I-antique yokuqala ye-anti-beer yaseJamani isusela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, ixesha apho izinto zodongwe zaziphuculwa, iJamani yayisenza utywala obutsha kunye nobuphuculweyo, kwaye i-Yuropu yahlaselwa sisibetho se-bubonic. I-replica kunye nee-steins zebhiya ezindala zisenziwa nanamhlanje, ke kuya kufuneka uqonde imbali yezi nqanawa ukuze ufunde amaxabiso eebhiya zaseJamani.
Imbali ye-Beer Steins yaseJamani
Iibhiya zebhiya ziye zavela ngenxa yemithetho epasiswe kwizithili ezininzi zaseJamani ezichaza ukuba ikhava kufuneka ibekhona kuzo zonke iziselo nezitya zokutya. Imithetho, kunye neminye enxulumene neemeko zococeko, yayiphendula koloyiko lokuba ukuphinda kwesibetho se-bubonic, esikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Black Death, kungabangelwa kukuhlasela kweempukane kwi-Central Yurophu embindini ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Kude kube lelo xesha, uninzi lwabantu oluqhelekileyo lusela ibhiya kwiimagi ezenziwe ngodongwe okanye ngomthi. Abazizityebi nabakumgangatho ophezulu basela ngeglasi, ipewter okanye iinqanawa zesilivere, ezibizwa ngokuba ziibherikhi okanye iitanki.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo
- I-Antique ekhokelwe ngeglasi yeWindows
- Izihlalo zeAntique
- Ii-antique zooDoli: Ubuhle boYilo oluncinci
IiMugs ezineeLinged Lids
Ii-steins zokuqala yayiziigubhu ezinesiciko esixhonyiweyo esasinokuphakanyiswa kwesithupha. Njengoko inkqubela phambili yayiqhubeka ekuphuculeni izinto zodongwe, kwaveliswa umbandela omtsha owawubizwa ngokuba ngamatye. I-chip kunye nokuqhekeka okunganyangekiyo, into entsha engena-porous yayilukhetho olufanelekileyo lokubamba ibhiya.
Ixabiso elibiza kakhulu, izitya eziselwayo ezinamatye okusela kungekudala zaba yimixholo yamagcisa oKuvuselela ezongeza uyilo ukuze zibenomtsalane ngakumbi. Ii-steins zaseJamani zokuqala Ukusuka kwishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwishumi elinesixhenxe leminyaka yayihlala:
- Umhombiso oqingqiweyo okanye osetyenzisiweyo kunye neenkcukacha zokuhombisa
- Imizobo eqingqiweyo okanye esetyenzisiweyo kubandakanya okomfuziselo, ezembali nezeBhayibhile
- Amakhaka aqingqiweyo okanye afakiweyo
- I-glaze yetyuwa ecacileyo
- I-chocolate glaze yetyuwa
- I-cobalt oxide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-manganese oxide purple glaze
Intshayelelo yeNzululwazi
Phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, ibhiya yaseJamani kunye neebhiya zebhiya zazifunwa kakhulu. Amalungu aphakamileyo oluntu lwaseJamani ayefuna izitayile ezihonjisiweyo ezenziwe ngesilivere, ipewter okanye iglasi ezenziwe eBavaria, Koblenz naseKoln. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho nengqwalaselo enkulu ehlawulweyo kwiiporcelain ezintle ze-Ming mugs zase China. Nangona ngelo xesha ababumbi baseYurophu babengayazi indlela yokuvelisa i-porcelain, ababumbi baseJamani bavelisa enye into eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-faience.
Ukuhamba kweebhiya yenziwe ngobugqwetha , uhlobo lodongwe olusebenzisa i-tin oxide ukwenza i-porcelain emhlophe ejongeka njenge-glaze, ngokukhawuleza yathandwa eJamani. I-faience steins yaseJamani yayi:
- Ixabiso elincinci kunamaqhekeza aseTshayina
- Ehonjiswe ngemihombiso emihle yokuhombisa kunye neempawu motifs in Renaissance late and styles of Baroque rather than Chinese designs
- Ikhazimliswe kakuhle okoko i-glaze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseJamani yayisulungekile kune-Chinese glaze eluhlaza, inika ii-steins imibala emangalisayo kunye nemigca ecekeceke
I-Porcelain Antique yaseJamani yeeBhiya
Uninzi lwabenzi beebhiya zaseJamani baqhubeka nokwenza i-faience steins ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Kwangelo xesha, i-porcelain yaseYurophu yayenziwe yagqitywa kwaye izitya zebhiya zaseJamani ezixabisa kakhulu zazifunwa ziintsapho ezizezona zityebileyo zaseJamani.
Ngaphandle kweporcelain, ezinye izinto zisetyenzisiwe ekwenzeni ii-steins zebhiya ngeli xesha. Njengama-porcelain steins, ii-steins zebhiya ezenziwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo nazo zazinexabiso eliphezulu:
- Iglasi engenamlinganiso
- Iglasi ekroliweyo
- Isilivere
- Ndlovu
I-Steins ye-Mid ye-19 ukuya kweXesha lama-20 leminyaka
Iibhiya zaseJamani eziveliswe ukusukela phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yabona ukuphinda kudume kwezitye zelitye ezihonjiswe ngoyilo lwe-Renaissance kunye neempawu. Ezi steins zezi:
andizange ndibuze imibuzo kulutsha
- Yenziwe ngodongwe kwindawo yaseKoln, enombala omhlophe ohlukileyo
- Ukuhonjiswa kwisitayile sobuNtu, ihlala inemihombiso yokunceda
- Umbala usebenzisa i-glaze yetyuwa engwevu
- Zineziqweqwe ze-porcelain ezihonjisiweyo
Eli xesha likwasisiqalo seebhiya zaseJamani ezibunjiweyo. Ii-steins zokuqala ezibunjiweyo zenziwa kwingingqi yaseWesterwald nguReinhold Hanke. Nje ukuba isikhunta sisetyenzisiwe kwaye ii-steins zebhiya zazisenziwa ngobuninzi, umsebenzi ocacileyo ocacileyo wokukhululwa kwee-steins zakuqala wawungasafani. Kubonakala kumakhulu, okanye kungabi ngamawaka, ama-steins abunjiweyo.
Iimpawu zaseJamani zikaStein
Amaxabiso ama-antique aseJamani ama-stein aqala kwi-50 ukuya kwi-5 000 yeedola. Ukwazi konke onokukwenza malunga ne-stein yakho kunye nemarike yangoku kubo nabaqokeleli kunokuthetha umahluko wamawaka eedola.
- Ifandesi uRon Fox kwabelwana ngaye ukuba wayekhe wathengisa nge-17th tankard yaseMelika, uhlobo lwe-stein, ngeedola ezili-140,00 zeedola. Kwakudluliselwe kwizizukulwana zosapho olunye.
- Ngo-2018, a Ngo-1900 i-regin yolawulo lwaseJamani kuthengiswe ngaphezulu kwe- $ 6,000.
- I-1850s iMarzi kunye neRemy pewter lid stein ethengiswe ngo-2020 ngeedola ezili-150.
Indlela yokuxelela ukuba iJer Steer Stein ixabisekile
Ukufumanisa ukuba i-stein yakho yinto exabisekileyo ye-antique okanye ipholile nje, kufuneka ujonge imikhondo malunga nayo mdala kangakanani stein , yenziwa phi, kwaye yenziwa njani. Indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana ixabiso le-stein yakho kukufuna uvavanyo lwengcali kwi-stein ingcali.
Iingcebiso zokuQinisekisa iBhiya yakho yaseJamani
Ukuqala, uya kufuna ukuqiniseka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-stein yakho yobhiya yi-antique yaseJamani eyiyo, hayi isiqwenga sokuthengisa esenziwe ngobunzima.
- Ukuba ngaphakathi kwesiciko sepewter kukhaphukhaphu kunangaphandle, oko kubonisa ubunyani.
- I-steins epeyintwe ngesandla iya kuba nokungafezeki okuncinci kwaye izive iphakanyisiwe. Ezi zibaluleke ngakumbi.
- Uyilo olwenziwe ngesandla lubonisa ubunyani, kwaye abo banesikimu sokuthand 'izwe saseJamani banokubaluleka ngakumbi.
- Imiboniso kwi-stein kufuneka ibalise ibali. Uyilo lwendalo yeBhayibhile okanye isiganeko esingokwembali sinokubaluleka ngakumbi.
- Uyilo kwisivalo kufuneka luhambelane noyilo kwi-stein ukubonisa ukuba lonke iqhekeza lihambile.
Iingcebiso zokuDibana neBeer Stein yakho yaseJamani
Ukufumana ixesha xa kwenziwa i-stein yakho kubalulekile kuba iziqwenga ezindala ziya kuba zexabiso ngakumbi.
- Khangela ukumakisha okubonisa ukuba yenziwe eJamani. Oku kwakuyimfuneko yokuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe emva kowe-1887. Amabinzana afana ne 'Gemacht e Deutschland' okanye 'Made in Germany' aqhelekile.
- Izibambo zebhiya azizange zifumane amaqhuma kubo kude kube zii-1920s, ke ngenxa yokunqongophala kokungqubana kunokunceda ukuhambisa isiqwenga somhla wakho.
- Inani kwi-stein eqala ngo-'17, '' 18 'okanye '19 ayisiyiyo imini yokwenziwa kwayo. Ukuba inani lingemva kwesiphatho okanye libhalwe kwisiseko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yifom okanye inombolo yokubumba kuphela.
- Iziciko zepewter ezenziwe ngaphambi kokuba iWWII isebenzise isikhunta senxalenye ezintathu okanye ezine, ngelixa iibhondi zepewter zamva nje zenziwe kwisikhunta esinye.
- I-stein ephawulwe njengoko yenziwe eNtshona Jamani ibonisa ukuba yenziwe phakathi kowe-1949 no-1990.
Ixabiso leMpembelelo zeMeko ye-Stein
Iibhiya zesinyithi zazenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe, ke ukufumana imibala ephelileyo, iichips ezincinci, kunye nezinye iimpazamo ezincinci kulindelwe ngezinto zakudala. Kodwa imeko ye-stein yakho iya kuchaphazela ixabiso layo. Ukuba isiqwenga sakho sinezinto ezininzi okanye zonke ezi meko, ziya kuba zexabiso ngakumbi.
- Zonke iziqwenga zoqobo azilunganga
- Zimbalwa kakhulu iitshipsi, imivalo okanye iintanda
- Akukho msebenzi wokulungisa ucacileyo
- Imihlobiso yoqobo icacile
- Akukho mbonakalo ingathandekiyo
- Akukho monakalo ungaphambili
- Ihenjisi yokusebenza kwisiciko
Abenzi beBeer Stein abadumileyo baseJamani
Abenzi be-Stein bahlala bephawula umsebenzi wabo ngokululaIimpawu zomenzi ezichongiweyo. Unokukhangela kwi-intanethi yolwazi njenge Amanqaku kaStein ukuchonga eyakho. Iziqwenga zomenzi owaziwayo zinokubaluleka ngakumbi. Aba balandelayo ngabenzi beebhiya zaseJamani.
- UAlbert Jacob Thewal
- Idiesinger
- UDumler noBreiden
- Eckhardt kunye ne-Engler
- Ipeyintwe ngesandla
- Hauber kunye noReuther
- UJ. W. Remy
- UMarzi kunye noRemy
- IMerkelbach kunye neWick
- IMetrach
- Rastal Werk
- Gcina uHanke
- Gcina iMerkelbach
- USmion uPeter Gertz
- UVilleroy noBoch
Izixhobo zaseBeer Stein
Ukusuka kwiincwadi ukuya kwiiwebhusayithi, unokufumana izixhobo ezininzi ezivela kwiingcali kunye nabaqokeleli abanomdla ukukunceda uchonge iqhekeza okanye uqale ingqokelela yakho.
- Incwadi yeBeer Stein: Ikhathalogu ebonisiweyo, amaxabiso akhoyo, ulwazi loMqokeleli NguJim Gruhl noGary Kirsner banamaphepha angama-400 e-stein.
- Incwadi yeBhiya Stein: Imbali ye-400 yeminyaka nguRegina Kelleter kunye noGary Kirsner ubonelela ngemvelaphi ebanzi kubaqokeleli abanzulu.
- Ukuba ujonge umenzi othile, into efana nale Incwadi yeMettlach nguGary Kirsner unikezela ngeenkcukacha ngophawu olunye lwe-stein.
- Inkqubo ye- IZiko le-Stein yindawo yentengiso ekwi-Intanethi apho ungathenga khona izitishi zaseJamani.
- ILayibrari yeBhiya Stein inezinto ezinokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabenzi be-stein kunye neengcebiso zokuqokelela i-stein ngokubanzi.
- Abaqokeleli be-Stein baMazwe ngaMazwe liqela elizinikeleyo ekuqokeleleni ii-steins.
Ukuqokelela iiBhiya zaseJamani
Nangona awuyi kufumana i-antique ye-antique yaseJamani eyenziwe ngamatye okuqala okanye i-faience kwiivenkile ze-antique zendawo okanye kwiifandesi ze-intanethi, zininzi izinto ezintle zebhiya ezenziwe kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo ezifumanekayo kubaqokeleli.
