Inkcubeko Yasekhaya yaseMexico

Yonke inkcubeko inesiseko esikhethekileyo semilinganiselo, izithethe kunye nemilinganiselo. Inkcubeko ngokubanzi yeentsapho zaseMexico inesiseko esomeleleyo kubunye. Njengayo nayiphi na inkcubeko, ubomi bentsapho buninzi ngokuzimeleyo njengokuba buhlangene.

Imvelaphi yosapho lwaseMexico

Intsapho eMexico ineengcambu ezinde ezibuyela umva nangaphezulu kunee-pre-Columbian eras. Ukuqonda ngcono inkcubeko yosapho yaseMexico kubalulekile ukuba ujonge ixesha langaphambili.

Amanqaku afanelekileyo

Iintshukumo zangaphandle zoSapho Wonke umntu uya kuthanda
Iifoto zoLonwabo loSapho lweHlabathi
Isithethe sokuzalwa saseMexico esasenziwa nanamhlanje

Iintsapho zemveli zaseMexico

Inkwenkwe ye-Wstrongitari enosapho kwisinxibo sendabuko

Ama-Aztec, iiMayas, iiOlmec, iiZapotec zonke zazinoluntu olulungelelaniswe kakuhle apho usapho lwaluyinto ebalulekileyo. Usapho kwi ngaphambi kweColombia amaxesha axelele ubume bezentlalo kwaye adlale indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ucwangco ekuhlaleni. Ubume bentsapho yaseMexico yaseMexico buhlala:

Patriarchal: Utata okanye utatomkhulu uya kuba yintloko yekhaya. Uya kuba ophetheyo kumbutho wayo, ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezithethe zokomoya.
Patrilineal: Amadoda osapho aphethe igama losapho kunye nomnombo.
Yandiswa: Iintsapho ezimbini, ezintathu okanye nangaphezulu zenyukliya (utata, umama, abantwana) bahlala kunye kwikhaya elinye.
Ulungelelwaniso: Wonke umntu wayenendima yakhe. Amadoda afundisa amakhwenkwe indima yabo noxanduva lwabo. Amantombazana afunda kwabafazi.
Okomoya: Ubomi bosapho bujikeleze amasiko aqhelekileyo, imibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo.
Ulwakhiwo: Amakhaya andisiweyo ayila uluntu. Ubungqongqo obungqongqo kunye nocwangco zazibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuhlaleni kosapho kunye noluntu. Umbutho wamodareyithwa lulwakhiwo losapho kwaye kungenjalo.
amagama athetha ukumkani okanye ubukhosi

Impembelelo yamaKatolika kwiNtsapho yaseMexico

Ukoloni lwaseSpain yayihamba noqeqesho olwaluziswa yimishini yamaKatolika. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yamaKatolika ayizisanga lutshintsho lukhulu kubume bosapho obukhoyo, ikakhulu kuba amaxabiso ayafana. Amasiko kunye neenqobo zokomoya zazisele ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeentsapho zangaphambi kweColumbian eMexico, ke ayothusi into yokuba amaxabiso ahlanganiswe ngokulula.

Utshintsho olwenzekileyo lubandakanya:

Uthintelo kwisithembu
Amasiko amaKatolika athatyathelwa indawo ngabantu bomthonyama

Iimpembelelo zamaKatolika ubukhulu becala zaziguqula iinkqubo zokomoya kunye nolwakhiwo lwentlalo lwenziwa lwayenye apho iCawa inegunya khona. Intsapho yaseMexico emva kokuba iConquista yayisengusolusapho, yandisiwe, icwangcisiwe kwaye ihlelwe. Lo myalelo sisiseko sexabiso lemveli losapho laseMexico olugcinwayo namhlanje.

Intsapho yaseMexico yaseMexico

Kude kube 1910 Icawa yamaKatolika yayiliqumrhu elilawulayo laseMexico, oko kuthetha ukuba icawe norhulumente babebanye. Ke ukuba utshatile ecaweni kwaye ubhaptiza abantwana bakho, ubutshatile ngokusemthethweni, kwaye abantwana bakho babhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yolu hlobo lokulawula lwaluqinisa usapho lwamaKatolika kwilizwe lonke nasemva kweCawe kunye norhulumente Yahlulwe.

Iindima zeNtsapho yesiNtu

Ngokuqhelekileyo iMexico yayisekhaya kwisakhiwo sosapho loosolusapho. Kukho iindima ezichaziweyo zoomama, ootata, abantakwabo kunye noodade kwiintsapho zaseMexico.

Amadoda nabafazi

I-Marianismo (isusela kwimodeli yeNtombikazi kaMariya) yayilixesha le indima eyahlukileyo yabasetyhini kwinkcubeko yosapho yaseMexico ngelixa i-machismo yayilixesha lendima yesintu yamadoda. Abasetyhini babonisa indima yokuzithoba kunye nokuxhomekeka kubudlelwane bomtshato ngokweemfundiso zamaKatolika, kwaye amadoda anikwa 'inkokheli yayo yonke into' ngokwesiko lakudala lendabuko elidityaniswe nesiko lamaKatolika. Namhlanje, le ndima ibizwa ngokuba yi-jefe de familia kwaye isetyenziselwa umntu oyintloko yekhaya.

Iindima zoomama

Umama wayeyintliziyo yosapho. Wayepheka, ecoca kwaye ekhathalela abantwana ngokusisigxina. Uxanduva olufanayo lwalulindelwe nakwiintombi njengoko yayingumsebenzi wabo ukufunda ukuba ngumfazi kunina.

Iindima zoobawo

Ootata bathwala izigqibo zosapho, kwaye igunya labo belingafane licelwe umngeni ngumama okanye abantwana. IMachismo yiyo ichaziwe njengohlobo lokuziphatha oluhambelana neengcamango zesiko malunga nokuba amadoda omelele kwaye anamandla. Le ngcamango isayithintela inkqubela phambili yokulingana ngokwesini eMexico, kodwa ayisiyiyo eyayixhaphakile njengakuqala.

Namhlanje, indima yobuzali ilingana ngakumbi, kodwa ixhomekeke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwabazali bobabini nakwindima abavumayo ukuba bayithathe kwiintsapho zabo.

Amakhaya ahlukeneyo

I-Familismo, njengoko kuchaziwe yi i-CDC , lixabiso losapho ngaphezulu kweemfuno zomntu ngamnye. Iintsapho ezahlukeneyo ezazihlala kwikhaya elinye zaziqhelekile eMexico. Utshintsho oluninzi lukhokelele kwizizukulwana ezahlula amakhaya. Olu tshintsho lubandakanya:

Ukuhlala kwabantu ngokubanzi ezidolophini
Ukufuduka kwelizwe
ibukeka njani i-bulldog yaseMelika
Ixesha elide lokuphila

Nangona iintsapho ezandisiweyo zisenokuhlala kumakhaya ahlukeneyo namhlanje, usapho yeyona nto iphambili kubantu baseMexico banamhlanje.

Iintsapho ezandisiweyo ezikhulu

Iintsapho ezandisiweyo zinokuba nkulu njengoko izibini zinokuba nabantwana abali-10 ukuya kweli-12. Kwanasemva ko-70s, ukuba nabantwana abahlanu kwathathelwa ingqalelo njengangoku kunye nomqondiso wokusetyenziswa kwezicwangcisi. Ukongeza ebantwaneni, ubuncinci iseti enye okanye ezimbini zoomawokhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, nangakumbi amalungu osapho (njengabantakwenu kunye nabatshatileyo), bahlala kwikhaya elinye.

Umphathi wosapho

Iintsapho ezahlukahlukeneyo ziya kutyumba inkokeli kunye nomenzi wesigqibo (uhlala eyindoda efumana isonka). Ngoku ka YonkeCulture.com , Ukuthathwa kwezigqibo kwenziwa yile nkokeli inye okanye ijefe de familia ilandelwa kufutshane nezinye iindoda ezindala, umama (umfazi womondli), abafazi babadala, amalungu amancinci abesilisa, kwaye ekugqibeleni amantombazana osapho. Nangona ubukhulu bosapho buhlile, iindima zitshintshile, kwaye inkqubo yokuthatha izigqibo iguqukile, igama elithi jefe okanye jefa de familia (inkokheli yosapho) lisasetyenziswa, nkqu nangabaphathi babalo.

Iintsapho zale mihla zaseMexico

I-Overyculture.com iphakamisa ukuba ngelixa ezinye iintsapho zaseMexico zisalandela usapho lwendabuko, uninzi lwazo lulandela imikhwa yosapho efanayo naleyo iseMelika naseYurophu. Utshintsho oluphawulekayo lubandakanya:

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiintsapho ezandisiweyo ukuya kwiintsapho zenyukliya (abazali ababini kunye nenzala yabo)
Ukwanda kweenkokheli zamakhosikazi
Ubume obahlukeneyo beentsapho (kubandakanya izibini ezitshatileyo kunye nabantwana babo)

Izibalo kwiintsapho zaseMexico

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwe liZiko leLizwe lezibalo kunye neJografi ( IZiko leLizwe lezibalo kunye neJografi- INEGI ) waseMexico usasaza inkqubela phambili emalunga nosapho lwaseMexico.

Iintsapho ezihlala kwikhaya elinye zenza iipesenti ezingama-96.8 zabemi.
Iipesenti ezingama-62.8 zeentsapho zichazwe njengabazali ababini kunye nabantwana babo.
Iipesenti ezingama-20 zeentsapho zichazwa njengomzali omnye nabantwana bakhe.
Iintsapho zenyukliya zinamalungu aphakathi angama-3.6; Iintsapho ezandisiweyo zibalelwa kumalungu ayi-5.2.
Ubungakanani bentsapho eqhelekileyo ngabantu abane.
Ngaba inkonzo yeposi yeunited states ibonelela ngeholide yekrisimesi
Malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zeentsapho zinenkokheli yamadoda eyindoda (jefe de familia).
Iipesenti ezingama-30 zeenkokheli zamakhaya amakhosikazi (jefas de familia) ngabahlolokazi, iipesenti ezingama-21.7 zahluliwe.
Phantse iipesenti ezili-16.5 zabantu abangatshatanga. 7.4 pesenti baqhawule umtshato.
Zisithoba kwiinkokheli zamakhaya ezingamadoda ezilishumi ezineqabane, ngaphantsi kwekota yeenkokheli zamakhaya zabasetyhini zinamaqabane.
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabasetyhini abaziinkokeli zamakhaya abahlala ezidolophini ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-48 kuphela zamadoda ziinkokheli zamakhaya esixekweni.

Abafazi baseMexico kunye noTshintsho

Olona tshintsho lukhulu lubonwe kulwakhiwo losapho kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo luxhotyiswe ngabasetyhini baseMexico. Nangona ukungalingani ngokwesini kusengumba, into yokuba uninzi lwabasetyhini ngoku ziinkokeli zamakhaya bubungqina benkqubela phambili kule ndawo. Utshintsho olwenze ukuba oku kuxhotyiswa kutsha kufumaneke kubandakanya ukufikelela kubanzi kukhuseleko lokucwangcisa ukwanda kwamathuba emfundo nakubasebenzi, kunye nemfuno yabasebenzi yokusebenzisa oomama bayo.

Ukuthintela ukukhulelwa

Utshintsho lokuqala kwinkcubeko kukusetyenziswa kwezicwangcisi. Amaxabiso osapho amaKatolika Zinyanzelise ukuba isibini sinabantwana abaninzi njengoko uThixo ebanikile. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuthetha kumfazi omncinci osemaphandleni eMexico kwii-50s, ukubanakho kokukhulisa abantwana abali-10 ukuya kweli-12, emva kokuphulukana nomntwana omnye ukuya kwabathathu kubunzima bokukhulelwa kunye nezinye izinto. Ewe, umama kuya kufuneka azinikele ngokupheleleyo kusapho. Ubume bosapho bendabuko benza ingqiqo. Amadoda namakhwenkwe asebenza ebaleni nasezifama, abafazi namantombazana bekhathalela umzi.

Nangona ngo-1951, usosayensi waseMexico, Luis Ernesto Miramontes waba ngomnye wootata beepilisi, 'bekungekho phakathi kwe-70s apho ipilisi kunye nezinye izinto zokucwangcisa zafumaneka ngokulula kwabasetyhini. Oku kwenza ukuba abasetyhini bakwazi ukucwangcisela usapho oluncinci kwaye bazinyamekele ngcono bona kunye neentsapho zabo. Emva kokuthintela inzala sele ifumaneke ngokubanzi, abantwana abahlanu kusapho ngalunye baba lilungu elifanelekileyo kubafazi abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, inani elifanelekileyo labantwana liqhubekile nokuhla de umntwana omnye ukuya kwababini kusapho ngalunye lube lolona luhle ngoku.

Imfundo

Ngelixa ilizwe lisenezimvo ezininzi ze-machismo, abasetyhini bayilahla imeko ye-marianismo xa yayingasasebenzi. Kude kube malunga nee-80s, yayiqhelekile into yokuba abantu basetyhini baneendlela zokuya eyunivesithi ngaphandle kwenjongo yokujoyina abasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho yee-90s zokuqala yahambisa uninzi lwabasetyhini emsebenzini njengoko izibini zazama ukufumana ngokwaneleyo ukondla iintsapho zazo. Oku kuguqule indlela abantu abayibona ngayo imfundo. Ukusukela ngoko, ama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eepesenti yabasetyhini kwilizwe liphela, bobabini abavela kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nasezidolophini, bazuze ngokuthe ngcembe izidanga zabo kwaye baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wokukhetha.

Abantu abatshatileyo abaneemvelaphi ezifanayo zemfundo, amandla alinganayo okufumana isonka, kunye neMexico esedolophini banikezela kwimitshato elinganayo, iintsapho ezincinci zenyukliya, kunye notshintsho kwinkcubeko yosapho.

Utshintsho kunye neNkcubeko

Ingcwaba elihonjisiweyo emangcwabeni eXoxocoatlan, Mexico

Nangona usapho lwangoku lwaseMexico alulandeli ncakasana izikhokelo zemveli ezabekwa ngookhokho baseMexico bangaphambi kukaColumbian kunye namaKatolika, kusekho izithethe ezininzi eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yosapho. Imibhiyozo yonqulo yinto ephambili kubomi bosapho.

Iipilggramu okanye iiPilgrimages

Ngoku ka Ethnomed.org , iVirginus yaseGuadalupe ithathwa njengengcweliso yaseMexico. Rhoqo ngonyaka ii-peregrinaciones zibanjwa ukusukela ekuqaleni kukaDisemba ukuya kwi-12 ngembeko kwiNtombi Enyulu yaseGuadalupe. Abantu abahambi nje kuphela kwicawa enkulu eyakhiwe ngozuko lwakhe kodwa nakweyiphi na icawa okanye itempile enikezelwe kuye.

iioyile ezifanelekileyo ukugcina iikati zingabalwa

Kukwakhona amawaka eedolophu athiywe ngezingcwele, ezinje ngeSan Juan, kwaye umbhiyozo ngamnye ubamba umbhiyozo waminyaka le nee-peregrinaciones zenceba yayo. Ngelixa abantu bezimasa le mibhiyozo, amaxesha ngamaxesha, iintsapho zizama ukuya kunye.

Usuku labafile

Enye yezo zithethe zangaphambi kweColumbian zamkelwe yiCawa yamaKatolika (ngokudibanisa ne ekhoyo Isithethe sobuKristu) lusuku loMfi lubhiyozelwa rhoqo ngoNovemba. Iintsapho zibeka i isibingelelo ekhaya ukulungiselela abantu ababathandayo abaswelekileyo kwaye bayokucoceka kwaye banxibe amangcwaba abo ngo-Novemba 1 ne-2. Lo ngumcimbi wosapho, kwaye inokuba ngumbhiyozo wosapho lonke, okanye ukuhlangana okuncinci ukukhumbuza nokukhumbula iinkumbulo zabo badlulise ikomityi yekoko eshushu kunye neqhekeza IPan de Muerto (isonka esineswekile).

I-Santos okanye i-Namesake Anniversaries

Njengeedolophu, abantu abaninzi baseMexico bathiywa igama ngcwele. Ngenxa yoko, xa kufika isikhumbuzo sikaSanta, umntu okhethekileyo uya kufumana iifowuni, imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, kunye nokuphathwa ngamanye amaxesha ukubhiyozela.

Quinceañeras

Abaselula, abantu ababhinqileyo baseMexico bayahlonitshwa kwiminyaka yabo yokuzalwa eyi-15 ngequinceañera ukubhiyozela. Ngexesha lombhiyozo, utata wentombazana wenza umnyhadala ukutshintshiselana ngezihlangu zakhe ezinesitayile, zobuntwana ngesinxibo esithobekileyo sezihlangu eziphakamileyo ezithende ukubonisa indlela yakhe yokuba ngumfazi. Umnyhadala ugcwele uluvo njengoko eli bhinqa liselula lidanisa notata walo kunye neendwendwe zijongile.

Amasiko Omtshato

Izithethe zomtshato zaseMexicoZiyachukumisa. Ukusuka ekuzukiseni izihlobo kunye nosapho ngendima yenkxaso ekwamkelaneni ngama-lazos, ukuthembisa ukukhathalelana kunye ne-arras, iminyhadala yomtshato waseMexico ityebile ngembali kunye nesiko.

Ubomi bemihla ngemihla

Usapho lusabalulekile kwiMexico yanamhlanje. Intsapho yanamhlanje yaseMexico igcina amaxabiso emveli aphilayo ngokubhiyozela ngeendlela ezintsha.

Iindibano, imihla yokuzalwa kunye neMibhiyozo

Nangona amakhaya osapho awandisiweyo ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo, amalungu osapho awandisiweyo ahlala kuhlala kufutshane. Ukuba iintsapho zihlala kude, amalungu ahlala esenza iihambo zokutyelelana. Isidlo sangokuhlwa, isidlo sasemini, okanye ibrantshi apho usapho lonke luhlangana khona yinto eqhelekileyo. Ezi zihlala zizii-concivios ezinkulu (ukudibana) apho kwenziwa isidlo esinye esikhulu (njengeI-pozole kunye nezinye izinto zaseMexico), okanye wonke umntu uzisa into yokwabelana. Ukongeza, amatheko okuzalwa kunyepiñatasneelekese, nemibhiyozo ebalulekileyo enjequinceañeras, kubhiyozelwa imitshato kunye nezikhumbuzo kunye neentsapho zabo bonke abantu.

Abantu abadala abancinci

Imfundo ebiza kakhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuphila zithetha kuphela abafundi abakumgangatho ophakathi abashiya amakhaya abo ukuya kwikholeji. Abafundi basezilalini basenokushiya neentsapho zabo befuna imfundo, kodwa oko kukuzincama ngekamva elingcono kunendlela yokuhamba. Uninzi lwabafundi abakumgangatho ophakathi baseyunivesithi abanokufikelela kwiikholeji zasekhaya nakwiiyunivesithi baya kuqhubeka nokuhlala nabazali babo, kwaye uninzi luyaqhubeka ukwenza njalo nasemva kokuba bephumelele kwaye bejoyine abasebenzi. Akukho mabala okuhlala nabazali bakho njengoko kunokubakho kwamanye amazwe ahlaziyiweyo. Uninzi lwabantwana luhlala nabazali de batshate okanye babe nengeniso eyoneleyo yokuhlawula iindleko zokugcina ikhaya.

Unonophelo lwabantu abadala

Abantwana abadala bathambekele ekugcineni ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nabazali babo. Oomakhulu nootatomkhulu bayabandakanyeka kukhathalelo lwabazukulwana babo, kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona iintsapho ezinxibeleleneyo, ezizizizwe ezahlukeneyo ezingabelaniyo ngomzi kodwa zichitha ixesha elininzi kunye. Xa abazali bekhulile, bahlala behlala nabantwana babo abadala, okanye abantwana abadala baye kuhlala nabazali. Ngubani ohamba apho enento yokwenza nemicimbi yezoqoqosho kunye nokulula kunokhetho. Abantwana abadala bazama ukukhathalela abazali kangangexesha elide kwaye babhenela kumakhaya abalupheleyo okanye kwizibonelelo zeemeko xa umzali efuna unyango.

Ukuvela kweNkcubeko yoSapho

EMexico, inkcubeko iyaqhubeka nokuvela njengoko abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe beba yinxalenye yabemi kwaye bezisa iindlela zokucinga ezintsha. Ukhuselo lweLizwe.org iphakamisa ukuba ezi mpembelelo zikhokelele kutshintsho lwesimo ngokubhekisele kubudlelwane bosapho, ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi, apho iindima ziye zichazwe kancinci kwaye ziguquguquke ngakumbi.

Inkqubo ye- Umbutho weNtsebenziswano kwezoQoqosho noPhuhliso (i-OECD) uxela ukuba abantu baseMexico namhlanje babanga ulwaneliseko lobomi obuphezulu kunomyinge kwabasetyhini abafumana inqanaba eliphezulu lokwoneliseka kunamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuqhubela phambili ikakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini zelizwe, kwaye ubudlelwane bendabuko bomlingane bomtshato buhlala budumile kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Njengalo naluphi na ubuzwe, iintsapho ezizezinye zinexabiso, kodwa intsalela yenkcubeko yosapho kunye nokubaluleka kwexabiso losapho eMexico kuhlala kwimimandla emininzi.