Ezinye zezona zininziiinyani ezimnandi malunga ne-tundraszibandakanya zeziphi izilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo enetundra. Izilwanyana ezikwi-tundra zinobuchule obukhethekileyo obubanceda baphile kule ndawo ibandayo nengqwabalala. Ngenxa yobuchule babo obukhethekileyo, uninzi lwezilwanyana kwi-tundra azifumaneki kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Yintoni iTundra?
I-tundra luhlobo lwe-biome olufumaneka kwiplanethi yoMhlaba. I-biome yile indawo ethile yomhlaba eyaziwa ngokuba yiyoImozulu ethile, izityalo, nezilwanyana.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Ukuchaza iifossil zaBantwana
- Iindidi zebhabhathane ezinenkcazo kunye nemifanekiso
- Iinyani ezingama-30 zeTundra zaBantwana
Imozulu yaseTundra
I-Tundras yenye yeendidi ezibandayo zebhayom kwaye zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-arctic ejikelezeiNdawo ekuMntlakunye ne-hemisphere esemantla. I-Tundras ayifumani mvula ininzi kwaye emini ehlotyeni ihlala iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.
Alpine Tundra
Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se Zonke ii-tundras emhlabeni zii-alpine tundras. Olu hlobo lwetundra lufumaneka ikakhulu kumantla ehlabathi. I-Alpine tundras zifumaneka ezintabeni kwaye zenzeka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Banobushushu obuphantsi ngokwenene, imimoya enamandla ngokwenene, kwaye akukho mithi. Amaqondo obushushu ebusika kwi-alpine tundra ehla aye kuthi ga kwi -18 degrees Fahrenheit.
IArctic Tundra
Enye yezinto ezizodwa ezenza i-arctic tundra kukuba kukho umaleko wobumanzi otshone emhlabeni, obizwa ngokuba yi-permafrost, ohlala ungumkhenkce ngalo lonke ixesha. Amaqondo obushushu kwi-arctic tundra ehlotyeni anyuka afike kwi-40 degrees Fahrenheit kwaye angaphosa ezantsi njenge -32 degrees Fahrenheit ebusika.
Ukutshintshwa kwezilwanyana eTundra
Ulungelelwaniso ziindlela izilwanyana ezikhule ngazo okanye eziguqukileyo ezibanceda ukuba baphile ubomi obude kunye nobunempilo kwindalo yabo. Ezi zizinto ezinceda izilwanyana zisinde kwi-tundra. Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili onokulindela ukuba izilwanyana zezilwanyana zibe nazo:
- Uboya obushinyeneyo okanye amanqatha ukubanceda bafudumale kule mozulu ibandayo
- Iidyayi ezimhlophe zasehlotyeni ukubanceda bazifihle kwikhephu
- Iimpuphu ezibukhali okanye iinzipho ukubanceda ukuba bahambe kumhlaba ongumkhenkce
- Ukuhlala kwimingxunya, emiqolombeni, okanye kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezivaliweyo ubukhulu becala
- Ukufukama ngexesha leyona nyanga ibanda
- Fudukela kwiindawo ezishushu xa kubanda kakhulu
Uluhlu lweZilwanyana zeAlpine Tundra
Izilwanyana zeAlpine tundra Uneengca kunye namatyholo onokuzitya ukuba ziiherbivores okanye zinee-omnivores kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezincinci ukuba uzitye xa zitya inyama.
Chamois
Ichamois sisilwanyana esifana nebhokhwe esivela eYurophu nakuMbindi Mpuma. Uboya be-chamois bumdaka mnyama bumnyama ebusika, kodwa bujika bubemdaka ngebala ehlobo. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, zikhula ngaphantsi komhlaba ukuze zifudumale.
Nganye
I-Elk lilungu elikhulu losapho lwenyamakazi. Ngalo lonke ixesha lasebusika bakhulisa uboya obufudumeleyo ukuze bafudumale kwaye baphalaze olo hlobo ehlobo ukuze bahlale bepholile. Enye yeendlela elk ezisinda ngazo kwi-tundra kukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-tundra ukondla ehlotyeni, emva koko uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ebusika.
Ibex
I-ibex lolunye uhlobo lweebhokhwe ezizalelwa eYurophu, eAsia nakuMntla Afrika. Njengengulube, ibhokhwe ihamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze itye ehlotyeni ize iphantsi ukuze itye ebusika. Ibhokhwe iba ngumkhweli olunge kakhulu ukuyinceda ukuba ihambe ngendlela yeentaba. Enye i-ibex iyakwazi nokukhwela emithini ukuze itye amagqabi.
Ukutsiba Imouse
Iimpuku zokutsiba luhlobo lweentonga ezifumaneka kwi-alpine tundras eMntla Melika nase China. Nangona ijongeka ifana nempuku eqhelekileyo, impuku yokutsiba inemilenze ende yangasemva nomsila omde, njengekhangaru, ukuyinceda ukuba itsibe kwaye ilungelelanise. Ukuze uphile kule mozulu, iimpuku ezixhumaxhuma kwindawo ebusika. Bachitha ihlobo labo besitya ukwakha amanqatha emizimbeni yabo eya kubagcina befudumele ngelixa belala.
Imarmot
Iimarmot ziimpuku ezinkulu ezihlala kwindawo ezinzulu zemingxunya apho zinokukhuseleka kwimimoya ephezulu. Bahlala namaqela amakhulu osapho ukunceda ukufudumala. OoMarmot baqokelela emngxunyeni wemingxunya yabo ukuze balale kunye ebusika. Ukuze zingagcini phantsi kwengqele engaphantsi komhlaba ebusika, iimarmot zivuka rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezilishumi ukuze zinyuse amaqondo obushushu emizimba yazo. Olunye uphawu lweemarmot kukuba banesikhonkwane ngomnwe omnye, endaweni yeenzipho, ukubanceda bambe kubumdaka obunzima.
izinto zokwenza kwiindawo zokulala zolutsha
Intaba yebhokhwe
Iibhokhwe zasezintabeni zikhulu, zizilwanyana ezinoboya ezingezizo iibhokhwe, zifana ne-antelopes zebhokhwe. Iimpuphu zebhokhwe yasezintabeni zinceda ekunyukeni iintaba ngokulula. Iiphedi ezirhabaxa ezisezantsi kweempuphu zazo zibanceda babambelele kumhlaba onzima. Zineebhatyi ezimhlophe zokufihla ikhephu kwaye zikhulise iindevu, kunye neebhatyi ezinde zokuzigcina zifudumele.
Mde
Ipika sisilwanyana esincancisayo esincinci esifana nomnqamlezo phakathi komvundla wasendle nempuku. Zifumaneka eMntla Melika naseAsia. Iipikas zinoboya obude obugquma iinyawo zazo ukuzigcina bushushu. Ezinye iintlobo zepika zihlala emingxunyeni, kodwa ezininzi zihlala kwindlwana ekwakhiweni kwamatye aqhekekileyo. Iipikas ezihlala ematyeni zenza i-haypile, okanye ingqokelela yokutya, abagcinela ukukusebenzisa ngeenyanga zobusika.
Bayayithanda
Iivensi zincinci iimpuku ezifana nempuku. Ii-voles zinoboya obungqindilili ukuzigcina zifudumele. Bahamba betyhutyha ikhephu okanye baphantsi komhlaba ukuphepha amarhamncwa kunye nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla.
Uluhlu lwezilwanyana zeArctic Tundra
Izilwanyana ezihlala kwifayile ye- tundra yeArctic zezinye zezona zilwanyana zinzima eMhlabeni. Imozulu inokubanda kakhulu ngekhephu elininzi, kwaye ukutya kunqabile.
IArctic Fox
I-arctic fox iyakwazi ukuhlala kubanda obubandayo ngokuyinxalenye kububoya bayo kwiinyawo zayo, iindlebe ezimfutshane kunye nomlomo omfutshane. Bahlala kwimingxunya yokuphepha imozulu embi ngelixa belele. Idyasi yabo imhlophe ebusika, ebanceda ukuba badibane nekhephu, kwaye bumdaka ehlotyeni ukubanceda badibane namatye kunye nokungcola. Xa ukutya kunzima ukukufumana ebusika, iimpungutye ze-arctic ziya kulandela ngasemva iibhere ezimhlophe kwaye zitye ukutya ezishiyiweyo.
Umvundla weArctic
Mfutshane, iindlebe ezishinyeneyo zinceda ukugcina umvundla wobugcisa ufudumele ebusika. Banoboyana obungqindilili kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bayangqingqwa nezinye iihares ukuzigcina beshushu. Iihares zaseArctic zifumaneka kuMntla Merika. Njengempungutye ye-arctic, umvundla wobugcisa unesambatho esimhlophe ebusika kunye nengubo emnyama ehlotyeni.
Ingcuka yobuciko
Iingcuka zobugcisa zifumaneka eGreenland nakuMntla Melika. Zineebhatyi ezimhlophe ezibanceda badibane kwaye bazingele kwikhephu. Iindlebe ezincinci kunye ne-muzzle encinci inceda iingcuka zobuciko ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba. Bahlala emiqolombeni kuba abanakumba imingxunya kwi-permafrost.
ICaribou
ICaribou zizinyamakazi ezinkulu ezizalelwa eMntla Melika. ICaribou iyasinda kwi-tundra ngokungahlali apho unyaka wonke. Benza imfuduko enkulu ngaphambi kwehlobo ukuya kwindawo yabo yokutyisa itundra. Eminye imihlambi ihamba kangangeekhilomitha ezingama-600. Emva koko, xa kuqala ukuba nekhephu, babuyela emazantsi. Ngaphantsi kwempuphu yecaribou ikhutshelwe ngaphandle ukubanceda ukumba kwikhephu lokutya.
Jaeger
U-jaeger luhlobo lweentaka olufana nolwandle. Kwezinye iindawo, iijeleger zibizwa ngokuba ziiarku skuas. Bahlala ikakhulu elwandle, kodwa intloko ukuya kwi-tundra ukuzalela ehlotyeni. Basebenzisa itundra encinci yokuxinana ukubeka nokuqandusela amaqanda abo.
Iimitha
Ii-lemmings zincinci, iimpuku ezifana nempuku. I-lemmings iyatshintsha amakhaya abo ebusika nasehlotyeni iinyanga ukuphendula ngotshintsho lwemozulu. Ebusika bahlala emingxunyeni engaphantsi komhlaba besebenzisa iindlwane ezenziwe ngengca, iintsiba kunye noboya beenkomo zemisonto ukuze bahlale beshushu. Ngentwasahlobo, baya kwindawo ephezulu kwaye bahlala emahlathini okanye ematyholweni. Ii-Lemmings zisebenzisa uzipho lwazo olunye olucathulisiweyo kunyawo ngalunye lwangaphambili ukumba kwikhephu lokutya.
IMusk Ox
Iinkomo zeMusk zizilwanyana ezikhulu ezanyakazela i-arctic tundra edla kwiingcambu, ubulembu kunye ne-lichen. Banenwele ezinde ezirhabaxa ezikhula kwiidyasi ezimbini, ibhatyi yangaphantsi kunye neenwele zangaphandle. Ekupheleni kobusika, ingubo yangaphantsi iyawa.
Ibhere eliyiphola
Ibhere le-polar yenye yezona zilwanyana zaziwayo ze-arctic tundra. Ezi bhere zikhulu zimhlophe zineqweqwe elingqingqwa lamafutha omzimba kunye nengubo egxobhoza amanzi ukubanceda ukumelana nobushushu obubandayo elwandle nasemhlabeni. Bahlala kumkhenkce wolwandle kufutshane noLwandlekazi lweArtic kwaye uboya obusezantsi kweenyawo zabo buwanceda ekubambeni umkhenkce. Ngaphantsi koboya bazo obumhlophe, iibhere ezimhlophe zinesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama esinceda ukuthambisa imitha yelanga.
Ptarmigan
I-ptarmigan luhlobo lweentaka ezivela kusapho lwe-grouse. I-Ptarmigans ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba ziinkukhu zekhephu kuba zikhangeleka zifana neenkukhu. Baneenyawo ezinentsiba ngokupheleleyo ukubanceda ukuba bahlale beshushu. Ebusika, iintsiba zazo zimhlophe ukudityaniswa nekhephu, kodwa entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni iintsiba zazo ziba ngwevu okanye mdaka. Ukuze siphile ebusika obubandayo, ptarmigan umngxuma kwikhephu ukuze ulale.
Ixhama
Nangona i-caribou kunye ne-reindeer zizinto ezifanayo, kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zilwanyana zibini. I-Reindeer izalelwe emantla eYurophu nase Asia. Njenge-caribou, i-tundra reindeer ihamba itundra iyokutya ehlotyeni kwaye ishiye itundra ebusika. Iinwele zedyasi yazo yangaphandle zinemingxunya, ezinceda ukugquma imizimba yazo.
Ukwemba ikhephu
Ukuqunjelwa kwekhephu luhlobo lweentaka ngamanye amaxesha olubizwa ngokuba ngamahlwantsi ekhephu ngenxa yendlela ejongeka ngayo xa imihlambi ibhabha emoyeni nasemhlabeni. Umbala wabo omhlophe ngombala omnyama okanye omdaka, kuxhomekeke ekubeni bangabesifazana okanye abesilisa, kuyabanceda ukuba badibanise nomhlaba njengoko bezingela ukutya kwi-tundra entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ukuqhawulwa kwekhephu akuhlali kwindawo enetundra ebusika.
Isikhova esineqhwa
Isikhova esinekhephu sineentsiba ezimhlophe ezixutywe neentsiba ezimdaka ngombala okanye ezimnyama. Izikhova ezinekhephu zineenyawo ezinentsiba kunye neetalons ezibukhali zokubanceda bahlale beshushu kwaye bahambe kwiindawo ezinekhephu, njengamasebe. Ngelixa ezinye izikhova ezinekhephu zihlala kwitundra ebusika, ezinye zilandela imithombo yazo yokutya naphina apho ziya khona ebusika.
Ubomi kwiTundra
Ngelixa kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba izilwanyana zisinde kwaye zikhule kumaqondo obushushu aqandayo anomkhenkce onqabileyo kunye nekhephu, uninzi lwezilwanyana ezinkulu nezincinci zifumene iindlela zokuhlala kule tundra. Ukuba ukuthandile ukufunda ngezilwanyana ezomeleleyo zetundra, jonga okupholileyoizilwanyana zasentlangoeye yahlengahlengisa ukuhlala kubushushu obugqithisileyo. Unokuphinda ujongeiinyani ezinomdla zezilwanyanaukufunda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana.
