Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayahluka ngokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, kwaye oku kuya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo losulelo abalunyangayo, nokuba ingaba ziyazibulala na iintsholongwane (bactericidal) okanye ziyacotha nje ukukhula kwentsholongwane ukuvumela amajoni omzimba aloyise usulelo (bacteriostatic). Ezinye i-antibiotics zinokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye iziselo zomlomo, ngelixa ezinye zifuna inaliti. Uninzi lwee-antibiotics ezisetyenziswa ezinjeni ziindidi ezifanayo ezinikwa abantu, kodwa iidosi zinokwahluka.
Iipenicillin
Ngokwe- Umbutho waseAmerican Chemical , I-penicillin yafunyanwa ngu-Alexander Fleming ngoSeptemba 3, 1928. Yayiyintsholongwane yokuqala kwaye yaba sisiyobisi esisindisa ubomi kwizifo ebantwini. Iipenicillin zonakalisa udonga lweeseli zebhakteria kwaye zinokuphazamisa ii-enzymes ezibalulekileyo kulungelelwaniso lodonga lweseli. Uninzi lwee-antibiotics zezinja ziseklasini yepenicillin kwaye zibandakanya:
- Amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Clavamox)
- Ipenisilini G
- Ampicillin
- Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
- Ngaba kukhuselekile ukunika iikati iAntibiotic yabantu?
- Iziphumo zeCanine Lyme Vaccine Side
- Izifo ezi-4 eziqhelekileyo zeCanine Prostate
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
I-penicillin ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lomchamo, ukosuleleka kolusu okanye amanxeba, kunye nosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, okanye njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokudibanisa isifo sesibindi kunye nesifo se-biliary, usulelo olubi lwe-systemic, okanye i-sepsis. Iipenicillin ziyasebenza ngokuchasene IStreptococcus , Istaphylococcus (ayizizo zonke iipenicillin), IPasteurella , kunye nezinye iintsholongwane ze-anaerobic.
Iipenicillin azisebenzi ngokuchasene noko Mycoplasma usulelo, kwaye ayinakusebenza kakuhle kusulelo lweprostate, iliso, amasende, okanye imiphunga. Kusulelo oluninzi, ii-penicillin zisenokuba zezinye zezibulali-ntsholongwane zokuqala ezisetyenzisiweyo, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka kokuvavanywa okanye inkcubeko.
Izilumkiso
Nasiphi na isibulala-zintsholongwane sinokuchaphazela izityalo eziqhelekileyo zesisu kwaye zikhokelele ekugabheni, kurhudo, okanye ekutyeni okungalunganga. Izinja ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ne-penicillin. Iipenicillin ngokubanzi zikhuselekile, kodwa kwiidosi eziphezulu kakhulu, i-neurotoxicity okanye ukuphakama kwee-enzyme zesibindi kunokubonwa.
Iifluoroquinolones
I-Fluoroquinolones ziludidi lweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ezisetyenziswa kuzo zombini izinja nabantu. Ziintsholongwane ezibulala iintsholongwane inqanda ukukhula kwebhakteria ngokujolisa kwii-enzymes ezibalulekileyo ekuphindaphindweni kwe-DNA. IiFluoroquinolones ziyafumaneka kwiifom zomlomo kunye nezitofwayo, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ziyafumaneka ezinjeni kunezo zisetyenziswa ebantwini. Iifluoroquinolone antibiotics eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ezinjeni zibandakanya:
Amagama angama-25 okanye umdlalo webhodi ongaphantsi
- Enrofloxacin (Baytril)
- I-Orbifloxacin (Orbax)
- IMarbofloxacin (iZeniquin)
- Ciprofloxacin
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
Iifluoroquinolones zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo oluninzi lwe-gram-negative lwebhaktiriya, kubandakanya nezo Escherichia coli , UKlebsiella, okanye Pseudomonas . Usulelo lomgudu wokuphefumla, amathumbu, umchamo kunye nolusu zihlala zichaphazeleka. I-Fluoroquinolones inokufikelela kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba ezingenakho ezinye i-antibiotics, kwaye ziyacetyiswa kusulelo lweprostate, inkqubo ye-nervous system, kunye namathambo kunye namalungu.
Ngokubanzi, olu didi lweziyobisi alusebenzi ngokuchasene nalo IStaphylococcus, iStreptococcus, iBrucella, iMycoplasma, iMycobacteria, okanye iintsholongwane anaerobic. Ukongeza, kukho ukunganyangeki okwandayo phakathi kweebhakteria ezininzi ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke, ke inkcubeko ihlala icetyiswa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-fluoroquinolone.
Izilumkiso
Ngelixa kunokuba kukuhenda ukubuza kugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba akunike amayeza ngesiyobisi esingabizi kakhulu i-ciprofloxacin endaweni ye-fluoroquinolones ethile yezilwanyana, oku akulunganga. Nangona i-ciprofloxacin inokusebenzela ezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya, ayichanekanga ngokuthembekileyo kwizinja.
Nasiphi na isibulala-zintsholongwane sinokuchaphazela izityalo eziqhelekileyo zesisu kwaye zikhokelele ekugabheni, kurhudo, okanye ekutyeni okungalunganga. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zefluoroquinolones zibandakanya ukonakala kwamalungu ezinja ezikhulayo xa zisetyenziswa ngeedosi eziphezulu, ukusabela okungafunekiyo emzimbeni, kwaye kunqabile, ukuphakamisa ii-enzymes zesibindi, uvalo kunye neempawu ze-neurologic. Xa usebenzisa i-antibiotic ye-fluoroquinolone, uhlengahlengiso kwiidosi zamanye amachiza ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yimfuneko.
Uncedo
I-Doxycycline yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ezinjeni kwaye iyinxalenye ye iklasi ye-tetracycline ye-antibiotics . Iyafumaneka njengohlobo olwenziwe ngokwesiqhelo kwiitafile, ulwelo, kunye nefom. I-Tetracycline antibiotics ibisetyenziswa ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1940 kwaye isebenza ngokungenelela kwiprotein synthesis of microorganisms.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
Ngoku ka Iziyobisi zeDayback , I-Doxycycline yintsholongwane ekhethwe zizinja kwizifo ezithwalwa ngamakhalane ezifana nesifo seLyme, ehrlichiosis, okanye i-anaplasmosis. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengenxalenye yenkqubo kunyango lwesifo sentliziyo, apho ijolise khona kubhakteria Wolbachia , usulelo lweentshulube zentliziyo ngokwazo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kukudumba kwindlela yomoya yenja.
I-Doxycycline ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zokuphefumla ezifana nokukhwehlela kwekennel. Kuyasebenza ngokuchasene ne-leptospirosis, UBartonella , kunye nezinye Isitampu. usulelo. I-Minocycline yenye ye-tetracycline antibiotic esetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha.
Ukuxhathisa kwebacteria kwi-doxycycline kuyinto eqhelekileyo , kwaye ayihlali isebenza ngokuchasene nosulelo Pseudomonas , Iproteus , Serratia , UKlebsiella , kunye neentlobo ezininzi ze Escherichia coli .
Ndingazisebenzisa iikhuphoni kwi-amazon
Izilumkiso
Iziphumo ezinokubakho ze-doxycycline ezinjeni zibandakanya:
- Ukuhlanza
- Urhudo
- Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
- Ukuphakama kwee-enzyme zesibindi
- Ukuphendula ngokuchaseneyo
I-Doxycycline akufuneki inikezwe ngokutya okune calcium (iimveliso zobisi). Akucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengoko iziphene zokuzalwa, okanye ukubola kwamazinyo okanye kwethambo kunokubangela.
Cephalosporins
Okokuqala kwafunyanwa kwi-1945, iklasi ye-cephalosporin ye-antibiotics yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Okokuqala ukuya kwisizukulwane sesihlanu se-cephalosporins zisetyenziswa kunyango lomntu, ngelixa kuqala kwisizukulwana sesithathu iziyobisi zisetyenziswa ezinjeni. I-Cephalosporins yi-bactericidal kwaye isebenza ngendlela efanayo neepenicillin, ngokuhlasela udonga lwebacteria. Ezinye i-cephalosporins ezikhoyo ezinja zibandakanya:
- ICephalexin (Keflex, Rilexine)
- ICefadroxil (Cefa-Tabs, Cefa-Drops)
- I-Cefazolin -i-cephalosporin ejoyiweyo
- ICeftiofur (iNaxcel)
- ICefpodoxime (iSimplicef)
- I-Cefovicin (iConvenia) - isibulali zintsholongwane esisebenza ixesha elide
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
Isizukulwana sokuqala se-cephalosporins ziluncedo ekunyangeni iigrama ezilungileyo zosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye neegram ezimbalwa ezimbi, kubandakanya nezo Escherichia coli , Iproteus , UKlebsiella , Salmonella , kunye Enterobacter. I-Cephalexin kunye ne-cefpodoxime zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lolusu ( I-Staphylococcus pseudintermedius kunye nosulelo lwe-urinary tract, kodwa aluncedo ngokuchasene ne-anaerobic bacteria njengeepenicillin.
I-cephalosporins yesibini kunye neyesithathu zinesimo esibanzi somsebenzi, kunye nokunganyangeki kangako kwebhakteria. Ezi zinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando, kwaye ziyasebenza ngokuchasene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-gram-positive kunye ne-gram-negative, kuxhomekeke kwichiza elithile.
Izilumkiso
Nasiphi na isibulala-zintsholongwane sinokuchaphazela izityalo eziqhelekileyo zesisu kwaye zikhokelele ekugabheni, kurhudo, okanye ekutyeni okungalunganga. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-cephalosporins zibandakanya ukusabela okungafunekiyo, ukunyuka kwe-salivation, i-hyperexcitability, kunye needosi eziphezulu, okanye kunqabile: ityhefu yezintso, ulusu olunamandla, iimpawu ze-neurologic, okanye utshintsho lweeseli zegazi.
yintoni umntu ayifunayo kubudlelwane
I-Metronidazole
Ngelixa uninzi lwee-antibiotics zinokubangela urhudo njengempembelelo yecala eliqhelekileyo, I-metronidazole yenye yezonyango eziqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukunyanga urhudo ezinjeni. Lilungu leklasi ye-nitroimidazole ye-antibiotics, kwaye kuphela kwesiyobisi kweli qela liqhele ukusetyenziswa ezinjeni. Indlela esebenza ngayo i-metronidazole ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazeleka ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa iyahlasela i-DNA yeearhente zosulelo. I-Metronidazole isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukusuleleka kwiintsholongwane ze-anaerobic kunye nezinye iiprotozoal parasites, ezinje nge Giardia . Iibhaktheriya ezithintekayo zingabandakanya:
- Ibacteroides fragilis
- IFusobacterium spp.
- IClostridium spp.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo
Ngokwe- Iqela laseMelika leKennel , I-Metronidazole ikwasetyenziselwa unyango lwezifo zesisu ezivuthayo, usulelo lomlomo kunye nolwamazinyo, okanye olunye usulelo olwenza isifo sorhudo okanye isifo sepsis (usulelo lwegazi).
Ungazilahla njani iibhalbhu ezibengezelayo
Izilumkiso
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metronidazole zinokubandakanya ukugabha, urhudo, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukonqena, ubuthathaka, ukubala kwegazi okuphantsi, ityhefu yesibindi, okanye igazi kumchamo. Rhoqo, ulusu olunokubakho kakhulu lunokwenzeka. Xa i-metronidazole isetyenziselwa ukumodareyitha ukuya kwiidosi eziphezulu ixesha elide, unokubona iimpawu ze-neurologic, kubandakanya i-ataxia (ukungcangcazela), ukuhamba nzima, okanye ukuhamba kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga. Ngethamsanqa, ezi mpawu ziya kuyeka nje ukuba iyeza liphume kwinkqubo yenja yakho. I-Metronidazole ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwizinja ezikhulelweyo.
Uyinika njani i-Antibiotic kwiNja
Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka anikezwe ngokutya, ke enye yeendlela ezilula ukunika inja yakho ipilisi yentsholongwane okanye iphilisi kukuyifihla kwisiqwenga sokutya. Buza ugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba ungazityumza iipilisi okanye uvule iphilisi ukuze ufihle incasa yepilisi. Iifomathi ezithile zeenja zintsholongwane zinokuchaphazeleka ukuze izinja zizithathe njengokunyanga.
Le vidiyo ivela kuWillard Vet ibonisa indlela yokunika inja ipilisi ukuba awukwazi ukuyifihla ekutyeni.
Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ahanjiswa ngendlela engamanzi (ihlala izinja ezincinci) kwaye kufuneka atyibilikiswe emlonyeni kusetyenziswa i-dropper okanye isirinji. Kungakulinga ukuxuba la mayeza kwisitya samanzi senja yakho, kodwa oku akukhuthazwa.
Qiniseka ukuba ugqibezela zonke ii-antibiotics ezimiselwe inja yakho kwaye ubone ugqirha wezilwanyana ukuze uphinde uhlolwe ukuba oko bekucetyisiwe. Ugqirha wezilwanyana usenokufuna ukuvavanya inja yakho ukuba ithathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba ikhondo leyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane liyimfuneko ukucoca usulelo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba isilwanyana sakho sineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwi-antibiotic, nxibelelana nodokotela wezilwanyana ukuba uxoxe malunga nokuba utshintsho kunyango luyimfuneko na.
Ngaba umnini-mpahla unokunika ii-Antibiotic?
Usenokuba sele unayo i-antibiotics ekhaya xa inja yakho igula. Nangona kunjalo, ayilombono ulungileyo ukuba unike inja yakho ngaphandle kokubona ugqirha wezilwanyana. La ngamayeza amiselweyo, ke akufuneki afakwe ngaphandle kokufuna iingcebiso zonyango. Ngelixa izinja zinokuthatha uninzi lwee-antibiotics ezifanayo nabantu, azinakuhlala zizinyamezele, kwaye iidosi zinokwahluka kunoko umntu omdala anokufuna.
Jonga ugqirha wezilwanyana
kokona kulungileyo kukuphepha i-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuba ubone ugqirha wezilwanyana kuba oku kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo eziza kubaluleka kugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba afumane isifo. Ukuba iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane liqala ukusebenza phambi kokuba isilwanyana sakho sihlolwe, ugqirha wezilwanyana usenokungakwazi ukuxelela ukuba lukhona phi usulelo okanye ukuba lukhulu kangakanani usulelo. Kwiimeko zosulelo olukhulu, isampuli yethishu ekosulelekileyo okanye ukukhutshwa kuhlala kuqokelelwa. Ukuba isilwanyana sifumene amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe le sampuli, iziphumo zisenokungachaneki.
Ukuxhalaba ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa
Inkxalabo yokugqibela ngonyango lwe-antibiotics kukuba la machiza ahlala esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye oku kunokuba negalelo ukukhula koxinzelelo lwebacteria . Xa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane esetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga (kuhlobo olungelulo losuleleko, idosi engonelanga, okanye ixesha elingonelanga), ezinye iintsholongwane ezomeleleyo ziya kusinda kwaye ziya kuthi emva koko zidlulise iimpawu zazo ezenza ukuba zisinde ziye kwezinye iintsholongwane. Ezi bhaktheriya ziyakhula kwaye zikhokelele kusulelo olubi kakhulu olungenakuphiliswa ngee-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo okanye ezingabizi kakhulu. Inkqubo ye- Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo icacisa uninzi lweengozi zokumelana neentsholongwane kwiphepha labo lewebhu.
Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunceda inja yakho egulayo
Izinja ezininzi ziya kufuna ukuthatha i-antibiotics ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Ngekhosi efanelekileyo ye-antibiotic efanelekileyo, iqabane lakho le-canine liya kuziva libuyele esiqhelweni ngaphandle kwexesha. Xa inja yakho igula, kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukuyinika into emenza azive engcono. Ngelixa ii-antibiotics zingasoloko zifuneka, zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki ezininzi zonyango ezinjeni, kwaye iintlobo ezininzi ziyafumaneka.
