Ezona zisongelo zinkulu zokusingqongileyo eMhlabeni ziyimicimbi wonke umntu ekufuneka eyiqonde. Nje ukuba uqonde, unokukhetha ukuthatha inyathelo ukubona ukuba ezi zoyikiso ziyagqitywa ekugqibeleni.
1. Utshintsho lwemozulu
Ngokwe- Ingxelo yeengozi zomhlaba jikelele 2019 kwiQonga lezoQoqosho leHlabathi,iinkxalabo ngokusingqongileyobebesoloko befumana ukuxhalaba malunga nemiba yezoqoqosho njengemingcipheko ebonakalayo abantu abajongene nayo. Iziganeko ezandayo zeziganeko zemozulu ezigwenxa zibekek 'ityala kutshintsho lwemozulu olukhankanywe njengeyona nto iphambili.
- Utshintsho lwemozulu luyonyusa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nokuqina kweziganeko zendalo ezinjengembalela, imililo yasendle, amaza obushushu, izaqhwithi zemvula, inkanyamba yetropiki kunye neenkanyamba, uyacacisa Inzululwazi yaseMelika .
- Inkqubo ye- Ingxelo Yomngcipheko Womhlaba Ka-2018 ulumkise ngendlela iziganeko ezigabadeleyo ezinokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kokutya kunye nendlala.
- Imifanekiso yeZiphumo zokuFudumala kweHlabathi
- Imifanekiso yeMicimbi yangoku yezeNdalo
- Ungcoliseko lomoya Imifanekiso
I-NASA iqinisekisa ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-Carbon Dioxide
I-NASA iqinisekisa ukuba isixa sekhabhon dayoksayidi esibhakabhakeni sonyukile 'ukusuka kumalungu angama-280 ngesigidi ukuya kuma-400 ezigidi kwisigidi kule minyaka ili-150 idlulileyo. Oonobangela abakhankanyiweyo kukutshiswa kwezibaso, ulimo olunzulu kunye neminye imisebenzi yabantu.
Ukwanda kumaqondo obushushu ehlabathi
Ukonyuka kwamanqanaba ecarbon dioxide kubekwa ityala lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ngenqanaba elinye leCelsius ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba angaphambi komzi mveliso. Ngaphandle kokonyuka kwemozulu egqithileyo, oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukonyuse amanqanaba olwandle nge-1-4 yeenyawo ukusukela ngo-2010, yabangela ukuba i-Arctic ice cap inciphise kwaye inyuse ubude bamaxesha okukhula, yongeza I-NASA .
2. Ukupheliswa kweentlobo ezithile kunye nokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo
Ingxelo yomngcipheko ka-2018 iqhubeka ithi ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokuphela kweentlobo kuthathwa njengomngcipheko kungekuphela nje kokusingqongileyo kodwa nakuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Isantya esothusayo sokuphela kwezinto eziphilayo siyenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Iqondo lokunyanzelwa kwabantu lokulahleka kweentlobo kuqikelelwa ukuba lijikeleze i-1 000 ukuya kuma-10 000 amaxesha aqhelekileyo, ngokuka INgxowa-mali yeHlabathi yeZilwanyana (WWF). Amaqhinga amakhulu okugcina kunye nezicwangciso ziyacetyiswa ngemithetho emininzi ebekiweyo yokukhusela izilwanyana.
- Ulimo olunzulu, ukuloba okungazinzanga, ukuzingelwa kwezilwanyana zasendle, ukonakaliswa kwendawo, ukonakaliswa kwemvula, imvula eneasidi, kunye notshintsho lwemozulu zisongela amawaka eentlobo ngoku UMgcini kwaye IYunivesithi yaseWisconsin-Eau Claire.
- Oonobangela abaninzi banxulunyaniswa neemfuno zabathengi njengoko abantu besiya kwiindawo ezazifudula zinamakhaya entlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Ithemba ngeentlobo ezisengozini
Nangona kunjalo, likho ithemba. Umzekelo wolondolozo lwendalo olusengozini yokuphumelela luphawu lwesizwe lwaseMelika, ukhozi olunempandla . Ngama-1960, kwakusele ama-487 kuphela amabini amabini okhozi olushiyekileyo. Ngo-2015, bezingaphezu kwama-69,000 iinkozi eUnited States!
I-pinky ring ithetha ukuba ngumfazi
Ukunyuka kwenani labemi bokhozi
Oku kwanda kwenani labanokhozi olunempandla kubonisa ukuba iintlobo zezityalo ezisengozini zingabuyiselwa njani esiphelweni sokuphela. Ngakumbi nangakumbi izilwanyana kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zasendle ziyongezwa kuluhlu lwezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela unyaka nonyaka. Iyavakala into yokuba ngamagosa omhlaba angcono, endaweni yokungena kumahlathi nakwimigxobhozo.
3. Ungcoliseko lomoya naManzi
Umoya, amanzi, kunye nongcoliseko lomhlaba luchazwe njengelinye lemingcipheko ebonakalayo kwiNgxelo yeengozi zehlabathi kwi-2018. Ungcoliseko yinto engamkelekanga kwimveliso yophuhliso kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Ngelixa zisixhenxe iindidi zongcoliseko, umoya kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi baneziphumo ezoyikisayo.
Ungcoliseko Lomoya Lwehlabathi
I-92% yabemi behlabathi bahlala kwiindawo ezinomoya ongcolileyo obangela i-11.6% yokufa kwabantu okurekhodiweyo, utshilo I-World Health Organization . Umgangatho womoya umbi kakhulu ezidolophini, kwaye le meko iya isiba mandundu njengoko abantu abaninzi befudukela ezixekweni.
Ungcoliseko lomoya olubalulekileyo ukuhla eMelika
Ingxelo yonyaka ye-2019 ye-EPA, Umoya weSizwe sethu ityhila ukungcoliseka komoya eUnited States bekunokwehla ngokuthe chu ukusukela ngo-1990. Ukwehla okukhulu kwezingcolisi zomoya kuthelekiswa kakhulu nokwanda kwemisebenzi yabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ungcoliseko lwaManzi
Ingxelo yeGlobal Risks Report i-2018 ithi ungcoliseko lweplastiki lukhulu kangangokuba iiplastikhi ezincinci zifunyenwe kwi-83% yamanzi etephu emhlabeni. Ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali olusuka kwezolimo nakwimizi-mveliso yenye ingxaki apho izityalo nezilwanyana zibulawa khona okanye zichaphazeleka yityhefu.
Ungcoliseko lweZondlo
Ukwengeza ungcoliseko lwezondlo ukusuka kwizichumisi, amakhaya, kunye neminye imithombo iphelela kumachibi, kumadama, nakwiilwandlekazi ukubangela ukutyeba. Kulwandlekazi ungcoliseko lwezondlo kunye nokufudumala komhlaba kubangele i-500 Iindawo ezifileyo apho kungekho ngxelo zeoksijini Umongabay .
Ungcoliseko loMthengi
Abathengi banoxanduva lokushishina ngamakhulu eekhemikhali eziyingozi ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Izinyithi ezinzima ziyaqhubeka zingcolisa umhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya. Amandla omthengi anokuba namandla xa umntu ngamnye emhlabeni eqonda ukuba amanyathelo angathathwa kunye notshintsho olwenziwe ngokukhetha ngononophelo ukuba idola nganye yomthengi ichithwa njani.
4. Ingxaki Yamanzi
Inkqubo ye- WWF udwelisa ukunqongophala kwamanzi njengenye yezoyikiso ezinkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Onke amazwekazi achaphazeleka kukunqongophala kwamanzi. Nangona umhlaba ugutyungelwe ngama-70% ngamanzi, yi-2.5% kuphela enamanzi acocekileyo anokusetyenziswa ngabantu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ukuze baphile kwimibutho yeendaba. Umtshangatshangiso waseJamani (DW).
Ukuphulukana Namanzi
Ukunqongophala kwamanzikwenzeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi kungenxa yokusebenzisa ngokungakhathali. Abantu bakhupha amanzi kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nasemilanjeni, kwaye ibango liyakhula.
- Ukwandisa ezolimo kuphela kusebenzisa ama-70% obu buncwane.
- Amanzi alahlekile kwakhona ilahlekile ngokuvuza ukuya kwi-50% e-U.S.
- I-80% yelahleko yamanzi ixeliwe kumazwe asakhasayo nasakhulayo.
Imbalela namaqondo aphezulu amaqondo obushushu aphelayo
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi ngokwasemzimbeni kwenzeka ngexesha lembalela ixesha elide kunye namaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Inkqubo ye- amazwe adbeneyo (I-UN) ithi ukwanda kwabemi kuyaqhubeka nokucoca oovimba bamanzi.
Amazwe Asakhasayo Aphethwe Kukunqongophala Kwamanzi.
Malunga nabantu abangamawaka amabini ezigidi emhlabeni, uninzi lwabo luhlala kumazwe asakhasayo lunengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi. Kukholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokwenza lo mkhwa ube mandundu. Amachibi amakhulu ayoma angenachaphazeli nje abantu kodwa uhlaza kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Ukunqongophala Kwezoqoqosho
'Umbindi weAsia, ilizwe lama-Arab, iinxalenye zase China, i-India, kunye ne ntshona ye-United States' banengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi ngokwe I-DW (UDeutsche Welle). Oku kunokuba neziphumo ezibi zentlalo nezoqoqosho, ezichaphazela ubomi bokuphila ngokuxhomekeka emanzini, kwaye zikhokelele kwimpixano nasekufudukeni kwabantu.
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwabekwa ityala lokunqongophala kwamanzi
IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zithi kwiindawo ezininzi ezinengxaki yokunqongophala kwamanzi zibangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamanzi. Olu hlobo lwengxaki lunokulungiswa kwaye luyathinteleka.
5. Ukucocwa kweMithombo yeNdalo
Ukwanda kwabemi behlabathi kunokubonakala njengesisongelo esicacileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Oku, nangona kunjalo, kukwaqhagamshelene nesoyikiso esikhulu sokusetyenziswa esintsonkothe ngakumbi kwaye sinxibelelene ngqo nenkqubo eyodwa yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ukusetyenziswa kohluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomvuzo, ubudala, kunye nesini esichazayo Isikolo saseAustralia .
Iimfuno zabaThengi ngokuchasene neZendalo
Abathengi babeka iimfuno ezininzi kubutyebi bendalo bomhlaba njengoko inani labemi lisonyuka unyaka nonyaka. Yidibanise oku kurhulumente wehlabathi ngalinye esenza uhlobo lwentengiso, uninzi ngaphandle kwezazela ngokusingqongileyo, kwaye ufumana ifomula yesiphithiphithi nentlekele. WWF amaxabiso okusetyenziswa kwendalo njengoyikiso olukhulu, esithi:
- Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kuphela, okuncinci, ukuvelisa izixhobo ezinokuphinda zenziwe kulimo, emadlelweni, ekulobeni, nakumahlathi iimpahla zinkulu.
- Imfuno yomntu yempahla ehlaziyekayo ngonyaka omnye ifuna iminyaka eyi-1.5 yokuvelisa.
- Kwicandelo lezokuloba, ama-63% obomi baselwandle babanjiswe kakhulu zimbalwa iindlela zokuphinda zihlaziyeke zilumkisa Uxolo oluluhlaza .
6. Impembelelo yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
I-WWF ithathela ingqalelo ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo. Ingxelo yeGlobal Risks Report 2018 iqaphela ukuba ngo-2016, zigawuliwe ezingama-29.7 ezigidi zehektare zamahlathi.
Umlilo wasendle kwihlathi laseBrazil iAmazon
Reuters inika ingxelo yokuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi aseBrazil eAmazon ngo-Agasti 2019 banegalelo ekunyuseni ama-5% ekugecweni kwamahlathi. Ngo-Okthobha i-2019, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokugqibeleleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuloo mmandla kwakunyuke nge-83% iyonke.
Amahlathi Ehlabathi
Amahlathi ashiyekileyo athi agubungele ama-30% omhlaba asengozini yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Indawo yeSizwe Iingxelo zokuba amahlathi acociwe ikakhulu kwezolimo kwaye agawulwe ngamaplanga.
Iziphumo ezifikelela kude kude nokuGawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kukhokelela kwilahleko kungekuphela nje kwi-biomass kunye nakwiindidi zezityalo, kodwa nakwindawo yokuhlala izilwanyana. Ukupheliswa kwamahlathi kukwabizwa ngokuba kukuqhuba kotshintsho lwemozulu njengoko imithi edla ngokufunxa ikharbon diokside ayisekho. Ummandla olahlekelwa yindalo eyahlukeneyo, uba sesichengeni sokusingqongileyo.
Ibhalansi yendalo yendalo iphazamisekile
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kuphazamisa ukulungelelana kwendalo kwindawo apho imithi ivunwe nangaphaya. Imveliso yokutya inokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yembalela kunye nokhukuliseko lomhlaba luhambelana ngqo nokulahleka kwamahlathi.
7. Ukuthotywa komhlaba
I-WWF ibandakanya ukuthotywa komhlaba njengesongelo lokusingqongileyo. Izizathu zokuthotywa komhlaba kukukhukuliseka komhlaba, ukuxinana komhlaba kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zezolimo.
- Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba lungenzeka ngenxa yomoya okanye amanzi, xa ukhuselo lwamahlathi nolunye utyani lususiwe kwaye umhlaba ongaphezulu ulahlekile.
- Ukuxinana komhlaba kwenzeka kwiindawo apho umhlaba utyiswe kakhulu.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba kubangelwa ngumhlaba onzima wokulima kwezolimo, uyacacisa Umbutho wezokutya nezolimo (FAO).
Iziphumo zokuThotywa koMhlaba
Iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ze ukuthotywa komhlaba unokuba nefuthe elibi kubo bonke ubomi. Umhlaba kufuneka ubuyele kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha loo nto ayinakwenzeka.
- Umhlaba uphulukana nokuchuma kwawo kunye ne-porosity, xa umhlaba ongaphezulu utyebile kwizimbiwa eziyimfuneko ukondla izityalo, imithi, kunye nezityalo zokukhula kunye nokuphila, ulahlekile kwaye umhlaba uyaxinana.
- Umhlaba nawo awunakho ukuxhasa microflora eluncedo eyimfuneko kubhayisekile webhayisekile.
- Ukuxinana kunye nelahleko yomhlaba kunciphisa amandla omhlaba okufunxa nokugcina imvula, nto leyo enokubangela imbalela yomhlaba kunye nokuhla kokutsha kwakhona kwamadama namanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nemilambo, echaphazela i-hydrology yommandla.
- Umhlaba osusiweyo ufakwa njengentlenga esezantsi, ubuninzi obuninzi obunokuthi bungcolise kwaye bube yingozi kwintlanzi nakwezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, iingxelo I-FAO .
Isinye kwisithathu soMhlaba esiThotyiweyo
UMgcini inika ingxelo yokuba isinye kwisithathu somhlaba wehlabathi sithotyiwe. Oku kubandakanya '20% yelizwe elinezityalo, i-16% yomhlaba wehlathi, i-19% yengca, kunye ne-27% yomhlaba '. Inzululwazi yaseMelika ibonisa ukuba njengoko kuthabatha iminyaka eli-1 000 ukwenza i-3 cm yomhlaba ongaphezulu, amaxabiso akhoyo okokuhla komgangatho awazinzanga.
Ezona Zoyikiso Zomhlaba Zisixhenxe Ezinkulu
Ngelixa zininzi ezinye izoyikiso kwindalo esingqongileyo ezinefuthe elibonakalayo, ngokuqinisekileyo ezi zezona zisongelo zinkulu zokusingqongileyo ezijongane nehlabathi namhlanje. Ukufunda ukuba ziyintoni na kunokubangela ukuba uqaphele izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela uMhlaba.
