Inkqubo yokuntshula ngokwamanqanaba okuzala kwesityalo seembotyi ngumbono onomdla kwimijikelo yobukumkani bezityalo. Ukuqonda umjikelo wobomi kunokukunceda ube ngumgadi wegadi ongcono.
Imijikelo yoBomi kunye naManqanaba eSityalo seMbotyi
Kukho amanqanaba amane kwi ubomi besityalo seembotyi :
- Imbewu sisiqwenga apho kugcinwa khona isityalo esitsha.
- Ukudubula yinkqubo apho isityalo somntwana sivela khona kwibala lembewu.
- Ukukhula kwamagqabi kuqala xa isithole sikhula ngokwamagqabi aso amadala (ngokuchasene nokwakhiwa kwamagqabi okuqala).
- Amanqanaba okudubula abonisa ukuba isityalo sikhule ngokupheleleyo kwaye sikulungele ukuqalisa ukuzala.
- Imifanekiso Yokhula Engca
- Ukuchonga izitshabalalisi zegadi
- Imifanekiso yasimahla Yemifuno Yemifuno
Inqanaba leMbewu yeMbotyi
Iimbotyi zivelisa a Iimbewu ezahlukeneyo , nganye ifihlwe ngaphakathi kwesidudu. Njengokuba idumba livuthwa kwizityalo, liyoma lize lahlukane phakathi elangeni. Imbewu iya kuthi ekugqibeleni iwele kubunzima, bomile, ipod emhlabeni - okanye abalimi banokuzisusa ukuze zigcinwe okanye zityalwe kamva.
Imbewu yeembotyi inezinto ezibini ezibizwa ngokuba ziicotyledons. Icotyledon nganye inendawo yokutya yesityalo esivelayo. Izityalo ezintsha zeembotyi zinokuphila ngokutya okugciniweyo kwi-cotyledon kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ukuba kukho imfuneko, de zibe nokufikelela kwizakhamzimba emhlabeni.
Umzekelo weBean Green
Umzekelo, iimbotyi ezithe tyaba, ezinje ngee ertyisi ezincinci ezincinanana, zivela kwimbotyi eluhlaza. Leyo yimbewu engekavuthwa, kuba uninzi lweembotyi eziluhlaza okanye ezikhawulezayo ziyavunwa ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe nzima nangona kunjalo Iindidi zaseNtaliyane yeembotyi eziluhlaza zivunwa ngembewu esele ikhulile.
Isigaba sokuhluma
Ukudubula kubhekisa kwimbewu njengoko iqala ukuhluma. Imbewu yeembotyi iyantshula, okanye ihlume, xa amanzi enyibilika okanye kuqhekeka kuvula indawo enzima ejikeleze imbewu okanye umbungu. Ukufudumala kukhawulezisa inkqubo kunye. Ibhontshisi iyakuthumela ingcambu encinci (embryonic) ebizwa ngokuba ngumthamo.
I-Casing Split kunye nokukhula kwengcambu
Emva kokuqhekeka kwesisele, into yokuqala ukuvela kwimbewu yeembotyi ziingcambu. Kancinci, iingcambu ziyavela kwimbewu, ukufikelela kufume kunye nezondlo. Iingcambu zikhangeleka ngathi yimisonto emhlophe njengoko ikhula ivela kwimbewu yeembotyi.
Lungisa umhlaba ngexesha lokuhluma
Njengayo yonke imifuno, iimbotyi zifuna umhlaba otyebileyo. Xa uqala igadi yemifuno, kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlaba kwaye uqhubeke uzalise izondlo zawo. Ukutyala imbewu yeembotyi kumhlaba olungileyo wegadi olungiswe ngomgquba kunceda iingcambu zifumane izakha mzimba kwangoko. Njengokuba iingcambu zisihla, batsala amanzi nezondlo emhlabeni ziye kwimbewu ngokwayo. Ngokuthe chu, imbewu ifumana oko ikufunayo ukuze ingene kwinqanaba elilandelayo lomjikelo wobomi: ukukhula kwamagqabi.
Ukukhula kwamagqabi
Emva kwe- imbewu iyantshula kwaye neengcambu ziyakhula, isityalo seembotyi siqala ukutyhalela ngaphandle isiqu esinye. Njengokuba isiqu siphuma emhlabeni, kuvela amagqabi amabini amancinane. Amagqabi okuqala ukuphuma kwisityalo seembotyi awakhangeleki njengamagqabi esityalo seembotyi esiqhelekileyo. Zijikelezwe, kwaye zinceda isityalo ukuba sikhule ngokukhawuleza sibe sisityalo esomeleleyo, esivuthiweyo.
- La magqabi (abizwa ngokuba ziicotyledon) avela ngaphezulu komhlaba, ngokuchasene nomgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba oqhelekileyo kwezinye izityalo, kwaye adityaniswe nembewu.
- Isiqu (hypocotyl) simisela imbewu kunye neecotyledon ngokuqinileyo emhlabeni.
- Isibini sokuqala samagqabi sinika ifotosinthesisi yesithole. Ziyayeka msinyane nje ukuba amagqabi aqolileyo avele.
Ngaphakathi kwamagqabi kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo eziqulathe iklorofili, eguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngamandla asebenzisekayo kwisityalo. Njengokuba isityalo sifumana ubushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nekhabhon dayoksayidi, iyakwazi ukuguqula ezi zinto zibe sisondlo sokukhula kunye nolondolozo. Amagqabi amatsha ayavela, kwaye kungekudala sonke isityalo siyenziwa.
Umjikelo weentyatyambo
Ukuphela kobomi besityalo sembotyi kuyadubula. Iintyatyambo ziyinxalenye yokuzala yesityalo, kwaye izityalo ziqala ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba zikwazi ukwenza njalo. Ixesha lithatha isityalo sembotyi kwintyatyambo siyahluka ngokweendidi zembotyi, kodwa ngokubanzi kwiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo zokuhluma uyakuqala ukubona iintyatyambo kwimbotyi. Njengokuba iintyatyambo zisasazwa ipoleni okanye zichumisiswa, imidumba yembewu iyavela.
Izityalo zeembotyi intyatyambo kwaye usete imidumba yembewu evuthiweyo ngaxeshanye. Oku kuqhelekile kusapho lwezityalo ezinemidumba. Iimbewu zemidumba zivuthwa kwaye zicholwa ukuba zityiwe ngabantu okanye ziyekwe kwisityalo ukuze zivuthwe zome elangeni. Iibhontshisi ezomileyo zivelisa iimbotyi zokugcina okanye zokupheka, okanye iipods zahlulwe ngokwendalo ngokuhamba kwexesha zize ziwise iimbotyi emhlabeni. Oko kubuyisela umjikelo wobomi besityalo seembotyi kwindawo yaso kwakhona, imbewu, kwaye umjikelo uqala ngokutsha.
Ukulima ngeeMbotyi
Iimbotyi lulongezo olukhulu kuwo nawuphi na umyezo kuba ezi zityalo azivelisi izityalo zokutya kuphela, zilungisa initrogen emhlabeni ukuphucula umhlaba. Yongeza iimbotyi ezimbalwa kwisiqwengana sakho kwaye ubukele umlingo usenzeka ngaphezulu nangaphantsi komhlaba.
