Ngokwesiqhelo kucingwa ngamandongomane kwaye kusetyenziswe njalo kwizokuphekaIialmondi zizityalo zamatye ezinenkozo etyiwayo evalelwe emhadini onzima. Xa kuthelekiswa nabanye kusapho lweziqhamo zamatye, ezinje ngeplums kunye neepesika, imithi yeamangile yeyokuqala ukudubula kwaye yenze umtsalane kunye nevumba elimnandi lokongezwa komhlaba.
Indlela Imithi Ejongeka Ngayo
Iiamangile ( IPrunus ) yemveli kwiindawo zemozulu zaseMeditera kuMbindi Mpuma naseNtshona yeAsia, ezenza imithi emincinci enqabileyo. Amagama aqhelekileyo omthi kunye neziqhamo kubandakanya i-almond kunye ne-almond eswiti.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Ukukhula kweMithi yePistachio
- Zivela phi iiamangile?
- Umthi kaLaurel
Amahlamvu kunye neFom
Imithi yeamangile ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-15 yeenyawo ubude kwaye ibanzi ekukhuleni, iyenza ilungele imihlaba emincinci. Imithi inokuba neziqu zodwa okanye ezininzi zinika indlela evulekileyo kwaye ihlala isasaza i-canopy. Amagqabi atyhidiweyo afana ne-lance, akhula afikelela kuma-intshi ama-5 ubude kwaye atshintshe kumbala otyheli ngokuwa ngaphambi kokuba wehle ebusika.
Iintyatyambo
Phambi kokuba umthi ugcwalise amagqabi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amhlophe amhlophe apinki iintyatyambo ezakha ecaleni kwamasebe amafutshane asecaleni. Intyatyambo nganye inamagqabi amahlanu ubuncinane.
Ngaphandle kokuba iintyatyambo zine-monoecious, oko kuthetha ukuba nganye inamalungu angamadoda nababhinqileyo, iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemithi yeamangile ziyimfuneko ekuvumeni ipoleni efanelekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kweziqhamo.
Isiqhamo
Iqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala kwaye ingaqhubeka nokuvelisa iziqhamo kangangeminyaka engama-50. Intyatyambo nganye inomungu ijika ibe yidrupe equle iziqhamo zonke, ezibanjelwe kufutshane nesebe. Kuthatha idrupe nganye malunga neenyanga ezisibhozo ukukhula kwaye ilungele ukuvunwa.
Ndiza kuthetha njani ekuseni ngesiFrentshi
Nje ukuba idrupe ivuthwe, igubu langaphandle liyaqhekeka livuleke, liveze i-nut ngaphakathi. Ukuqhekeka kwenutya kutyhila inkozo etyiwayo ngaphakathi, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yialmond.
mangaphi amazwe ebekwi-union ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoMnqamlezo
Kuba le mithi ifuna udidi olwahlukileyo lokuchumisa okufanelekileyo kunye nemveliso yeziqhamo, khulisa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kufutshane. Ukuba ummelwane wakho unoluhlobo olwahlukileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubaleke ube nomthi omnye kwimbonakalo yomhlaba wakho, njengoko umthi wabo uza kuthi uncede kwimvumvuzelo kwaye uncediswe ngabangcolisi bendawo abafana neenyosi. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeeamangile zilungele umvumvuzelo onqamlezileyo zibandakanya, Alrich, Wood Colony, and Fritz for nonpareil types, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuthenga umthi weAlmond
Xa uthenga isityalo kwindawo yokugcina izityalo kwindawo ohlala kuyo, khangela imithi esempilweni engabonisi zonakalisi okanye izifo kumagqabi awo. Amagqabi kufuneka aluhlaza kwaye akhangeleke esempilweni ngaphandle kweempawu zamachokoza amagqabi okanye ukugoba. Qiniseka ukuba inkqubo yeengcambu ayikhuphi ngaphandle isikhongozeli esibonisa ngokubanzi ngeengcambu ezikhula ngaphandle kwemingxunya yezantsi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane unyaka-1 ubudala ukuya phantse kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala yokuthengisa kwiindawo zokugcina izilwanyana.
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana umthi kwindawo yokugcina abantwana, ungathenga omnye kumthengisi wezityalo kwi-Intanethi. Imithi ye-alimondi ekwi-Intanethi ngokubanzi ijikeleze unyaka-1 ubudala kwaye iyathunyelwa ngelixa likwimeko enqabileyo. Abathengisi bezityalo baquka Ngaba iWillis Orchard Co. kwaye Stark Bro's , ephethe imihlanganisela eliqela.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokuKhula nokuTyala
Imithi ye-almond iqinile kwimimandla ye-USDA ye-7 ukuya kwe-9 kunye khula kakuhle kwiindawo ezikule mimandla enamaxesha amade okukhula. Iindawo apho iqabaka ekwindla nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo zixhaphakile azifanelekanga njengoko umthi ungazukuvelisa sityalo seamangile ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo.
Ukukhetha Indawo
Cinga ubungakanani be-almond kunye nobubanzi obukhulayo xa ukhetha indawo yayo esisigxina kwimbonakalo yomhlaba. Vumela indawo eyaneleyo ejikeleze umthi ukuze ujikeleze umoya ngokufanelekileyo kuba oku kunokunceda ukunqanda iingxaki zezifo kunye nezinambuzane. Musa ukutyala umthi apho uya kuphazamisana nolayini okanye ulwakhiwo. Nangona ihlelwe njengemithi emincinci ukuya phakathi, ufuna ukutyala i-alimondi kwindawo apho inegumbi elaneleyo lokuphucula ubume bayo kunye nobukhulu bayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ilanga noMhlaba
Tyala umthi kwindawo efumana ilanga elipheleleyo kulo lonke usuku. Ii-almonds aziyi kukhula okanye ziqhakaze kwiindawo ezinomthunzi. Ngokubanzi, iiyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo zelanga ngalunye zanele ukukhula okufanelekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kweziqhamo.
Le mithi ikhula kakuhle kwimihlaba enokuchuma kwaye idreyini kakuhle. Umthi awuyi kukhula kakuhle kwimihlaba egcina amanzi amaninzi, okanye uhlala umanzi. Iya kuphuhlisa ukubola kwaye ekugqibeleni ife.
Amanzi
Ukukhula okusemgangathweni, imithi ye-almond idinga ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi rhoqo ngexesha lokukhula. Nkcenkceshela umthi osandula ukutyalwa kube kanye okanye kabini ngeveki de ingcambu ikwazi ukumila kwinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Emva koko, nkcenkceshela umthi ngeveki.
sesiphi isilwanyana esihlala ehlathini
Iingcebiso zokutyala
Nangona ungawutyala umthi unyaka wonke, ukutyala ngeenyanga zikaJanuwari nangoFebruwari zezona zilungileyo. Oku kunika inkqubo yengcambu ixesha lokuqalisa ukuzinza kwindawo yokutyala ngaphambi kokuba amahlamvu aqale ukukhula.
Emva kokuba ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo, susa nayiphi na ingca okanye ukhula kwindawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba izixhobo zengca zingonakalisi i-trunk. Ukukhula okungafunekiyo kuhlutha umthi izondlo eziyimfuneko kwaye kunokugcina izifo kunye nezinambuzane. Gcina indawo engenazityalo ngokhula rhoqo.
Ukusingatha iingcambu
Jonga inkqubo yeengcambu zeamangile ngaphambi kokutyala uze usike naziphi na ezaphukileyo. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani beengcambu ngaphambi kokutyala akuyimfuneko kwaye le nkqubo inokulibazisa ukusekwa komthi kwaye yonakalise izinga lokukhula kwayo. Ngamaxesha onke sebenzisa izixhobo zokuthena ezihlanzekileyo ukuze ungadluliseli sifo emthini.
Banokuchaphazeleka kwinyongo yesithsaba kwaye babulale iintsholongwane kwinkqubo yonke yeengcambu kunye nemveliso Galltrol iyanceda ekuthinteleni isifo. Ngaphambi kokutyala, gcwalisa yonke ingcambu kunye nemveliso. Unokufaka isicelo ngokutshiza ngeengcambu okanye ngokwenza ibhafu yokuntywila yonke inkqubo yeengcambu.
Ukutyala kwiHole
Bamba umngxuma obanzi kwaye unzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungene kuyo yonke inkqubo yeengcambu ngaphandle kokugoba. Kuba inkqubo yeengcambu inovakalelo kwaye awufuni kuyonakalisa ngokunyanzela ukuba ungene emngxunyeni omncinci kakhulu, kungcono ukumba umngxunya omkhulu kunokuba umncinci kakhulu.
Beka ibhola yengcambu emngxunyeni kwaye usasaze ngobunono iingcambu. Tyala umthi kubunzulu obufanayo obukhulayo kwisikhongozelo sawo sokuqala esithengiweyo kwaye hayi nzulu okanye ubeke uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga emthini. Gcwalisa umngxuma osembindini ngomhlaba uze uwuqinise ujikeleze iingcambu usebenzisa izandla zakho. Nkcenkceshela umngxunya ukuhlalisa umhlaba ojikeleze iingcambu uze ukhulule kunye neepokotho zomoya emva koko ugcwalise umhlaba oshiyekileyo. Xa sele utyalile, gcwalisa indawo yokutyala ngamanzi.
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokugubungela umthi, qiniseka ukuba uwugcina malunga nee-intshi ezi-6 ukusuka esiqwini. Ukubeka umthi kwi-trunk kunokubangela iingxaki zokubola. I-mulch isebenza ukugcina ukufuma emhlabeni kwaye inceda ukugcina ukukhula okungafunekiyo kohlaza. Faka umaleko omalunga ne-intshi ezintathu kwindawo yokutyala.
Unonophelo oluqhubekayo
Ngaphandle kokulawula izifo kunye nezinambuzane, eyona nto iphambili Inkathalo eqhubekayo Ukuthena kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso.
Iimfuno zokuprintwa
Uninzi lwezihlahla lwenzeka ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amathupha aphule. Kubalulekile ukwenza izihlahla ezikhulu ngelixa umthi usesezikalini. Cima naliphi na isebe elinqumlayo kunye namasebe amancinci ngaphakathi kombhobho ukuze uvule ukujikeleza okungcono komoya kunye nokukhanya. Nciphisa amasebe ukubuyela kwisebe eliphambili. Eli ikwalixesha elifanelekileyo lokususa nakuphi na ukugula, ukonakala okanye amasebe afileyo.
ezona tattoos zaziwa ngalo lonke ixesha
Nangona kunjalo, coca kuwo nawaphi na amasebe afileyo, onakeleyo okanye agulayo unyaka wonke kwaye njengoko kubonakala. Ukugcina ekudluliseleni izifo emthini, soloko usebenzisa izixhobo zokuthena inzalo ukwenza ukusika kwakho.
Ukuchumisa iimfuno
Imithi ifuna ukufakwa kwezichumiso kathathu ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhula lihlukaniswe malunga neenyanga ezintathu ngokwahlukana. Lindela ukuchumisa imithi esandula ukutyalwa de umthi uvelise ii-intshi ezininzi zokukhula okutsha. Sebenzisa yonke injongo isichumiso se nitrogen kwaye usasaze ii-ounces ezi-4 ngokulinganayo phantsi kombhobho, ukunqanda ukufaka imveliso kufutshane nesiqu. Faka isicelo sokuqala kwinxalenye yokuqala yasentwasahlobo kwaye uphele ngesokugqibela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Soloko unkcenkceshela isichumisi emhlabeni emva kokufaka.
Ukuvuna Amandongomane
Emva kokuba iidrump zomthi ziqala ukwahlula phakathi, ungaqala ukuvuna intabalala. Beka itarp okanye iphepha phantsi komthi ukubamba amandongomane awileyo. Ukushukumisa umthi okanye amasebe kuya kukhulula iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kumasebe kwaye ziya kuwela kwisigqumathelo somhlaba.
Yomisa iiamangile ezivuniweyo ngokuzisasaza kwiphepha kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho izilwanyana zasendle zingenakufikelela kuzo kwaye zivumele iiamangile ukuba zome iiveki ezimbalwa. Nje ukuba yomile, unokugcina iiamangile kwiigobolondo zazo okanyeiqokobheiinyanga ezininzi kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya. Unokuqandisa ii-almond kwaye ziya kuhlala zintsha kangangeminyaka eliqela. Ukukhenkceza iiamangile kangangeeveki ezininzi kuyabulala naziphi na iintshulube ezinokuthi zihlale ngaphakathi kwigobolondo.
Iingxaki zezifo kunye nezifo
Iindidi ze izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo iingxaki zinokuchaphazela imithi yeamangile. Njengakwiingxaki ezininzi, ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo lomthi njengamanzi kunye nesichumisi kugcina umthi usempilweni kwaye kunokuthintela ezinye iingxaki ekubeni zenzeke. Ukugcina indawo ephantsi komthi ngaphandle kwamantongomane awileyo kunye namagqabi nako kuyanceda ekugcineni umthi wezinambuzane- kunye nezifo.
Zixabise kangakanani iintsana zam zeebhiya
Izifo eziqhelekileyo
Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithi zibandakanya:
- Inyongo yomqhele : I inyongo yesithsaba Iintsholongwane zingena emthini ngenxeba. Ingxaki ibaluleke kakhulu kwimithi emincinci. Nangona kunjalo, imithi emidala inokuchaphazeleka kwaye iigall zikhokelela ekonakaleni, oko ke kukhokelele ekukhuleni okuxineneyo kunye nokubola. Ifom yeGalls esiqwini kunye namasebe ethamba kwaye ekugqibeleni abole. Nje ukuba i-galls yenze ifom, abagadi begadi kufuneka baphathe iindawo ezosulelekileyo Igalile . Thintela ingxaki ngokungonzakalisi indawo zomthi ngezixhobo zengca ezingqubeka esiqwini.
- Umngundo weShothole kunye nendawo yamagqabi : Isikhunta esityhutyha amagqabi kunye namagqabi singagqitha kwisityalo kubangele izilonda kunye namachaphaza amnyama okanye amnyama ukuba enze amagqabi neziqhamo. Amabala ekugqibeleni anika indlela emngxunyeni. Ukuba ayishiywanga inganyangwa, ukungunda kuyachaphazela ukuveliswa kweziqhamo kwaye kunokubangela ukuwa kwegqabi. Lawula ingxaki ngokutshiza umthi wonke ebusika naphambi kokuqhekeka komdumba nge ukungunda ubhedu .
- Ukuqhakaza ukungunda komngundo : I-blossom blightom fungus ichaphazela iintyatyambo, amandongomane kwaye inokuchaphazela imveliso nganye. Zombini iintyatyambo kunye namandongomane achaphazelwe ngundo ibonisa iimpawu ezinamabala amancinci amdaka athi ekugqibeleni athabathe intyatyambo okanye nut. Ukungunda okungaphezulu komhlaba kunye nokucoca ngokufanelekileyo iziqhamo eziwileyo kunye namagqabi kuyanceda kuthintelo. Ukutshiza umthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba uqhekeko luqhume kunye nefungi yokubulala ukungunda kunceda ekuthinteleni uqhambuko.
- Ngundo ngumngundo : Ngumngundo womphunga ixhaphake kakhulu xa iimeko zishushu kwaye zifumile. Ifungus ithuthwa ngumoya kwaye ihlala kumanxuwa awileyo phantsi komthi wom-amangile. Iyabonakala ngokulula kuba ikhangeleka ngathi umgubo ugquma amagqabi kwaye unokubangela ukukhula okuxineneyo, ukugqabhuka kwamagqabi kunye neentyatyambo zeentyatyambo. Thintela ingxaki ngokucoca i-debris phantsi komthi kwaye ungankcenkcesheli amagqabi omthi. Nyanga ingxaki ngokutshiza wonke umthi nge- thatha ioli umngundo.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeNkathazo
Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo zichaphazela imithi yeamangile, kuquka i-sap-suckers, i-borer kunye nemibungu. Njengayo nayiphi na ingxaki yezinambuzane, ukufumanisa kwangoko kunye nonyango yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokususa ingxaki.
- Aphids kunye nezigcawu zesigcawu : Ezi zinambuzane zifunxa incindi kumagqabi omthi kunye neziqu kwaye zibangele ukuvela kombala kumagqabi, ijika lamagqabi, kunye nokugqwetha kunye nokukhula okumileyo. Aphids kunye spider mites zihlanganisana emazantsi amagqabi amatsha kunye neethenda ezintsonkothileyo, zifunxa incindi zesityalo. Izibungu zesigcawu zishiya ilaphu elimhlophe elilungileyo. Iintwala ezimile okwepeyari zinemibala eyahlukeneyo kubandakanya uluhlaza, mnyama nokumthubi. Zama ukubaqhushumba emthini ngokusebenzisa uqhushumbo olunamandla lwamanzi. Kwimeko apho kukho uhlaselo olukhulu, ukutshiza isityalo nge isepha yokubulala izinambuzane kwaye ukunyanga iveki nganye kufuneka kulawule ingxaki yezinambuzane.
- Isikali: Njengee-aphids kunye nezigcawu zesigcawu, esi sinambuzane siyifunxa incindi kwaye sidale imicimbi efanayo. Izikali zijikelezwa zinomzimba ofana nezixhobo kwaye zihlala zihlangana kumasebe amancinci omthi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhutshwa ukuba azikho mbi kakhulu kuhlaselo. Ngaphandle koko, sebenzisa isepha yokubulala izinambuzane, nabo.
- Iimbumba ze-orangeworm : Iimbumba ze-orangeworm yimibungu yenundu kunye nobusika obungaphezulu kwidrabri ewileyo kunye namandongomane phantsi komthi. Imibungu emincinci ibomvu-bumthubi ngombala kwaye itya ngaphakathi kwi-almond, egqiba isivuno. Lawula ingxaki ngokugcina onke amankunkuma phantsi komthi ecociwe, ngakumbi amandongomane awileyo.
- Imibungu yasententeni Ukuchongwa ngokulula, Iimbungu zentente yenza iwebhu enkulu ngakumbi kwindawo yomthi. Umbungu utya amagqabi eamangile kude kube skeleton. Ukuba ayishiywanga inganyangwa, uhlaselo olukhulu lunokuwuchaphazela umthi. Kwiimeko zosulelo oluncinci, abagadi begadi banokukhetha iimopane kwisityalo kwaye bawele kwibhakethi lamanzi anesepha. Xa uhlaselo lukhulu, ukutshiza umthi nge-Bt unceda ukulawula imibungu. Phinda rhoqo ngeveki.
- Ipereach borer yomthi : Ipereach borer borer yimibungu yenundu kwaye ingena kwimithana yomthi nakumasebe aphezulu abangela ukuba umthi uveze into gummy. I-larva overwinters kwi-debris phantsi komthi kwaye isebenza ngendlela yabo ukuya kwi-bark xa imozulu ifudumele. Itonela ngaphakathi kwamaxolo itya izicwili zangaphakathi. Iibherers zibangela ukukhula okuxineneyo kuwenze buthathaka umthi kwaye zinokubulala imithi emincinci yeamangile kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu kwimithi emidala. Nceda ukukhusela ingxaki ngokugcina indawo ephantsi komthi icocekile. Ukutshiza umboko nge-oyile ye-neem ngaphambi kokuba imozulu ifudumeze kwaye uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ulawule.
Isibonelelo esixabiseke ngakumbi
Abanye banokuthi baqwalasele imithi ye-almond ukugcinwa okuphezulu xa kuziwa ekunyamekeleni kwabo okuqhubekayo, kodwa banomdla kwayeubhetyebhetyeUkuvuna kufanelekile kumzamo. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, uyakonwabela iiamangile zakho ezintsha kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo kwaye unokwabelana ngokwaneleyo nezilwanyana zasendle kunye nabamelwane.
