Amawakawaka asweleke nge-guillotine ngexesha loLawulo loNgcoliseko
Ulawulo lwezoyikiso kwi-French Revolution yayilixesha elimnyama kakhulu kwimbali yaseFrance. Kwakungekho zirekhodi zisemthethweni zigcinwayo malunga nokuba bangaphi izidwangube kunye 'nabarhwebi' ababhubhe nge-guillotine; Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingqikelelo zibaleka ukuya kuthi ga kubantu abangama-40,000.
Ulawulo lwezoyikiso kwi-French Revolution
Uloyiko Ngexesha loQhushululu lwaseFrance lunokuqwalaselwa ngokuhambelana nokujija kwependulum ekuphenduleni kumkhosi. Ngelixa izidwangube kwi-pre-Revolutionary France yathathwa ngenkcitho enkulu kunye nokusasaza ubutyebi bakarhulumente ngelixa ishiya abantu abaqhelekileyo bengenanto, uLawulo lwezoyikiso luhlala luthathwa njengempendulo yokuhlanjululwa.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo
- Umahluko waseMelika kunye naseFrance
- Isigama sempahla yesiFrentshi
- Amagama okubulisa amaFrentshi
Ulawulo loNxunguphalo luyaqala
Uqhushululu olwaqala ixesha elisemthethweni loQhushululu lwaseFrance lwaphumelela ekubhukuqeni ubukhosi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, baseka iqumrhu lomthetho. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho amaqela ahlukeneyo, amabini anamandla kakhulu ngamaJacobist kunye neGirondins. Ekugqibeleni, kwasekwa iKomiti yoKhuseleko loLuntu kwaye yayilulawulo olusebenzayo lwaseFrance ngexesha loLawulo lwezoyikiso (1793 ukuya ku-1794). Yeza phantsi kobunkokheli bukaJacobin onamandla ogama linguRobespierre.
Ukucinga ngokugqibeleleyo
Ngelixa kwakucacile ukuba iFrance izakufuna ukuseta uhlobo olutsha lukarhulumente, iKomiti yoKhuseleko loLuntu yayingeyiyo impendulo yokuba iFrance eyayilambele iFrance yayifuna ngokwenene. IKomiti, eqhutywa nguRobespierre, ithathe ukuba wonke umntu ophakamileyo akanalo uvelwano malunga neFrance nabantu bayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko kufanele ukuba abulawe. Amaninzi abulawa ngokuzibandakanya, okanye ukunxulumana nomntu osisidwangube. Isizathu kukuba nabani na owayekwisidwangube wayechasene 'nabantu' ngokucacileyo.
pisces umntu othandana nomhlaza womfazi
Yintwentsi
Ngelixa ngokwenyani wayengekho umntu omnye onoxanduva kuLawulo loBugrogrisi kwi-French Revolution, igama elinye elihlala lifana neli xesha lokungazinzi eliziswe ngunobangela kunye nesiphumo se-French Revolution nguMaximilien Robespierre. Okumangalisayo kukuba, wabulawa yi-guillotine, njengesohlwayo esifanelekileyo kwabo wababulala ngelixesha lifutshane embalini. Wayenempembelelo kakhulu kulawulo loBugrogrisi, kangangokuba ukubanjwa nokubulawa kwakhe ngo-1794 kwaligqiba eli xesha. Wayechatshazelwa ikakhulu kukukhanya koLwazi okuvela kubabhali abanjengoRousseau naseMontesquieu.
Izenzo zeKomiti yoKhuseleko loLuntu
IKomiti yoKhuseleko loLuntu yenze okuninzi ngexesha elifutshane ebelawula ngalo. Enye yezenzo zayo zokuqala yayikukudala into eyayisaziwa ngokuba nguMthetho weXabiso eliPhezulu, umthetho owawunceda ukuseka elona xabiso liphezulu lezinto eziyimfuneko ezinjengokhozo. Umbono yayikukuba ngokunyanzela iimfuno ukuba zithengiswe ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo, umthetho wawunokuchaswa. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Abantu baqala ukuqokelela ingqolowa kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ukunqanda ukuzithengisa ngamaxabiso aphantsi.
IKomiti ikwenze ngobuzwilakhe ukulwa imfazwe, nto leyo eyathi yabangela amawaka ezihandiba kunye nabantu baseFrance ukuba babalekele ubomi babo. Benze umthetho we-22 Prairial, owawususa ilungelo lokuzikhusela, uvumela isebe lezomthetho ukuba liphumeze abo babizwa ngokuba ngabarhwebi ngokukhawuleza: ngaphandle kwetyala elilungileyo.
Ukujonga emva kuLawulo lweNgcungcuthekiso lwaseFrance
Kubonakala kungaqhelekanga ukuba iRiphabhlikhi ene-motto yayo ukulingana, inkululeko kunye nobudlelwane wadlula kwixesha elinobundlobongela ngokwenyani. Abantu abanjengoMarie Antoinette, uLouis XVI, uMadame Rolande kunye noAntoine Lavoisier bonke baphulukana nobomi babo kwi-guillotine. URobespierre, kunye nezinye iinkokheli, baphinde baphulukana nobomi babo kwi-guillotine kwaye uLawulo lwezoyikiso lwaphela ukunika urhulumente olungileyo waseFrance.
