Ukufa kunye nemingcwabo e-Afrika isekwe nzulu kwiinkolelo, amasiko, kunye neenkolo zemveli zelizwekazi. Bakhokelwa luvo lwamaAfrika ngobukho emva kokufa kunye namandla nendima yokhokho oswelekileyo. Izithethe zavela ngokufakwa kobuKristu, ubuSilamsi kunye notshintsho lwala maxesha, kodwa imixholo yesiko isaphila eAfrika naphakathi kwabantu abanemvelaphi yaseAfrika kwiCaribbean naseMelika.
Iinkolelo Ngokufa kunye nokufa kwiNkcubeko yaseAfrika
Imephu yeAfrika
Ngoku ka IMacmillan Encyclopedia yokufa kunye nokufa , amasiko okusweleka eAfrika kukuqinisekisa ukuba umfi ubekwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze aphumleumoya wakheLuxolo kwaye angathatha indawo yakhe phakathi kwezinyanya ezikhuselayo. Amasiko abhiyozela kakhulu indima yabafi njengoko injalondililela ukudlula kwakhe,
Amanqaku afanelekileyo
- Igalari yeZipho zabaLilayo
- Iingcebiso malunga nokuYila iLitye lakho eliyintloko
- Iingoma ezi-20 eziPhezulu zokuNgcwaba abantu abaza kuZalana nazo
Ukungcwaba ngokuchanekileyo
Umngcwabo 'olungileyo' uqinisekisa ukuba isinyanya asihlali sikhathaza kwaye senza amandla ngaphezulu kwabaphilayo, kodwa siphumle ngoxolo sikhusele nosapho. Le nkolelo ivela kwingcamango eqhelekileyo yaseAfrika yokuba ubomi nokufa kuqhubeka nobukho, ngokufa kubonwa njengenye imeko yobukho. Ekufeni, umntu opheleleyo usaphila kodwa ngoku uhlala kwelemimoya kwaye unakouzalwe ngokutshakubantu abaliqela.
Ukuba umfi akangcwatywanga 'ngokuchanekileyo,' okanye umntu ebephila ubomi bokungabi nantloneloisiporhoUnokuhlala uyinxalenye yehlabathi labaphilayo kwaye uzulazule kwaye wenze ingozi. Ukongeza, amagqwirha, oosiyazi kunye nabangafanelekanga banokwaliwa umngcwabo 'ofanelekileyo'. Ngale ndlela, banqatshelwe ilungelo lokuba yinxalenye yoluntu lwezinyanya, indawo exabiseke kakhulu kwiinkolelo zaseAfrika.
Umahluko kwiiNkcubeko zeAfrika
Kwilizwekazi elikhulu laseAfrika, elinamazwe amaninzi kunye iinkolo zemveli , Iintlanga ezahlukeneyo okanye izizwe zineendlela zazo zokufa, nkqu nakwilizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukufana okuthile kwimixholo esisiseko ngenxa yeenkolelo zesiko ekwabelwana ngazo malunga nabafileyo kunye nentlonipho kwizinyanya. Isishwankathelo seenkcubeko zesizwe samaXhosa eMzantsi Afrika Umngcwabo kaMongameli uNelson Mandela ka-2013 ibonisa ezinye izithethe ezisisiseko.
Amasiko aseKhaya ngaphambi koMngcwabo
Amasiko okusweleka eAfrika aqala ngokulungisa ikhaya kwakamsinya emva kokuba umntu eswelekile kwaye esamkela abantu abaza kuhlonipha abafileyo. Ngokwe- IMacmillan Encyclopedia yokufa kunye nokufa Isalathiso, izithethe zasekhaya zihlala zibandakanya:
- Ukujikisa yonke imifanekiso ukuba ijonge eludongeni kwaye kugqunywe zonke izipili, iifestile kunye nemiphezulu ebonakalayo ukuze abafileyo bangaziboni. EMzantsi Afrika, iifestile zigalelwe ngothuthu.
- Ukususa ibhedi kwigumbi lokulala lomntu ongasekhoyo
- Ukubamba umlindo ekhayeni apho uluntu luphela luza kunika imbeko kwaye luthuthuzela nosapho
Ngexesha eliphambi kokungcwatywa, xa abantu abazilileyo befika ekhayeni, kunokubakho isikhalo esikhethekileyo esahlukileyo. Oku kunokuvakala kumgama njengoko kuchaziwe amava aseZambia . Kukwakho nokuhlanganiswa kokutya kunye nezinye izinto, ukupheka, ukutya, kunye nokunikezelwa kwemisebenzi ukulungiselela umngcwabo.
Ukususa umzimba kwiNdlu uyokumngcwaba
Amasiko okusweleka okususa umzimba endlwini awuse emakhazeni okanye kwindawo yokungcwaba yenzelwe ukudida abafileyo ukuze angakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya okanye endlwini kungekudala. Ezinye izithethe, ngokwe IMacmillan Encyclopedia yokufa nokufa, zibandakanya:
- Umngxunya eludongeni : Khupha umfi endlwini umngxuma oseludongeni endaweni yomnyango uze uvale loo mngxuma ukuze angakwazi ukuphinda angene. Oku kukwabonisa ukuba ngoku ulilungu lezinyanya.
- Iinyawo kuqala : Thatha iinyawo ezifileyo kuqala ukuze ajonge kude nendawo ekuyo indlu.
- Indlela yeZigzag : Thatha indlela egosogoso ukuya kwindawo yokungcwaba ukuze ubabhidise abaswelekileyo ukuba uzama ukubuyela ekhaya.
- Imiqobo : Phosa izithintelo ezinje ngameva, amasebe, okanye ezinye izithintelo endleleni, kwakhona ukuze kube nzima kuye ukufumana indlela egodukayo.
Amasiko okuNgcwaba eAfrika
Ngoku ka Iziko lokuNgcwaba iIgbo Namhlanje , Isizwe samaIgbo bakhetha ukungcwaba abafileyo babo ngokukhawuleza ukuze bajoyine izinyanya. Ezinye izizwe zinokulibazisa ukungcwatywa kude kufike usapho oluvela kude. Namhlanje, abanye abantu bakhetha ukugcina abafileyo babo kwindawo yokugcina izidumbu iiveki okanye iinyanga ngelixa belinde amalungu osapho ukuba eze, aqokelele iminikelo, okanye acwangcise umngcwabo omnandi.
Usuku lomngcwabo kuhlala kukho umngcelele oya kwindawo yokungcwaba, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, kuculwa kwaye kungqungqwa. Abaninzi bangcwaba abafileyo babo kumhlaba wosapho kwaye iyelenqe lisenokuba selikufutshane nendlu kodwa hayi ekutyalweni kwamasimi, bakholelwa ukuba izityalo azizukukhula I-Encyclopedia yeenkolo zaseAfrika .
Umngcwabo
Umngcelele womngcwabo
Umfi usongelwe empahleni yakhe yokungcwatywa kwaye ugqunywe ngolusu lwesilwanyana esixheliweyo. Kwamanye amaqela, umzimba usongelwe kwilinen. Izinto zobuqu zihlala zingcwatywa kunye nomfi ukumnceda kuhambo lwakhe. Inkqubo ye- Isizwe samaYoruba , umzekelo, zibandakanya ukutya, impahla, iintaka okanye ezinye izilwanyana, ngelixa ezinye izizwe zibandakanya imikhonto, amakhaka, okanye iimbiza neepani, ke lowo ungasekhoyo unakho konke akufunayo emva kokufa.
IMacmillan Encyclopedia yokufa kunye nokufa ithi emngcwabeni abantu bacela ukwenzelwa usapho, ukomeleza ubomi, kunye nokukhuselwa kwingxaki yomfi. Kunokubakho isiko lokubulala inkomo okanye inkomo ukuze ikwazi ukukhapha umntu ongasekhoyo kumhlaba wooyisemkhulu ('ukuzisa ikhaya'), kwaye wenze njengomkhuseli wabaphilayo.
Inkxaso yoluntu
Kuqhelekile ukuba umntu afele e-Afrika ukuzisa usapho, abanye babo bevela kude, kunye noluntu lonke ngokudibeneyo, ngokwe-thesis yobugqirha, Amasiko nokuzila kwiiLokishi zaseMzantsi Afrika zale mihla (iphepha 24). Rhoqo, uninzi lwabantu basekuhlaleni baya emngcwabeni ukuxhasa amalungu osapho.
ukuba ungathini ukuphelisa ubudlelwane
Ngokubanzi, usapho olusondeleyo luthe cwaka ngexesha lesiko lokungcwaba kwaye bahlala beme kwelinye icala lengcwaba, noluntu kwelinye. Amanye amaqela ayabathintela abantwana nabantu abangatshatanga ukuba baye emngcwabeni.
Amasiko emva komngcwabo kunye namasiko okulila
Ngokwencwadi Imingcwabo eAfrika: Ukuphononongwa kwezeNtlalo , amasiko okufa eAfrika awapheli xa kungcwatywa. Amasiko emva komngcwabo kunye namasiko okuzila angaqhubeka ixesha elide kwezinye iindawo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwi Umazantsi e-Sahara e-Afrika kumazwe afana neKenya neAngola. Le mibhiyozo inokuthi ibanzi, idlamke kwaye ibize.
Amasiko emva koMngcwabo
Emva komngcwabo, abantu babuyela kwikhaya losapho bayokutya. Amasiko nokuzila kwiiLokishi zaseMzantsi Afrika zale mihla (iphepha lama-26) ithi abantu kulindeleke ukuba bahlambe uthuli lwasemangcwabeni kwaye banokudlula kwisiko lokucoca. Abanye abazili bafaka iziqwenga zesityalo se-aloe emanzini njengoko kusithiwa kugxothwa ububi. AmaKristu anokufefa abalilayo ngamanzi angcwele ukuze abahlambulule.
Amasiko Olilo
Amasiko okulila anokuqhubeka ubuncinci iveki emva komngcwabo, amanqaku Amasiko nokuzila kwiiLokishi zaseMzantsi Afrika zale mihla . Ngexesha lokuzila ngokusesikweni amasiko nezithethe aquka:
- Ukungashiyi indlu okanye ukuzihlaziya
- Ukuphepha kwimicimbi yesondo
- Ukungathethi okanye ukuhleka kakhulu
- Ukunxiba iimpahla ezimnyama, ii-armbands okanye iziqwenga zelinen ezimnyama kwiingubo zomlili
- Amadoda nabafazi bosapho abacheba iinwele zabo, kubandakanya neenwele zobuso, ezifanekisela ukufa kunye nobomi obutsha
Abahlolokazi kulindeleke ukuba balile iinyanga ezintandathu kuye kunyaka kwaye abantwana abaphulukene nomzali kulindeleke ukuba balile iinyanga ezintathu. Emva kwesijwili esisemthethweni, usapho lunokuyeka ukunxiba mnyama. Usapho lunokubamba isithethe okanye lwenze indawo engcwele iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki emva komngcwabo ukuhlonipha nokuhlonipha abafileyo babo. Ngexesha elithile kamva, usapho lusenokubamba umsitho wokukhumbula umfi abe sisinyanya.
Ukucocwa kwesiko
Abantu baseAfrika bakholelwa ukuba nabani na okanye nantoni na edibana nabafi ayihlambulukanga okanye ingcolisiwe. Ngoku ka IMacmillan Encyclopedia yokufa kunye nokufa , amasiko okucoca aqala ngaphambi komngcwabo kwaye kwakhona malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe okanye nangaphezulu emva komngcwabo. Ukuhlanjululwa kwesiko kunokubandakanya:
- Isiko lokuhlanjululwa kwabafileyo ngaphambi komngcwabo Isizwe saseAshanti saseGhana Umzekelo, oyena mfazi mdala ukuba usapho luwuhlamba umzimba izihlandlo ezithathu, lome kwaye luwunxibe.
- Izinto ezichukumise umfi, kubandakanya ibhedi kunye neempahla, ziyahlanjwa.
- Izinto ebezisetyenziswa ngabafi, ezinje ngezitulo nezinto zokubasa, ziyabekwa kude kudlule ixesha lesiko lendawo lokuzila.
- Impahla yomntu ofileyo iyabotshwa kwaye igcinwe kude kuphele ukuzila, emva koko izinto zinikwe amalungu osapho okanye zitshiswe.
- Emva kwexesha, ngokwesiko lasekuhlaleni, indlu namalungu osapho bayacocwa, okuhlala kubandakanya amayeza, ukususa ilishwa kunye 'nobumnyama.'
Isilwanyana sinokubingelelwa ngexesha lokuhlanjululwa kwekhaya kunye nosapho kwaye kwakhona malunga nenyanga kamva ukuze uphumle umphefumlo womfi.
Indaleko yeZithethe
Izithethe zokufa kwabantu baseAfrika zavela xa iinkolelo zemveli zaseAfrika zaphikiswa kwaye zaguqulwa ngokusasazeka kwe AmaSilamsi kunye nobuKristu kwilizwekazi. Okwangoku, kude kube sekuqalekeni kweminyaka yoo-1900 kwamanye amazwe, afana neendawo zaseKenya kunye neeCameroons, 'abantu abangabalulekanga' kunye nabaselula babenganikwanga mingcwabo, kodwa endaweni yoko, bashiyelwa iingcuka.
Kweminye imimandla, yimizila nje yezithethe zesintu ezihlala ziphantsi kweemfundiso zekoloniyali, kodwa inkolelo yesiko kwintsingiselo yokufa, ubomi basemva kwendawo, kunye nendawo yookhokho abadala eqhubeka e-Afrika. Inkqubo ye- Urhwebo ngamakhoboka eAfrika izise ezi nkolelo namasiko kwihlabathi elitsha. Amakhoboka avumelekile ukuba enze amasiko abo okusweleka kunye nezinto eziguqukileyo zokuziphatha okujongwa ikakhulu eNtshona Afrika eMelika kunye neCaribbean, kunye Amasiko okufa aseJamaican ukuba ngumzekelo olungileyo.
Izithethe eziGwenxa
Ngokwencwadi, Imingcwabo eAfrika: Ukuphononongwa kweNtlalo Ubume , ukutshintsha kwefuthe kwezentlalo nakwezopolitiko nako kukhokelela ekwandeni kokugabadela kwesiko lokufa elixhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika yanamhlanje. Imizekelo yoku yayisele iqatshelwe ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuya kweye-18 kwiindawo ezifana neGold Coast kunye namanxweme amakhoboka, naseAngola, Kinshasa naseCongo (Brazzaville) ukuze kungcwatywe abantu 'ababalulekileyo'.
Namhlanje, kwimimandla ethile, enje nge-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara, amasiko okufa anganwenwa kwaye abize iindleko kwimicimbi yezentlalo. Ukugqithisa kunokubonwa kumalungiselelo angaphambi kokungcwaba kwaye iibhokisi ezinomdla , kwizililo, nakwiziganeko zesikhumbuzo, ezinokuhlala iminyaka. Oku kwahlukile kunenkcubeko yokufa yabucala kunye nokuzola kwiYurophu yanamhlanje nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona.
Iinkulungwane zeNkcubeko
Njengesiko lokufa kuninziezinye iinkcubeko, Amasiko okufa aseAfrika atshone kwizithethe zawo, iinkolelo zenkcubeko kunye neenkolo zomthonyama kwilizwekazi kangangeenkulungwane. Nangona iimpembelelo zonqulo nezala maxesha zizisa utshintsho kumasiko esiqhelo okufa, uninzi lwezinto zexa elidlulileyo ziyasinda eAfrika nakwizithethe zokufa zabantu abanemvelaphi yaseAfrika kwihlabathi elitsha.
