Ungcoliseko lwamanzi sesinye sezona zisongelo kokusingqongileyo namhlanje. Esona sisombululo sisiso kungcoliseko lwamanzi kukuthintela. Ngelixa ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwamanzi kunokubonakala ngathi yinto eyoyikisayo, kukho izinto ezininzi anokuzenza umntu ophakathi.
Ulondolozo lomhlaba lunokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwamanzi
Enye yeendlela ezibaluleke kakhulu apho umhlaba uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kukhukuliseko lomhlaba ngokwe IYunivesithi yase-Iowa (iphepha 1). Xa umhlaba ukhukuliswa ngamanzi, ugqithisela intlenge kumhlaba oya kumanzi amaninzi. Kunye nale ntlenga kuza inani lezakhamzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezikhoyo emhlabeni, ezigqithiselwa emanzini.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Ungcoliseko lwaManzi Imifanekiso
- Oonobangela boNgcoliseko lwaManzi
- Imifanekiso yeMicimbi yangoku yezeNdalo
IU.S. I-Arhente yokuKhusela iNdalo (i-EPA) icacisa ukuba izichumisi ezifama nasegadini, kunye nenye inkunkuma esemva kwendlu ethuthwa ngokhukuliseko, ngoyena nobangela ungcoliseko lwezondlo, apho imichiza efana ne-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen iphelela emanzini. Nini Amanqanaba e-phosphorus emanzini aba maninzi kakhulu , zikhokelela kwi-algae blooms ezibangela ukubulawa kweentlanzi ezinkulu kwaye zenze iindlela zamanzi zingakhuselekanga ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabantu. INgxowa-mali yeHlabathi yeZilwanyana ibonisa ukuba kwanezibulali zinambuzane zingangcolisa amanzi ngokhukuliseko lomhlaba.
hlukana neleta ubhalele umntu omthandayo
Iindlela Zokulondoloza Imihlaba
Ulondolozo lomhlaba ludinga inyathelo kwisikali esincinci kunye nesikhulu.
- Gcina udonga lwamanzi luvalwe kakuhle zizityalo ezigcina umhlaba, tyala ikhefu lomoya, ubuyisele imigxobhozo kwaye ugcine ukhuseleko lwamahlathi. Ukutyala imithi kunye nezityalo ezithile ezinobungozi kunokuba nefuthe elihle ekunciphiseni ukhukuliseko lomhlaba. Abanye izityalo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa Xa uzama ukulawula ukhukuliseko lomhlaba sisilumko, i-buckwheat, i-Apache plume, imithi ye-oki kunye ne-holly.
- Cebisa iinkomo nezilwanyana emadlelweni anezityalo kakuhle ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, kucetyiswa IYunivesithi yaseRutgers .
- Amafama angajonga iinkqubo ezininzi zenkcubeko njengokungalimi, kushiya intsalela yezityalo emasimini, kunye nokukhulisa izityalo zokugquma ngexesha lomlimi, ngokwe INkonzo yoLondolozo lweMithombo yeSizwe (iphepha 3).
- Ekhaya, abantu banokunciphisa indawo engenakuchukumiseka, batyale igadi yemvula, kwaye basebenzise umgquba wendalo kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye neziphumo zalo.
Ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo imichiza enetyhefu
Umntu oqhelekileyo uya kothuka xa esiva ukuba zingaphi iikhemikhali eziyityhefu abazisebenzisa kufutshane nekhaya labo yonke imihla, ethi Ikliniki yaseCleveland ithi ibangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo. Iikhemikhali ezinje nge ammonia, iblitshi, ipeyinti kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zokucoca zezothotho lweekhompawundi ezaziwa njenge 'Volatile Organic Compounds' (VOCs), ngokwe ISebe lezeMpilo laseMinnesota . Ezi khemikhali zibi ngokwaneleyo ejikeleze indlu, kodwa zinokubangela umonakalo kwiindlela zamanzi xa zingalahlwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Iindlela zokuKhusela ngokuKhuselekileyo kwiiKhemikhali ezinobuthi
Iikhemikhali eziyityhefu akufuneki ziphoswe kwinkunkuma ngokubanzi.
- Ukulahla ezi khemikhali okanye izikhongozeli ezihlala kuzo, kububulumko ukujonga kwizibonelelo zasekhaya zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Kwamanye amazwe, abantu bayacelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba bazilahle ngokufanelekileyo ezi khemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kwemithetho akufuneki kuthintele abantu abanoxanduva lokulahla imichiza eyingozi ngendlela yokuziphatha, nekhuselekileyo. Sebenzisa Izixhobo zomhlaba ezingama-911 ukufumana iziko lokurisayikilisha lendawo ekufutshane nenkunkuma eyityhefu.
- Zininzi ke nazo imithombo yolwazi yendawo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa izixhobo zokulahla inkunkuma kwindawo leyo.
- Ngaphandle koorhulumente, amashishini ezorhwebo unikeze iveni yokuphuthuma ekhaya, ukubuyisela i-imeyile-izinto zokurisayikilisha okanye ingqokelela yoluntu kunye nokuyeka amaziko okulahla inkunkuma eyingozi.
- Abantu banokuziqhelanisa neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokugcina izinto de zilahlwe, icebisa Iziko lokuNciphisa inkunkuma noKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe kwiNew York State.
Ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo kunokulawula ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kunye nomhlaba.
Gcina oomatshini ngokusebenza kakuhle
Ioyile isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa iinjini kuzo zonke iintlobo zoomatshini. Inkqubo ye- IMassachusetts IOfisi eLawulayo yezaMandla neMicimbi yezeNdalo icacisa ukuba i-oyile kunye ne-petroleum ayinyibiliki emanzini kwaye inokuba yingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo nakubantu. Baqaphela ukuba 'amaMelika achitha i-180 yezigidi zeelitha zeoyile esetyenzisiweyo unyaka nonyaka emanzini esizwe.'
Xa injini evuzayo ikhupha le oli esitratweni, ibaleka iye kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka kwaye isuka apho iye kwiindlela zamanzi. Nokuba idriphu encinci yeoyile inokujika ibe yintlekele xa ucinga ngento yokuba ikhona ngaphezulu kwezithuthi ezingama-260 endleleni eUnited States kuphela.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lweoyile ukunqanda ukuchitheka kweoyile
Imibhobho evuzayo, utshintsho lweoyile kunye nokulahlwa kweoyile okungafanelekanga kufuneka kujongwane nako. IOfisi yoLawulo yeMassachusetts neMicimbi yezeNdalo, kunye namanye amaqela, icebisa abantu ukuba benze oku kulandelayo.
- Sebenzisa amadlavu okanye iipani zokuthontsiza ukuqokelela ioyile kwimibhobho evuzayo okanye ngexesha lokulungisa, ubhala IYunivesithi yaseFlorida .
- Gcina izithuthi noomatshini zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza.
- Inkqubo ye- IZiko laseMelika lePetroleum icebisa ukuthatha ioyile esele isetyenzisiwe ukuphinda isetyenziselwe ukuphinda isebenze kunye nokulungisa indawo. Sebenzisa uMhlaba 911 ukufumana iziko lokulahla indawo elikufutshane.
- Thenga ioyile esetyenzisiweyo kunye ziphinde zisetyenziswe .
Gwema iiplastiki xa kunokwenzeka
Uqikelelo oluninzi lubeka ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki ngabantu phakathi I-250 ukuya kwi-300 yezigidi zeetoni unyaka. Malunga 80% yeplastiki elwandle ivela emhlabeni. Ubume obuninzi beplastiki kuluntu lwanamhlanje kungenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokufikeleleka okubenza bakhethe ngokucacileyo kwabaninzi. I-adage Reduce-Reuse-Recycle isabalulekile ukujongana nengxaki yenkunkuma yeplastiki.
Umthi wekrisimesi oneribhoni esongelwe ngeenxa zonke
Ukunciphisa
Iingxowa zeplastiki elwandle yinto ebonakalisa ukungcola kwamanzi. Inethiwekhi kaMama weNdalo (MNN) iphakamisa iindlela ezininzi ezilula abantu abanokuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa iiplastikhi kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Endaweni yokusebenzisa imigqomo yeplastiki ukugcina ukutya, zama ukukhetha ezinye iindlela zeglasi. Iglasi ayisiyiyo kuphela inketho ezinzileyo kuneplastiki, kodwa ayikugcini ukuvumba kokutya kwaye kulula ukuyicoca.
- Yithi hayi kwimicu yeplastiki, itshungama, iikomityi zokusebenzisa into enye, iipleyiti ezilahlwayo kunye nokusika, izibane zeplastikhi, izinto zenziwe ngeplastikhi kunye namanabukeni okwenziwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela zeplastiki okanye iiplastiki 'ezingasasetyenziswayo' xa kunokwenzeka kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nefuthe elimangalisayo kungcoliseko lwaselwandle.
Sebenzisa kwakhona
I-MNN icebisa ukuphinda usebenzise iibhotile zeplastiki kunye nezikhongozeli ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa.
Phinda usetyenziswe
Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zeplastiki, ezinye zinokuphinda zisebenze kwakhona kunabanye. Umhlaba 911 icebisa abantu:
- Lahla iPET (iPlastikhi 1) kunye neHDPE (iPlastiki 2) kwimigqomo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ebonelelwa ngoorhulumente.
- Iintlobo zeplastiki 3 ukuya ku-7 kufuneka zisiwe kumaziko okuqokelela amiselwe ngabavelisi ukuze babuyise iipakethe zabo ezingenanto, abathi baziphinde bazisebenzise.
Coca iilwandle kunye nemilambo yamanzi
Amanzi abona ulonwabo lwabantu abonisa ubungqina obuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwabantu. Izisongelo, iibhotile kunye nenye inkunkuma yinto eqhelekileyo kwiilwandle ezininzi ezixakekileyo nakwimilambo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ziphela kwiindlela zamanzi zibangela ungcoliseko. Iiplastikhi ngumba omkhulu ngakumbi xa kufikwa kungcoliseko lwamanzi kwiilwandle nakwiindlela zamanzi ngokwe IJografi yeSizwe .
Ezinye zeendlela zokunciphisa inkunkuma ngokwe ISebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu laseNorth Carolina Zisekwe kwinto nganye ayenzayo.
- Musa ukungcola: Kunqande ukulahla iingxowa, iintsalela zeziqhamo, okanye iimpundu zecuba nayo nayiphi na enye inkunkuma ngaphandle kweemoto.
- Thatha inkunkuma: Ukuchola inkunkuma yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo kwaye ekhawulezayo umntu anokwenza eyakhe indima yokumisa olu hlobo lokungcoliseka kwamanzi.
- Lungiselela amaqela okucoca: Lungiselela amaqela okucoca nabantu bendawo ukuze ufikelele ngakumbi. Fumana amashishini abandakanyekayo njengabaxhasi ukunikela amabhaso kumntu oqokelela inkunkuma enkulu ukuba kunzima ukufumana abantu ukuba babhalisele ukunceda.
Yitya ukutya okuzinzileyo kwendalo
Iifama ezinkulu zeefektri zorhwebo zinefuthe elibi kumgangatho wamanzi. Kwiifama zeshishini, kukho ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwezichumisi zamachiza kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane eziphela kwimithombo yamanzi, ngokuka Umanyano lweeNzululwazi eziXhalabileyo . Kwindlela 'yefektri' yokusebenza kwemfuyo,imfuyo igcinwa isondelelenekwiimeko ezixineneyo. Njengokuba izilwanyana zivelisa inkunkuma kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, zivelisa inani leetyhefu ezinokugqithisa iinkqubo zokucoca amanzi kwaye zingene kwimithombo yamanzi yasemanzini okanye kumanzi amdaka, Inkqubo yoLwandiso lweNtsebenziswano yeAlabama (iphepha. 1-3). Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye neehomoni ezondliwa kwezi zilwanyana nazo ziyaphuma kwinkunkuma yezilwanyana, ethi ke ingcolise amanzi ngakumbi.
Yiya kwiOrganic Ukunciphisa Ungcoliseko lweZondlo
Abantu banokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngokwamkela indlela yokuphila yendalo.
- Thenga ukutya okune-organic ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali emthonjeni nakukutya okutyiweyo.
- Yitya iinxalenye ezincinci zenyama okanye utye inyama amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki, utsho Iqela elisebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo , ukuba ufuna ukuya eluhlaza.
- Oku akuthethi ukuba abantu abanakutya inyama ngaphandle kokufaka isandla kule ngxaki. Inyama evela kwimisebenzi yemfuyo etyiswa ngengca okanye kwimithombo yendalo sisinye isisombululo, ngokwe Umgcini .
Lahla inkunkuma yezamayeza ngokufanelekileyo
Enye ingxaki enkulu ejongene neendlela zamanzi kwihlabathi liphela kukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kwamayeza kagqirha. Inkqubo ye- Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (I-WHO) inika ingxelo ye-15% yenkunkuma yezonyango enobungozi. Ezishiyekileyo ziyosulela, zinetyhefu okanye zinemitha yeathom, kwaye iziyobisi ziyinxalenye yeengxaki ezinokuba mbi kwindalo esingqongileyo nakubantu.
Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yezamayeza, amayeza amiselweyo okanye ezinye iimveliso zononophelo zahlukile:
indlela yokucoca ukhuko lokuhlambela irabha
- Inkunkuma yezamayeza kufuneka ilahlwe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma elungiswe kakuhle ukunqanda ukuvuza kwemichiza emhlabeni nasemanzini aphantsi komhlaba.
- Izitshisi zanamhlanje ezinezixhobo zokucoca igesi, okanye obunye ubuchwephesha obunjengokuzenzekelayo, ukucoca i-microwave, okanye unyango lomphunga wenkunkuma eyosulelayo zikhuthazwa yi-WHO.
Amayeza amiselweyo, i Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) icebisa:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwewebhusayithi zikarhulumente wasekhaya, okanye ukunxibelelana nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kwendawo kunye nabasemagunyeni bokurisayikilisha besixeko okanye isiphaluka ukuze bafunde ngeendlela zalapha ekhaya.
- Sebenzisa i Isebe lezoBulungisa laseMelika kunye neArhente yoNyanzeliso lweziyobisi (DEA) iwebhusayithi ukufumana iziko lokuqokelela lendawo.
- Ukuba akukho baqokeleli bafumanekayo, susa amayeza ekupakisheni, xuba 'neendawo zekofu, ubumdaka okanye inkunkuma yekati,' emva koko ubeke kwibhokisi yeplastiki okanye yesinyithi ukuthintela ukugqabhuka, nokuphosa inkunkuma ngokubanzi.
- Amayeza okugungxula akacetyiswa ngaphandle kokuba kucetyiswe ngokukodwa kwiphakheji. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngengozi kwamanye amayeza anokubulala.
Inkunkuma yaseKhaya kunye noGutyulo
Amanzi enkunkuma kunye namanzi esichotho abangela ungcoliseko lwezondlo. Amanzi amdaka aqukethe i-phosphorus kunye ne-nitrogen evela kwilindle lomntu, iisepha kunye nokutya. Uninzi lwelindle liphathwa kwiinkqubo zoluntu, kodwa amanye amakhaya aphatha amanzi abo amdaka kwiitanki ze-septic, amanqaku I-EPA (Ulawulo lwaManzi eNkunkuma) .
Inkqubo ye- Iingcebiso ze-EPA abantu banokusebenzisa ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwamanzi ekhaya. Iingcebiso zokugcina inkunkuma yasekhaya ekungcoliseni indalo zibandakanya oku kulandelayo.
- Sebenzisa kwaye ugcine iinkqubo ze-septic ngokufanelekileyo.
- Sebenzisa iisepha ezingenayo iphosphorus kunye nesepha.
- Uzinzo noLawulo lwaManzi ukhuthaza ukulayishwa okufanelekileyo koomatshini bokuhlamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexabiso elichanekileyo lezinto zokucoca.
- Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokuthatha iishawa ezimfutshane, ukuthintela ukuvuza, kunye nokusebenzisa iimpompo ezinamanzi asezantsi ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi amdaka.
- Inkqubo ye- IBhunga lezoKhuselo lweNdalo icebisa ukuba kuthathwe izilwanyana zasekhaya ngexesha lokuhamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindlela zamanzi azingcoliswa yinkunkuma yazo.
- Hlamba iimoto kwindawo ezinengca hayi kwindawo engenakuchukunyiswa, okanye kumaziko okuhlamba.
Yiba esebenzayo kwaye Bandakanyeka
Ngaba ikhona inkampani yendawo ekhupha ubushushu, izinto ezipholisayo okanye iikhemikhali kwindlela yamanzi ekufuphi? Ngaba ukhukuliseko lomhlaba luye lwabonwa? Okanye ukuvuza kweoyile okanye ukuchitheka? Zisoloko zikhona iindlela zokuba abantu babandakanyeke kwaye benze okuthile ngayo.
- Nxibelelana ne-EPA, abasemagunyeni bendawo okanye ubhalele iintloko zeenkampani.
- Joyina imibutho yolondolozo lwasekhaya ukuze ubandakanyeke ekusombululeni le micimbi. Imibutho yesizwe efana Iqela leSierra inezahluko zendawo ezisebenzayo kakhulu.
- Ukusasaza ulwazi lweengxaki njengenyathelo lokuqala elikhulu lokulwa nazo. Ngombulelo kumandla ombutho abonelelwa yi-Intanethi kunye neenethiwekhi zokunxibelelana, owona mqobo mkhulu ekuzibandakanyeni nale micimbi ngumnqweno womntu wokuyenza.
Yenza umehluko
Ngelixa izisombululo zongcoliseko lwamanzi zisenokubonakala ngathi zincinci kakhulu, zishiywe lixesha xa zijongwa kukuchitheka okukhulu kweoyile kunye neziqithi zeplastiki ezidadayo, ziyimfuneko ukuthintela ezi ngxaki ukuba zingakhuli ngakumbi. Ukunciphisa isantya songcoliseko kunokunika okusingqongileyo kunye noososayensi ixesha lokufumana izisombululo zexesha elide kwezona ngxaki zingcoliseko lwamanzi. Abantu ababambeleyo ukuthintela ungcoliseko banceda ukukhusela amanzi kubo bobabini nayo yonke enye into exhomekeke kwesi sixhobo sixabisekileyo.
