Imbali yoMdaniso weJazz

Amagama Aphezulu Ebantwaneni

Umdanisi weJazz wale mihla

IJazz, umdaniso, ulingelo, ifomu yasimahla kunye nolwelo njengejazz, umculo. Yindibaniselwano, iyavela, iyavuya. Kwaye, njengomculo, umdaniso wejeziyifomu yobugcisa yaseMelika eneempembelelo ezivela kuyo yonke indawo. Iintshukumo ezigudileyo nezingqinelanayo zejazz zihlala zimalunga nokusebenza.





Iintshukumo zoqobo

IJazz yaphuma e-Afrika-ingeniso engaziwayo eMelika kunye nentengiso yamakhoboka. Abantu baseAfrika babetshone kwiinkcubeko ezityebileyo ze-somatic apho umdaniso wawungcwele kunye nesiko lokubhiyozela. EMelika, umdaniso waseAfrika wawulukwa ngemisitho yenkolo nakwiindibano zasekuhlaleni kwaye wakhonza ukugcina imeko yesazisi kunye nembali yobuqu. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1600 ukuya phambili, imiboniso engacacanga kunye neenjongo zomdaniso oqhushumbo, ovusa inkanuko, osisiseko kunye nesingqisho ubambe umbono woluntu. Akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi kokuba abavukuzi abahamba bekopa ubuchwephesha, kubandakanya into eyenziwayo yenkcubeko kwimiboniso egxothayo, ehlekisayo. Kodwa umdaniso wase-Afrika wawuchasa ubuhlanga-wawunokulukuhla kakhulu kwaye unyanzelisa ukuhlazisa nokulahla. Endaweni yoko, izimbo zafudukela eVaudeville, emva koko zabanzi, ngendlela ekhuthazayo kunye nokuguqula ibhaleyi kunye nophuhliso lomdaniso langoku.

Amanqaku afanelekileyo
  • Iinkcukacha ezimnandi ngoMdaniso
  • Izixhobo ze studio soMdaniso
  • Imifanekiso yabaDanisi beBallet

Yonke loo ndlela

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 nakwiminyaka yoo-1900, umdaniso ogqityiweyo ongashukumiyo wakhupha iifashoni ezinje ngeCharleston, Jitterbug, Cakewalk, iBlack Bottom, iBoogie Woogie, iSwing kunye neLindy Hop. Umculo weJazz wawuboleka izingqisho kumculo waseAfrika, ngakumbi ukubetha, kunye nokuyila iifom ezintsha. INew Orleans yayisisiseko sokuyilwa kweblues, i-spirituals, i-ragtime, imatshi kunye nezandi zeTin Pan Alley. Ngo-1817, iNew Orleans yabeka bucala indawo ebizwa ngokuba yipaki ICongo Square yomdaniso waseAfrika kunye nokuphuculwa komculo. Lowo yayingumhlaba wembewu kwiimvumi ezininzi zejazz kunye nabadlali kwaye bakhonza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokuqala kwenye yezona zinto zithunyelwa kakhulu eNew Orleans, uhlobo lobugcisa baseMelika olubizwa ngokuba yijazz. Kodwa umdaniso uqhubekile nokuvela, ubukhulu becala uzinze kwisitayile esidlamkileyo esaziwa ngokuba ngumdaniso wejazz ngoku esibhala itephu. Iingqungquthela zanyanzelisa i-ballet yaseYurophu yaseYurophu ngokusemthethweni, yongeza ngokucacileyo i-American twist kumdaniso wenkundla kwaye iholele kwiifom zokudanisa ezixubileyo ezavela phakathi kwekhulu lama-20.





Ngubani ofumene iBeat

Ngama-1930, uJack Cole, ongumdanisi oqeqeshiweyo wale mihla, waqala ukongeza iimpembelelo ezivela kwi-East Indian kunye nomdaniso wase-Afrika kukhetho lwakhe. Waba yimpembelelo ebalulekileyo kwezinye zeenkosi zenkulungwane yama-20 zentsebenzo yejezi, ezazikhanyisela iHollywood kunye neBroadway ngeentshukumo zazo ezintsha nezonwabisayo. Cole waqeqesha ikhontrakthi yaseHollywood kwisitayile sakhe se-jazzy, kubandakanya uGwen Verdon, oza kuqhubeka nokukhumbula kunye noBob Fosse odumileyo, kunye noChita Rivera ongalawulekiyo. Abadanisi beJazz babengengabo abadlali abanetalente. Babeqeqeshwe kakhulu-kwi-ballet, kule mihla kwaye bethepha. Umdaniso weJazz wawuthatha indawo yawo ecaleni kweefom zomdaniso 'ezisemthethweni' kwaye wangqina intengiso kuyo yonke indawo yolonwabo.

Amasebe ukuphuma kunye nokukhula

Ukuqokelelwa kweqela labadlali abaza kudlala ngokungaguqukiyo kuguqule iifom zejazz ezingamanzi.



  • UKatherine Dunham -Kususela ngeminyaka yoo-1930 ukuya phambili, uDunham wahlanganisa imidaniso awayeyibonile kuhambo lwe-anthropological oluya eCaribbean nase-Afrika lokufunda umdaniso wesizwe kwi-ballet- kunye neziqwenga zangoku ezijolise kwiinkampani zakhe.
  • UDunham, naye, waphembelela UAlvin Ailey , Ochoreographic imisebenzi engapheliyo kwinkampani yakhe njenge IZityhilelo , yaqala ngo-1960, yaza yaseta Isidalwa sasebusuku kwijazz yeklasikhi kaDuke Ellington. U-Ailey wangenisa ivangeli, i-blues kunye ne-African-American ngokomoya kunye nomdaniso wale mihla ngenxa yejazzy riff yakhe eyaziwayo kumdaniso wesintu wale mihla.
  • UMichael Kidd , owayeyimvumi yeAmerican Ballet Theatre, wayenesipho esingaqhelekanga sokujonga ibali le-balletic ngokusebenzisa iilensi zemihla ngemihla. Wadibanisa umdaniso weklasikhi obabazekayo kunye nezenzo zeposaic zebali awayelisebenzisela ukonwabisa abaphulaphuli ngeengoma ezingafaniyo Umnyama kaFinian (Ngo-1947), Abafana neeDoli (1950) kunye nomculo waseHollywood Abafazi abasixhenxe babantakwabo abasixhenxe (Ngo-1954).
  • UJerome Robbins Wayenesiphiwo sokugcina kwaye watshata nothando lwakhe lokuqala, ibhaleyi, kunye neenombolo ze-jazz ezisekwe kwinyani eziqinisekisa indawo yakhe phakathi kwe-Broadway engafiyo. Intsebenziswano yakhe yokuqala noLeonard Bernstein ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940 yayilinani elincinci elinabahambi abathathu elunxwemeni lekhefu, elibizwa Fancy Simahla. Oko kukhokelele ku-raft wemiboniso ye-Broadway ethandwayo kubandakanya KwiDolophu, iNdaba eseNtshona, uKumkani kunye nam, iGypsy, uPeter Pan, ndibize uMadam, kwaye Umgcini ophahleni, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi ezibanzi, ifilimu kunye nomsebenzi we-ballet. Isitayile sokusayinwa kukaRobbins sazibophelela kwiinqwelomoya zefantasy, umdaniso wesintu kunye nokuhamba kwezitalato ezenza ukuba imidaniso yakhe yejezi ingalibaleki.

I-raft yootitshala abaziwayo bayitshintshile indlela abadanisi bejazz abaqeqesha ngayo kwaye bahamba, phakathi kwabo:

  • U-Luigi (u-Eugene Louis Faccuito) wabekelwa ecaleni kwimidlalo yokudanisa yase-Hollywood ngengozi enkulu eyamshiya ekhubazekile. Ukuziqhelanisa nomdaniso awaqambe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940 ukuzinceda ukuba azihlaziye kwabethwa kwangoko nabanye abadanisi, abazisebenzisayo kwizitudiyo namhlanje- ishunqulelo sendalo iphela yendlela yejazz. Luigi I-jazz edibeneyo ihamba, eyamenza i-kudos engapheliyo 'njengoyise we-jazz yeklasi.'
  • UGus Giordano Ukwafumene udumo oluhlala luhleli phakathi kwabadanisi bejazz ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ngefreestyle yakhe, kunye nentloko kunye nesisu esizimeleyo. Kodwa uyaziwa ngokudala i-Jazz Dance World Congress kunye nokunyanzela i-jazz ukuba ifumane i-laurels njengefom yobugcisa eyaziwayo. Isikolo sokudanisa esisekwe eChicago, sifundisa ngobuchule bakhe obudumileyo.

UBob Fosse

Apho ukuqala khona UBob Fosse ? Mhlawumbi ngokuqhekeka komhlaba kwe-jazz choreography 'yoBushushu boBushushu' kwi-Broadway's 1954 smash hit, Umdlalo wePajama . UFosse ngokwakhe wayeyimvelaphi yaseMelika, omnye wabantwana abathandathu owachukumisa indlela yakhe yokufunda esikolweni njengendoda ekuphela kwayo eklasini, yathatha ibhaleyi, ijazi, ukumatsha, i-cancan, umdaniso we-gypsy, iholo yemveli yesiNgesi kunye neRaft yezinye iindlela eyafumana indlela yabo kwimidaniso yakhe. Isimbo sakhe esitsha sidibanisa ubuhle bukaFred Astaire kunye nomdlalo ohlekisayo wevaudeville kunye ne-burlesque. Uyakwazi ukubona ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha beFosse, obudumileyo baba yinto enjalo Umdlalo wePajama, iDamn Yankees, Isisa esimnandi, Ungaphumelela njani kwiShishini ngaphandle kokuzama ngokwenene, iPippin, iCabaret, eChicago , kunye Yonke loo Jazz , ukusuka kwimayile enye. Ukuguqula amadolo kunye neenzwane, ukuqengqeleka kwamagxa, ukugoba okanye ukuvula izandla ezigobileyo, iminqwazi yokubhowula, isitokhwe sentlanzi, ukubekwa bucala kwethambo, ihenjisi evela esinqeni, iFosse ithatha ulawulo olugqibeleleyo. Kunzima ukuyenza kwaye uyathandeka xa usenze kakuhle- uqeqesho oluninzi lomdaniso onalo, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nakho ukuphatha ubuqhetseba obunobunzima beFosse.

indlela yokwenza itawuli izilwanyana

Broadway kunye no Breakin '

Jonga iBroadway, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwintsebenzo yejazz namhlanje, kwaye uyakufumana ukudibana kwintyatyambo epheleleyo. Imvuselelo yakutshanje ye IPippin Ukulungelelanisa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bukaFosse kwii-aircs zeesekisi kunye nee-acrobatics. Ingonyama King ifuthe kakhulu kule mihla. Amakati Ngokwenyani ngokwesiko i-jazzy, kunye nabadanisi banamhlanje kunye nabadanisi be-ballet belingisa ukuhamba kweefimin. Hamilton yongeza ihip hop kwincasa. Xa ukwaphuka komtshato kuza kwi-Broadway, iziphumo zi-hybrid yamandla aphakamileyo- iyilotta jazz iphela. Ukufundisa, ukuphuma, ukuhamba kwenyanga kunye nezinye izimbo zehip hop zivela kubaphambukeli besiya eSouth Bronx bevela eGambia, Mali naseSenegal, amazwe akwiNtshona Afrika, ke jazz ayiphambuki naye kude neengcambu zayo. Yile nto ungayenza-ukuba nje intshukumo iyacinga kwaye inyani, abaphulaphuli bahlala bethabathekile. Umtsalane wesingqisho kunye neminqweno yobukrelekrele kumngqungqo wokudanisa kwaye yenza ukuba abantu baqhwabe izandla rhoqo, nokuba kuseqongeni, esitratweni okanye kwiscreen.



Ivelaphi apha

Akukho mida kwizikhombisi ze-jazz choreographer ezinokuthi zihlolisise-i-jazz yangomso ayizange icingelwe namhlanje. Kodwa inye into eqinisekileyo: eyothusayo, emangalisayo, engalibalekiyo kunye nomdaniso wejazz ogcina ingqondo uza kuhlala uzihlaziya kwaye ufumane abalandeli abatsha. Ayinakuphelelwa yinto ekrwada. IJazz injengeMelika njengepie yeapile, i-mishmash yeenkcubeko zehlabathi kunye nokuphefumlelwa kukhutshiwe kwimo enye enomdla onokufumana kunzima ukuyichaza kodwa uya kuhlala uyibona xa uyibona.

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