Umdyarho wamahashe waziwa ngokuba 'ngumdlalo weeKumkani.' Lo mnyhadala weembaleki wenzeka kwihlabathi liphela phakathi kwe-Thoroughbreds, i-Quarter Horses, i-Standardbreds, kunye nama-Arabia. Phambi kokuba ubeke ibheji kugqatso, kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nezimbo ezine ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye neenzuzo neengozi zomdyarho wamahashe.
Izimbo zoMdyarho
Nangona umdyarho wamahashe ungomnye wemidlalo emidala eyaziwayo, uguquke kakhulu ukusukela oko waqalayo. Izimbo kunye neendlela ezizodwa ziye zavela kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezidlulileyo. Namhlanje, iindlela ezine zomdyarho wamahashe zisicaba, ukutsiba, ukubopha amakhonkco kunye nokunyamezela. Ngamnye ubandakanya izikhokelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zithandwa ngokwazo.
Racing Flat
Umdyarho osemacaba lolona hlobo ludumileyo lomdyarho wamahashe kwihlabathi liphela. Amahashe abaleka umgama ochaziweyo kwindlela ethe tyaba. EUnited States, iingoma zihlala zimdaka, ngelixa e-United Kingdom iingoma ziyi-turf.
Ugqatso luqala ngamahashe akhweliswe kwisango lokuqala. Abasebenzi balayisha amahashe ngokukhawuleza kuba isango lokuqalisa yeyona ndawo iyingozi kumahashe neejokhi. Kukhala intsimbi, amasango avuleka, namahashe abaleka emgceni. Ihashe lokuqala neqela lejokhi eliphumelele umgca wokugqibela. Kwezinye iimeko, amahashe amabini nangaphezulu alugqiba ugqatso esondelelene, amagosa omdyarho afanele asebenzise umfanekiso ogqityiweyo ukubona iziphumo.
Amanyathelo omdyarho weflethi imigama kwiifurlongs, okanye 1/8-mayile ukunyuka. Umgama obalekayo uziimitha ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphantsi. Indlela yimayile enye (8 iifurlongs) okanye ubude, kwaye i-marathon inde kune-1.25 yeemayile.
mingaphi iminyaka ekufuneka ubenayo ukuze usebenze kwi-footlocker
Jump Racing
Umdyarho wokutsiba, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-Steeplechasing, udume kakhulu e-United Kingdom kunase-United States. Kuthiwa lo mdlalo usuka eIreland, apho abakhweli babesebenzisa amanqwanqwa ecawa njengeendawo ezibonisa ugqatso phakathi kweedolophu. Ayeza kudibana nemiqobo efana neendonga, iingcingo nemilambo, nto leyo eyayinyanzela amahashe ukuba atsibe ukuze aqhubeke nogqatso.
Kumdyarho wokutsiba wale mihla, amahashe abaleka umgama othile, kodwa kufuneka atsibe imiqobo emininzi ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kumgca wokugqibela. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuchasana kube yingozi ngakumbi kunomdyarho osicaba. Amahashe kufuneka abenesantya kunye namandla ukuze asuse imiqobo. Ukuchasa umqengqelezi kunokuqalisa ngesango lokuqala okanye ngeflegi.
Umdyarho wokubopha
Kwi umdyarho wokubopha , ihashe ngalinye litsala inqwelo ekhaphukhaphu, enamavili amabini ebizwa ngokuba yi sulky, yaye abaqhubi bakhwela kwiinqwelo. E-United States, kuphela i-Standardbreds ekhuphisanayo kwesi siganeko, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zikhuphisana eYurophu. Amahashe aqala emva kwesango elihambayo eliqalayo elitsalwa yilori. Uninzi lwemidyarho yimayile enye.
Amahashe ahamba ngesantya okanye ngesantya, akaze agqabhuke. I-Standardbreds 'zii-pacers,' oku kuthetha ukuba bahambisa imilenze emibini kwicala elifanayo lemizimba yabo ngaxeshanye, njengangaphambili kunye ne-right back. 'IiTrotter' zihambisa imilenze edayagonali ngaxeshanye.
Racing ukunyamezela
Umdyarho wokunyamezela sisitayile esidumileyo esibandakanya ukubaleka imigama emide--eqhele ukuba yi-50 okanye i-150 yeemayile. Endaweni yengoma, abakhuphisana nabo balandela indlela echongiweyo enokufikelela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Ukunyuka umnqantsa akuqhelekanga ebudeni bolu gqatso.
ikati yafa amehlo evule ulwimi
Amahashe aseArabia ahlala ekhethelwa lo mdlalo ngenxa yokuqina kwawo ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa naluphi na uhlobo lunokuthatha inxaxheba kumdyarho wokunyamezela. Ngenxa yokuba olu gqatso luthatha iiyure ezingama-24 kwaye lunokuba nzima kumzimba wehashe, kukho amanqaku amaninzi kulo lonke uhlanga xa ugqirha wezilwanyana ehlola amahashe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akhuselekile ukuba aqhubeke.
Ukuhlelwa kobuhlanga
Umdyarho wamahashe unoluhlu lwemigangatho yogqatso. Nangona uninzi lwamahashe luqala kwimidyarho yeeNtombazana, amahashe anesiphelo esiphantsi achitha imisebenzi yawo kwiiklasi zeBango, ngelixa abakhuphisana be-elite bevela kwimidyarho yeedola eziphakamileyo.
Intombi
Imidyarho yeentombi ngamahashe angekaluphumeleli ugqatso. Oku kuyahluka ngokomgama, yaye amahashe akubudala obunye nesini akhuphisanayo. Xa ihashe liphumelela ugqatso lwalo lokuqala, 'laphula intombi yalo.'
Ukwenza ibango
Ugqatso lwamahashe athengiswa kumqeqeshi onelayisensi okanye umnini ngexabiso elimiselweyo ekupheleni kogqatso. Umntu owenza ibango lehashe uhlawula kwangaphambili kwaye uthatha ubunini bakhe nokuba ihashe liyaphumelela, liyaphulukana, okanye liyafa kukhuphiswano. Uninzi lweentlanga eUnited States zikolu didi. Umnini wangaphambili ufumana 'isipaji' okanye lokuwina ukuba ihashe winile. La mahashe ngokwesiqhelo akumgangatho ophantsi, amahashe omdyarho akhuphisanayo kunalawo abaleka kumdyarho weAllowance okanye weStakes.
Isibonelelo
Isibonelelo imidyarho yeyamahashe aqhekeze iintombi zawo kodwa engekakulungeli ukhuphiswano lweStakes. Amahashe kolu didi aphumelele imidyarho yaBanga. Ezi ntlanga zinemiqathango eqhotyoshelweyo, efana 'nomnye ngaphandle' okanye 'ezimbini ngaphandle.' Amahashe akwimidyarho 'engaphandle' aphumelele kuphela ugqatso lweNtombazana, iBango, okanye i-Starter Allowance. Abo bakudidi 'lwesibini ngaphandle' baphumelele ugqatso olunye lwe-Allowance.
Iziteki
Imidyarho yeStakes yeyamahashe omdyarho akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye inika ezona zipaji ziphezulu. Abanini kufuneka bahlawule imali yokutyumba kunye nokungenela ukuze amahashe abo abaleke. Uninzi lwemihla yokutyumba ziintsuku ezili-10 phambi komhla womdyarho, kodwa isenokuba ngunyaka phambi kwexesha.
- I-Non-Graded Stakes lolona hlelo luphantsi kolu didi. Ezi zibonelela ngezipaji ezindilisekileyo, kwaye abanye abaqeqeshi basebenzisa oku njengenyathelo phakathi kokhuphiswano lwe-Allowance kunye ne-Grade Stakes.
- Iziteyiki eziHleliweyo iBanga I, iBanga II, okanye iBanga III, kwaye iBanga I lelona ligqwesileyo. I-Triple Crown kunye ne-Breeder's Cup zonke ziBanga I, umzekelo. Le midyarho iwonga ezona zipaji ziphezulu, itsala amahashe omdyarho aphezulu.
Izalanisa
Uninzi lomdyarho wamahashe kwihlabathi liphela ubandakanya ii-Thoroughbreds, kodwa i-Quarter Horses kunye ne-Arabia nazo zibaleka umdyarho okhuphisanayo ngeepaji ezinkulu. Imithetho iyahluka ngokwenzala nenzala.
Umdyarho wamaHashe weThoroughbred
Umdyarho wodidi olupheleleyo lolona hlobo lwaziwayo lomdyarho. Olu hlobo lunesantya kunye namandla, nto leyo ebenza babe ngamahashe omdyarho. Iqela leJokhi iirejista zeThoroughbreds eUnited States.
Abafuyi beThoroughbred baqeqeshelwa umdyarho ekwindla lonyaka wabo wonyaka. Baqala ngokufunda ukwamkela isali nomkhala, baze kamva bafundiswe kubunzima bomkhweli. Baye baqhelane nesango lokuqalisa baze babaleke phambi kokuba babaleke. Amahashe alungele ukukhuphisana abaleka kwimidyarho yeentombi xa eneminyaka emi-2 okanye emi-3 ubudala.
Umdyarho wamaHashe wekota
Umdyarho wamahashe wekota ilinganisa umgama kwiiyadi kuneende. Imidyarho iphakathi kweeyadi ezingama-220 kunye neeyadi ezingama-770, oko kuyenza ibe mifutshane kakhulu kunomdyarho wamahashe weThoroughbred. I-timer iqala xa isango lokuqala livula, ngelixa i-Thoroughbreds kunye ne-Arabians iqala iwotshi imitsi embalwa phantsi komzila. A 2006 isifundo epapashwe kwi-Equine Veterinary Journal ibonise ukuba i-Quarter Horses ibaleka ngokukhawuleza kune-Thoroughbreds okanye i-Arabia.
Umbutho waMahashe wekota waseMelika (AQHA) ilinganisa isantya sesantya somdyarho ukuthelekisa izakhono zamahashe kugqatso ngalunye. I-AQHA ibala oku ngokulinganisela amaxesha amathathu akhawulezayo kwiminyaka emithathu yokugqibela kumgama ngamnye ebaleni. Esi sisiseko, okanye iSpeed Index 100. Emva koko, ukuze agqibe ngesantya sesantya sehashe ngalinye, amagosa athelekisa ixesha lokugqiba ihashe nesantya eso siganeko, aze ke adibanise okanye athabathe amanqaku asekelwe kwixesha laloo mntu. Abo ngesantya index phezu 80 bafumana Irejista yeMfaneleko ibhaso.
Arabian Horse Racing
Umdyarho wamahashe waseArabia uyafana nomdyarho wamahashe weThoroughbred kwaye wenziwa kwiindlela ezifanayo. Iintlanga zizi-4.5 ukuya kwi-14 iifarlongs, kwaye uninzi luziitarlong ezintandathu. Ama-Arabhu asulungekileyo akhuphisana namanye ama-Arabia asulungekileyo abhaliswe yi I-Arabian Horse Association (AHA) , kwaye baqalisa ukukhuphisana beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ukusukela ngo-2017, kuphela eTexas, eDelaware, eCalifornia, eColorado naseMichigan ebambe iminyhadala yomdyarho waseArabia.
IiArabiya zicotha kuneThoroughbreds malunga nesekondi enye kwifurlong nganye.
Standardbred Horse Racing
EUnited States, Ububanzi obusemgangathweni khuphisana kumdyarho weentsimbi. Le nzalo inesimilo esizolileyo, imilenze emifutshane, kunye nomqolo omde kuneThoroughbreds. Amahashe afikelela kwisantya ukuya kuthi ga kwiimayile ezingama-30 ngeyure ngelixa eshukuma ngesantya okanye isantya kwiingoma ezimdaka, kwaye uninzi lwabaphumeleleyo lugqibezela ugqatso lweemayile ubude ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emibini. Ngokwahlukileyo kugqatso lwamahashe, inkunzi nemazi zikhuphisana kugqatso olunye. Baqala ukubaleka kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kwaye Umbutho we-United States Trotting imithetho iyalela ukuba amahashe kufuneka athathe umhlala-phantsi kwezemidlalo xa efikelela kwiminyaka eyi-15.
Izinto ezimnandi zenzelwe ulutsha
Okuhle nokubi
Umdyarho wamahashe ngumdlalo onika umdla owamkela wonke umntu ukusuka kubangcakazi abazimiseleyo ukuya kubabukeli nje. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abahlalutyi bayathandabuza impilo-ntle yamahashe kunye nokuba ukhuphiswano lufanelekile na. Umdyarho wamahashe uneengenelo nezibi phakathi kolu shishino.
IiPros
- Umdyarho wamahashe a ishishini leebhiliyoni zeedola eqesha amawakawaka abantu.
- Amahashe omdyarho angaphumelelanga anokufumana impumelelo kuwo ezinye iindlela zokukhwela , njengokutsiba okanye ukunxiba.
- Ngo-2021, phantse ibhiliyoni enye yeedola kwisipaji imali yayihlawulwa, nto leyo eyayisenza ukuba umdyarho wamahashe ube nengeniso kwabo baphumeleleyo.
- Malunga ne-2.5 yeepesenti ezimbalwa ii-Thoroughbreds ezifuywa minyaka le, nto leyo enciphisa ingxaki yehashe engafunwayo .
- Umdyarho wamahashe uyonwabisa ababukeli kwaye wamkela abalandeli bazo zonke iintlobo zabantu.
Ububi
- Amahashe abaleka eselula, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuqhekeka.
- Nangona i izinga lokufa kwehashe lomdyarho iye yehla ukusuka kwi-2.00 nganye kwi-1,000 nganye iqala ngo-2009 ukuya kwi-1.41 nge-1,000 iqala ngo-2020, amakhulu asafa ngelixa ekhuphisana ngonyaka ngamnye.
- Amahashe omdyarho wamahashe ekota athandwa kakhulu ukwenzakala ngokukhawuleza kwezihlunu .
- Imiphezulu yeengoma zokwenziwa yehlisa izinga lokufa, kodwa inyuse ukwenzeka kwexesha elide, ukonzakala okungabulaliyo, ngakumbi kumalungu angasemva.
- Amazwe amaninzi ayivala i ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kumahashe omdyarho , kodwa iUnited States ayikawisi umthetho olawula oku. Nangona kunjalo, uMthetho weMfezeko kunye noKhuseleko lweHorseracing ka-2020 idlulile iNdlu yaseU.S.
Amalungiselelo Siseko
Abaqeqeshi nabanini bamahashe bachitha iiyure ezininzi belungiselela amahashe abo ebaleni, ukususela ekuqaliseni iisali ukuya kubantwana abaneminyaka emine ukuya ekubukeleni amahashe abo esaphula iintombi zabo. Ngokulungiswa kakuhle, italente ethile, kunye nethamsanqa elincinci, amahashe omdyarho anokuba nemisebenzi emide, enempumelelo emgceni.
