Zininzi izinto ezibangela ubushushu behlabathi. Ngokwe- I-Arhente yokuKhusela iNdalo (EPA), ezi zizathu zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili: oonobangela bendalo kunye nezizathu ezenziwe ngabantu. Ngelixa abantu benokwenza okuncinci ukuphelisa oonobangela bendalo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa oonobangela babantu.
Izizathu zendalo zokuFudumala kweLizwe
Izizathu zendalo bezikade zinegalelo kufudumala lwehlabathi ukusukela kwimbali erekhodiweyo. Izizathu zendalo zizodwa azonelanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba zikhokelele kutshintsho lwemozulu olwenzeka ngoku emhlabeni, ngokwe-EPA.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Imifanekiso yeZiphumo zokuFudumala kweHlabathi
- Ungcoliseko lomoya Imifanekiso
- Imifanekiso yeMicimbi yangoku yezeNdalo
Amabala elanga
Umsebenzi owandisiweyo welanga utshintsha amanqanaba emitha yelanga, ngalo ndlela kubangele ukufudumala kwexesha elifutshane, njengoko kuchaziwe ngu Ulawulo lweAeronautics kaZwelonke kunye noLawulo lweNdawo (NASA). Amabala elanga ngamabala amnyama kumphezulu welanga athintela iplasma eshushu yelanga. Nangona eli nyathelo lokuthintela linokubonakala linciphisa imitha yelanga, okwahlukileyo kuyinyani. Amabala elanga ajikelezileyo ziindawo eziqaqambileyo ezaziwa ngokuba ziifaceula. Ezi patches zikhupha ngaphezulu kunemitha eqhelekileyo, kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi kunamabala amnyama, apholileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla e-avareji ewonke ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 zokujikeleza kwelanga ayanda.
Umkhenkce onganyibilikiyo
I-Permafrost, eqinileyo, umhlaba okhenkcezisiweyo, wenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zommandla womhlaba kuMntla weIkhweyitha, ngokwe Ingxowa-mali yoKhuselo lweNdalo (EDF). Kude kube kutshanje, i-permafrost ivale ikhabhoni kunye ne-methane phantsi komphezulu womhlaba. Kweminye imimandla, i-permafrost ngoku ikhupha ikhabhoni, ethi i-EDF inokuthi ikhawuleze ifuthe lokushisa kunye nokufudumala komhlaba ngokunyusa uxinzelelo lwekhabhoni yomoya.
Umphunga waManzi
Umphunga wamanzi uyanda esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yokufudumala okubangelwa yi-carbon dioxide njengoko kubonisiwe I-NASA . Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sobushushu obubanjwe zii-greenhouse gases ziqulathwe ngumphunga wamanzi, ngokwe-NASA. Njengokuba iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwiplanethi liqhubeka nokunyuka, isixa somphunga wamanzi sonyuka ngokulandelelana.
Izinto ezenziwe ngabantu (iAnthropogenic)
Uninzi lwezinto ezibangelwe bubushushu bomhlaba lubangelwa kukwanda kweegesi zegreenhouse, eziyirhasi ezithi zibambe okanye zifunxe imitha yelanga ekhutshwa kwiplanethi.
Ukutsha kweeFossil Fuels
Ngokwe-EPA, icarbon dioxide sesona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokufudumala kwehlabathi, kwaye uninzi lwekhabhoni dayoksayidi ikhutshwa sisiphumo sokutsha kwezibaso. Qho xa kusitsha i-fossil fuel, amazinga e-carbon dioxide emoyeni ayenyuka. Ikharbhon diokside ifunxa amandla e-infrared avela emhlabeni, ukuthintela ukuba ingabuyeli emajukujukwini.
- Imveliso yombane: Ukuveliswa kombane ngokutshiswa kwezibaso ze-fossil kubangela iipesenti ezingama-40 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eMelika, ngokwe-EPA. Amalahle ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu wekhabhon diokside ekhupha ikharbhon ngeyunithi yamandla ephantse yaliphinda kabini irhasi yendalo.
- Iimoto: Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kutshiswa ipetroli ukuya kwiimoto zombane, iilori kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho yenye yezona zinto zikhokelela kubushushu behlabathi eUnited States. Ungcoliseko olwenziwe zimoto kunye neelori lwenza phantse isihlanu kwisinye sokukhutshwa kweMelika, ngokuka Umanyano lweeNzululwazi eziKhathazayo (i-UCS) .
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Zonke izityalo eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukugcina ikhabhon, kodwa njengoko inani lezityalo emhlabeni liyancipha, inani lekhabhon diokside ekhululekileyo ekwakheni kwiatmosfera liyanda. Ngapha koko, izityalo ezibolayo zikhupha ikhabhoni egciniweyo, ngaloo ndlela zikhupha intywenka yekhabhoni emoyeni ngexesha lokugawulwa kwamahlathi okanye ingca ngenjongo yokwakha. Inkqubo ye- Ukutya kunye noLimo lweZizwe eziManyeneyo ibonisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-30 zokukhutshwa kwegesi ekhulayo kubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi
Qho xa abantu bongeza isichumisi emhlabeni, initrogen oxide ibalekela emoyeni. Ngokuphathelele ekufudumaleni kwemozulu, iponti ye-nitrous oxide iphindwe ngama-300 kuneepawundi zecarbon dioxide, isenza isichumiso ekusebenziseni ukulima sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokufudumala komhlaba, ngokuka UC Berkley .
Imigodi
Imigodi ye-oyile kunye namalahle avumela i-methane, i-greenhouse gas, ukuba ibaleke emhlabeni. Nangaliphi na ixesha umhlaba uphazamiseka, iigesi ezigciniweyo zingena kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngokwe- Ucoceko loMsebenzi woMoya , Iipesenti ezisibhozo zazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ze-methane zinokulandelwa kwimigodi yamalahle.
Ukuqonda ukufudumala kwehlabathi
Ubushushu behlabathi kukonyuka kweqondo lobushushu leelwandle kunye neatmosfera, kokubini kuqatshelweyo kwaye kwaxelwa kwangaphambili. Ubushushu bomhlaba buxhomekeke kubungakanani bokushisa okungenayo nokuphumayo. Xa ubushushu obuphumayo, okanye amandla, edlula amandla angenayo, kubakho ixesha lomkhenkce. Iziphumo zokufudumala kwihlabathi xa amanqanaba ombane angenayo angaphezulu kwamanqanaba ombane aphumayo.
Iziphumo zokuFudumala kweHlabathi
Ubushushu behlabathi bunokuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi eMhlabeni njengoko kucacisiwe ngu UCS . Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphezulu aya kubangela utshintsho kubomi bezityalo nezityalo, ezinokwehlisa ukutya emhlabeni jikelele. Ubusika obushushu bushushu buza kukhokelela ekunyibilikeni komkhenkce wolwandle, oya kuthi ubangele ukunyuka kwenqanaba lolwandle. Amaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo aya kwandisa ukonyuka kolophu kumanzi amakhulu, nawo aya kuthi andise ukwakheka kwamafu kunye nemilinganiselo yemvula.
Eminye imiphumo enokubakho yokufudumala kwehlabathi kubandakanya iinkanyamba rhoqo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu ezinye izifo, ezinje ngemalariya. Ukonyuka okungagungqiyo kubemi behlabathi kuzakwenza ukuba oyena nobangela wotshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi kubhebhetheke, kusenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi kwinani labantu eliya lisanda.
Ukuthintela Ubushushu beHlabathi
Oososayensi bachitha amashumi aliqela eminyaka befunda ubushushu behlabathi kwilinge lokuqikelela ukuba loluphi utshintsho oluza kwenzeka kwikamva kwaye baqonde ukuba umntu angalucotha njani okanye alunqande olu tshintsho ukuba lwenzeke. Ngelishwa, akukho mntu unokumisa ngokuthe ngqo abanikeli bendalo kubushushu behlabathi. Ngokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho, unokunceda ukukhusela ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngokunciphisa imiphumo emibi yendalo.
