Umbuzo wokuba ingaba ikholeji yasekholejini yenza imali yinto enzima. Ngelixa ujonga nje kuqala, kunokubonakala ngathi impendulo iyacaca, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ibhola ekholejini ayikhawulelwanga kwizikolo ezinamagama amakhulu ezineenkqubo eziphezulu kunye neentshatsheli. Nkqu nezikolo ezithatha imali eninzi enxulumene nebhola ekhatywayo ayizisi ngaphezu kokuchitha.
Imithombo yeNgeniso yeBhola ekhatywayo yeNgeniso
Iinkqubo zebhola ekhatywayo zekholeji zinokuvelisa ingeniso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthengwa kwetikiti, inkxaso-mali yenkampani, izibonelelo, iifizi zokufumana amaphepha-mvume, iikhontrakthi zikamabonwakude, iminikelo yealumni, imikhankaso eyinkunzi, iifizi zembaleki zabafundi kwaye, kubambalwa abambalwa, iifizi zomdlalo wesitya okanye Umngxunya wokugqibela / wengeniso yobuntshatsheli .
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Izikhundla zeBhola ekhatywayo zichaziwe
- Imisebenzi yebhola ekholejini
- Ukuqonda iCandelo leeMbaleki zeKholeji
Imali eninzi itshintsha izandla kwilizwe lebhola ekhatywayo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ngaphakathi kwiinkomfa zamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha isixa esikhulu semali yebhola ekhatywayo akuthethi ukuba inkqubo yebhola ekhatywayo yesikolo inenzuzo. Iinkqubo zebhola ekhatywayo ezinenzuzo asiyomthetho; ngaphandle kwabo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi Amaxesha oShishino lwaMazwe ngaMazwe , 'Uninzi lweeyunivesithi zikarhulumente zilahlekelwa yimali kwiinkqubo zazo zemidlalo.'
Imbono yeXesha eliKhulu
Ukuya ku-2015 IWashington Post Inqaku lithi, 'Amasebe ezemidlalo asekholejini enza imali eninzi kunangaphambili ... kodwa amasebe amaninzi alahlekelwa yimali engaphezulu kunakuqala.' Oku kuyinyani kuzo zozibini izikolo ezithatha imali eninzi, kunye nezo zithatha kancinci. Ilahleko zinokubangelwa yingeniso ephantsi kwezinye iimeko, kodwa kwezinye, inxulumene nokongeza amanqaku eedola eziphezulu, ukuphuculwa kwebala lezemidlalo, izikhundla ezongezelelekileyo zolawulo, iijethi zeshishini lokugaya iihambo kunye nokunye.
Ingeniso yeXesha eliKhulu
Ngoku ka Imidlalo ye-CBS Izikolo ezingama-65 ezikwi-'Power Five '(okt, ezizezona zityebileyo) iinkomfa zezemidlalo, eziyinkomfa ye-Mpuma-mpuma (i-SEC), iBig 10, i-PAC- 12, iBig 12 kunye neNkomfa yoNxweme yeAtlantic (i-ACC), edityaniswe neNotre Dame, yathatha $ 6.3 yezigidigidi kwimali iyonke yesebe lemidlalo yonyaka ka-2014/2015. Uninzi lwale rhafu lunokubangelwa kwibhola ekhatywayo.
Kwezi zikolo zingama-65, ezingama-28 zafumana ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100 yezigidi kwisikolo ngasinye (ngokwemali yengeniso yeembaleki- hayi ibhola ekhatywayo kuphela), esekwe kuhlalutyo lwe-CBS lwedatha evela kwi-Ofisi yeSebe leMfundo lase-United States kwi-Postsecondary Education. Ngexesha le-2011/2012, zizikolo ezili-11 kuphela ezizise ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100 yezigidi kwingeniso yeembaleki. Olo lonyuko olukhulu, ikakhulu olunxulunyaniswa nento echazwa yi-CBS 'njengokufakwa kweKholeji yeBhola ekhatywayo yePlayoff dollar kunye nokunyusa imali kamabonakude.' (I Ukudlala ibhola ekholejini iqale ngexesha lika-2014/2015).
Ngoku ka Forbes , IYunivesithi yaseTexas kuphela kwesikolo esakha saphumelela i-100 yezigidi zeerandi yamanqaku ebhola ekhatywayo. Ixesha le-2014/2015 liphawule unyaka wesine ii-Longhorns zigqithile kulo mlinganiso, zizisa i-121 yezigidi zeerandi ngaloo nyaka. Eli nani lingaphezulu kweendleko zenkqubo yebhola ekhatywayo kwaye inegalelo elibonakalayo kwiindleko zemidlalo ngokubanzi.
Ukuchitha imali ukwenza imali
Inkqubo ye- IWashington Post Uhlalutye iingxelo zezemali ze-NCAA zezikolo ezingama-48 kwinkomfa 'yamandla amahlanu'. Uhlalutyo lwabo luveze ukuba ingeniso yesebe lezemidlalo kwezo zikolo inyuke ukusuka kwi-2.6 yezigidigidi ukuya kwi-4.5 yezigidigidi ukusuka ku-2004 ukuya ku-2014. Nangona kunjalo, ama-25 kula masebe angama-48 alahlekelwe yimali (okt, esebenza ngombala obomvu) ngo-2014.
Inkqubo ye- IWashington Post Iqaqambisa inkcitho ephambili ukubonisa inkcitho:
- IYunivesithi yaseAuburn ichithe i-13.9 yezigidi zeedola kwibhodi yamanqaku entsha.
- URutgers wachitha i-102 yezigidi zeedola ukwandisa ibala lakhe lebhola.
- IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eBerkley yongeze i-23.4 yezigidi zemboleko mboleko ezinxulumene nezakhiwo zemidlalo.
- IYunivesithi yaseWisconsin inyuse inkcitho kulondolozo lwezixhobo zeembaleki nge- $ 27.7 yezigidi (ngaphezulu kokunyuka kwama-300%).
Ngaphandle kweXesha eliKhulu
Ewe kunjalo, kukho amawaka eenkqubo zekholeji zebhola ekhatywayo ngaphandle kwe 'Power Five' ezingenandawo ikufutshane nengeniso enokubakho yeenkqubo ezinkulu zexesha. Ngelixa bezisa imali, abayifumani inzuzo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba benze njalo. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi IWashington Post inqaku, 'uninzi lweekholeji ezingaphezu kwe-4,000 kunye neeyunivesithi zaseMelika, amasebe ezemidlalo kufuneka aphulukane nemali.' Zenzelwe ukutyebisa amava okuhlangana kwabafundi.
Intsomi yokwenza imali
Ngokwe- IBhunga laseMelika leMfundo (ACE), umbono wokuba imidlalo yasekholejini yenza imali yintsomi. Nokuba ibhola iyijikisa ingeniso, loo mali ihlala ihamba iye kuhlawula iindleko ezinxulumene neminye imidlalo. Ngokwe- I-Texas Tribune , 'Iqela lebhola eliphumeleleyo linokuxhasa isebe lezemidlalo liphela.' Nangona kunjalo, rhoqo kuninzi, iinkqubo zeekholeji zeembaleki azixhomekeki ngokupheleleyo, nkqu nemali yebhola. Kwipapasho yeendaba ka-2014, i NCAA Ichaze inkcitho yesebe lezemidlalo egqithileyo kwingeniso kuzo zonke kodwa kwahlulwa-hlulwa kwezikolo ezingama-20 zeBhola ekhatywayo (iCandelo I) kuzo zonke izikolo zeCandelo II no-III.
IiNkqubo zeMbaleki eziZimeleyo
Ngo-2012, i-ACE ibonise kuphela iinkqubo ezisibhozo zemidlalo yaseyunivesithi yoluntu ezibandakanya iindleko (kuzo zonke iinkqubo zeembaleki, hayi nje ibhola ekhatywayo) okanye zaqhekeka. Ezi zikolo zisibhozo, ezichazwa yi-ACE njenge 'elite fraternity,' zingamalungu eBig Ten, Big 12 kunye ne-SEC. Bazi:
- IYunivesithi yaseLouisiana State (LSU)
- IYunivesithi yasePennsylvania State (iPenn State)
- KwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgia
- KwiYunivesithi yaseIowa
- KwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan
- KwiYunivesithi yaseNebraska
- KwiYunivesithi yase-Oklahoma
- KwiYunivesithi yaseTexas
Kwezi zikolo, iinkqubo zeembaleki zazisa imali eyoneleyo kwi-2012 ukuhlawula iindleko zazo ngaphandle kokufuna inkxaso yezemali eyunivesithi. Ngokwe-ACE, uninzi lwayo mali lunokubalelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhola ekhatywayo.
Eyona nto intle ayithethi ukuba yeyona Inenzuzo
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba izikolo zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lweeyunivesithi ze-ACE ezineenkqubo zemidlalo ezizincedayo ayizizo ezokuqala ukufika engqondweni xa ucinga ngeenkqubo zebhola eziphezulu. Akukho nanye kwezi zikolo enayo uphumelele ubuntshatsheli mva nje . Owokugqibela kolu luhlu ukuphumelela ubuntshatsheli yi-LSU, kwaye yayikho ngo-2007.
Ukusukela ngo-2007, ukhuphiswano lobuntshatsheli kuzwelonke luphumelele iYunivesithi yaseAlabama, iYunivesithi yaseOhio State, iYunivesithi yaseFlorida, iYunivesithi yaseAuburn kunye neDyunivesithi yaseFlorida. Ezi zikolo zizisa ingeniso ebalulekileyo enxulumene nebhola ekhatywayo, ukanti iinkqubo zazo zemidlalo ngokubanzi zisafuna inkxaso eyunivesithi.
Imizekelo enomdla ekhankanyiweyo EthosReview.org zibandakanya:
- IYunivesithi yaseAlabama: Ingeniso yebhola ekhatywayo yeYunivesithi yaseAlabama yayili- $ 110 yezigidi ngexesha lonyaka ka-2011-2012, ngokuchasene ne- $ 41.5 yezigidi kwiindleko zokusebenza kunye ne- $ 13 yezigidi kwiindleko zenkonzo yamatyala. Ke, inkqubo yebhola ekhatywayo izise isixa esikhulu semali-ngaphezulu kakhulu kuneendleko zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, eninzi loo mali yaya kuxhasa ezinye iinkqubo zeembaleki zesikolo. Ngaphandle kwebhola yomnyazi, zonke ezinye iinkqubo zeembaleki esikolweni zisebenza ngelahleko.
- IYunivesithi yaseMarshall: Kwesi sikolo sincinci kakhulu, iindleko kunye nenkcitho enxulumene nebhola ikufutshane nokuba nokuba lixesha lonyaka ka-2011-2012. Nangona inkqubo yebhola ekhatywayo izise isixa esincinci sengeniso kunenkqubo yeAlabama, umdlalo uye wazixhasa. Isikolo siyizise ngaphezulu nje kwe- $ 7,760,000 kwingeniso yebhola ekhatywayo ingaphantsi nje kwe- $ 7,100,000 kwiindleko zebhola. Imali yebhola ekhatywayo yayifumaneka ukucwangcisa ezinye iinkqubo zeembaleki, kodwa kuphela sisixa esincinci xa kuthelekiswa negama elikhulu, isikolo sebhola esinengeniso ephezulu.
Eminye iMicimbi yezeMali ekufuneka uyiqwalasele
Ukuhlalutya iidola kunye neesenti ezichazwe ngqo kwibhola ekhatywayo kunye nenkqubo yembaleki yeendleko kunye neengeniso kubalulekile, kodwa xa uqwalasela ukuba ibhola ekholejini yenza imali kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iimpembelelo. Njenge Ngaphakathi Ed Inqaku libonisa, ukuba nenkqubo yebhola ekhatywayo enempumelelo kungakhokelela ekwandeni kwezicelo zokwamkelwa esikolweni. A USA Namhlanje Inqaku likwalatha ukuba ibhola inika umanyano kumzimba wabafundi, ichaphazela 'inkcubeko yekampus' kwaye ikhokelela kwimiboniso 'yekratshi lesikolo.'
Ezi zinto zinokuba nefuthe elihle kwezemali ezikolweni malunga nokwanda kwamanani obhaliso, ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwabafundi kunye (ezantsi kwendlela) iminikelo yabafundi. Oku, ewe, akubonisi kuhlalutyo lweenjongo zemali engenayo nephuma kwisebe lezemidlalo.
Impembelelo yezeMali kwiBhola ekhatywayo
Inyani yile kwikholeji yebhola ekhatywayo yenze imali kwezinye izikolo, kodwa ayizizo zonke. Izikolo ezingenzi mali kwezemidlalo zingaphezulu lee kunezo zenzayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuzisa imali nokwenza imali (okt ukuguqula inzuzo) zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukubeka nje, ukujonga iidola kunye neesenti ayixeleli ibali elipheleleyo ngexabiso lebhola ekhatywayo.
