IJazz luhlobo lomculo oluye yavela eUnited States malunga nenkulungwane yama-20. Inengcambu zayo kumculo we-blues, kwaye uhlobo luzele uninzi lweendlela ze-jazz kule nkulungwane idlulileyo.
Izitayile zeJazz
Iindlela ezininzi zejazz zikhona, nganye inempawu zayo ezizodwa. Mamela iisampulu zeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuva ukuba uhlobo luye lwavela njani.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Imbali yoMdaniso weJazz
- Abadanisi beJazz abadumileyo
- Isigama seJazz Dance
IBlues
I-blues yindlela yokuqala ye-jazz eyaba yinto eyaziwayo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, elivela kwiindawo zase-Afrika zaseMerika kwi-Deep South. Iimvumi zangoku ziyaqhubeka ukubandakanya ii-blues riffs kunye nemixholo kumculo omninzi othandwayo namhlanje kwiindidi ezinje ngesingqisho kunye neblues (R&B), ilizwe kunye nelitye.
ubunzima bomfazi oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala
Ekuqaleni, izixhobo zeblues eziqhelekileyo zazibandakanya ipiyano, iharmonica, ikatala kunye nezwi. Iiblues zemveli zixhomekeke kwinkqubela phambili ethile, kunye nesingqisho sebhasi yokuhamba (eyaziwa ngokuba kukushukuma). I-blues ikwabandakanya umnxeba kunye nendlela yokuphendula kumculo apho imvumi enye idlala okanye icule ibinzana, kwaye enye imvumi 'iphendule.'
I-Blues inezinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga, kubandakanya iblues yelizwe, iiblues zasezidolophini, iijazz blues, i-Kansas City blues, i-Chicago blues, i-Detroit blues, kunye neeblues zangoku.
- Abaculi abadumileyo be-blues baquka uLouis Armstrong ( I-Saint Louis Blues ) kunye noBig Joe Turner ( Qengqa 'Em Pete )
- Kamva iimvumi zeblues zibandakanya uRay Charles ( IGeorgia engqondweni yam kunye neMemphis Slim ( Umama Umhlaba )
- Iimvumi zeblues zale mihla zibandakanya uBK King ( Kutheni ndicula iiBlues ), UGeorge Thorogood ( Enye iBourbon, iScotch enye, ibhiya enye ), Kwaye uStevie Ray Vaughan ( Ikratshi noVuyo )
Ixesha le-Rag
Enye yeendlela zokuqala zejazz, Ixesha lomculo lakhula lathandwa kwii-1890s. Omnye wabaqambi bexesha elaziwa kakhulu, uScott Joplin, wabhala iphepha lomculo elihlala kwindawo yokurekhoda yeemvumi namhlanje. Amadlavu kaJoplin abandakanya owona msebenzi wakhe waziwayo, UMonwabisi , kunye nezinye iziqwenga ezinjenge Imephu yeLeaf Rag kwaye IWall Street Rag.
Amaqhekeza exesha le-Rag yayiyindibaniselwano yomculo wendlela yokumasha kunye nesingqi seAfrika, kwaye babonisa ukuvumelanisa okunzima okwaziwa ngokuba yi-'ragging. ' Ngelixa iziqwenga zikaJoplin zazidlalwa ikakhulu kwipiyano, amaqela exesha leengoma nawo enza umculo ngabaqambi abanjengoIrving Berlin ( Ibhendi ka-Alexander yeRagtime ), UClaude Debussy ( Cakewalk kaGolliwog ), kunye neJelly Roll Morton ( IKansas City Stomp ).
Ujingi
Ngoo-1930 no-1940, ukuguqula umculo yanda ithandwa. Umculo oguqulwayo wawusoloko usenziwa 'ngamabhanti amakhulu' kunye neemvumi ezahlukeneyo kumacandelo kubandakanya isingqisho (ipiyano, isandi, ikatala, ibhasi), ubhedu (amaxilongo kunye neetrombones), i-woodwind (i-clarinet kunye ne-saxophones), kunye namazwi. Umculo we-Swing ubonakalisa izingqisho ezigxininisa kwi-offbeat. Uninzi lweetshathi lwalunesandi esikhulu, esinamandla ngenxa yobungakanani bebhendi.
Iimvumi ezidumileyo eziguqukayo zibandakanya u-Count Basie ( Mnandi uGeorgia Brown ), UDuke Ellington ( Ayithethi into ukuba ayinayo loo Swing ), Kunye noGlenn Miller (Emdleni ). Namhlanje, ujingi uyonwabele imvuselelo enkosi kumaqela afana ne ICherry Poppin Daddies .
Dixieland
Kwaziwa njenge Ijazz yaseNew Orleans okanye ukuhamba ngejazz, iDixieland ineempawu zobhedu oludlamkileyo, izingqisho zomculo, kunye neengoma ezinomtsalane ezinje Xa abangcwele Bangena ngokuMatsha . Kwi-Dixieland umculo, isixhobo esinye siya kudlala ingoma yomculo, ngelixa onke amanye amacandelo ebhendi ehlaziya umculo. Isiphumo ngumculo odlamkileyo kunye nowonwabisayo onesandi esahlukileyo.
UDixieland waqala eNew Orleans ekuqaleni kwee-1900, kwaye isitayela esihlala sithandwa eMzantsi namhlanje.
Iimvumi ezininzi ze-jazz zibandakanya iDixieland kwii-repertoires zabo, kubandakanya zikaLouis Armstrong Isitalato iBlues Blues kunye noIsham Jones Wabash Blues .
Umlinganiselo wesoda yokubhaka kwiviniga ukucoca amadreyini
Bebop
Ngoo-1940, umculo we-bebop weza ebudaleni. Ezi tshathi zibonakalisa izingqisho ezikhawulezayo, uninzi lokuhlaziywa, kunye neengoma zomculo ezinobunzima kakhulu. IBebop yayingumculo weemvumi ngenxa yenqanaba lesakhono elalifunwa kokubini lokudlala nokumamela. Ngokwesiqhelo, iimvumi ze-bebop zazidlala kwii-combos ezincinci ezinama-bass, iidrum, i-sax, ipiyano kunye nexilongo, ngokuchasene namaqela amakhulu okanye amaqela amakhulu.
Ngokungafaniyo neenguqulelo zangaphambili ze-jazz, i-bebop ayizange idlalwe ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuyidanisa. Oku kuvumele iitempos ezikhawulezayo kunye namacandelo amade okuphucula izixhobo ezizodwa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwi-combo. Ngexesha lamacandelo okuphucula, imvumi eyimvumi yayihlala ichaza uncuthu lwengoma ngelixa ikhatshwa licandelo lesingqisho. Ukucula kwe-Scat (usebenzisa iisilabhili ezingenangqondo ukucula umculo ophuculweyo) kuqhelekile kumculo we-bebop.
Izinto abantu abamele bathethe ngazo ngaphambi komtshato
Iimvumi ezidumileyo ze-bebop zibandakanya i-saxophonist Cannonball Adderley ( Inceba, inceba, inceba ), Umdlali wexilongo uMiles Davis ( Ke ngoku ), kunye nesaxophonist uCharlie 'Bird' Parker (Ko Ko).
IJazz epholileyo
Njengenye indlela yetempo ethe kratya kunye ne-bebop engacwangciswanga, i-jazz epholileyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi Ijazz yoNxweme oluseNtshona , Ibonisa iitempos ezicothayo ezinesandi sokuhamba kunye nolwakhiwo olukhulu. I-jazz epholileyo ngokwayo yayisekwe kwindibaniselwano yejazz kunye nomculo weklasikhi, ukwenza iziqwenga zomculo ezihamba kakuhle kwaye kwakulula ukumamela.
Ngelixa ukuphuculwa yayiseyinxalenye yejezi epholileyo, eyona nto yayingumculo, owawudlalwa ziimpondo kwaye ukhatshwa licandelo lesingqisho. Oku kuboleke umculo isandi esingqengqileyo esifunyenwe kuninzi lweziqwenga zikaDave Brubeck ezinje Thatha isihlanu . Ezinye iziqwenga ezipholileyo zejazz zibandakanya uWoody Herman's Ekwindla kwangoko kunye neMiles Davis Ujikeleze ezinzulwini zobusuku .
IJazz yesiLatin
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kunye neyee-1970, inani le Uhlobo lweLatin lwejazz yathandwa kubandakanya iAfro-Cuban jazz kunye neAfro-Brazilian jazz. Ezi zitayile zibonisa izingqisho zesiLatin ezidlalwa kwizixhobo ezinje ngee-timbales okanye iigophe, kunye ne-bossa nova okanye imigca ye-samba bass. Ezi zingqisho zibonisa ukuvumelanisa okunzima kwaye zivela kwimpembelelo yesiLatin neyaseAfrika. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindidi ze-jazz eziguqula amanqaku asibhozo, i-jazz yesiLatin ixhomekeke kumanqaku asibhozo athe ngqo kwiimvumi abadlala inqaku ngalinye lesibini senqaku ngexesha elinye.
Iingoma ezidumileyo zeLatin jazz zibandakanya uDizzy Gillespie's Ubusuku eTunisia , UAlexander Carlos Jobim Intombazana evela eIpanema , kunye noDuke Ellington Ikharavani .
Ukuhlanganiswa kweJazz
Ii-60s kunye nee-70s zazisa nokudityaniswa kwejezi kunye nelitye elibizwa ukudityaniswa kwejazz . Ngelixa izingqisho zolu hlobo zazigqityiwe, umculo wawubonakaliswe ngokuphuculwa, iijazz chords, kunye nokuvumelanisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kweJazz kwakudla ngokudlala izixhobo zerock ezinje ngegitare yombane, ilungu leHammond, kunye neebhasi zombane, ngokuchaseneyo nesixhobo somculo wejazz
Ukuhlanganiswa kweJazz kwakumele okokuqala ijezi kunye neliwa liphuma kumazwe abo ahlukeneyo ukuze badibane babe yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo. Iingoma ezininzi ze-jazz fusion zaye zaduma kwizintlu ezingama-40 zomculo wepop, zizisa intwana yejazz kubaphulaphuli ababanzi.
Uhlamba njani i-polyester couchion cushion cover
Amagcisa afana neChick Corea ( Speyin ), UHerbie Hancock ( Inyamakazi kunye noCarlos Santana ( Uthando oluphezulu ) Zonke izinto ezirekhodiweyo zejazz fusion.
Funk
Ijazz funk ibonisa izandi zombane kunye nesingqi esomeleleyo, esibuhlungu Umculo wakhula uthandwa kwiminyaka yee-1970 kunye neye-1980. Ngenxa yesingqisho kunye nokubetha, iziqwenga ze-funk ziyadanisa, zisenza ukuba zibe yindawo yokutya yomdaniso eyaziwayo.
Ngokomculo, i-jazz funk yayihlala inezixhobo ezingabonakaliyo kumculo wejazz, ezinje ngezihlanganisi, iipiyano zombane, kunye neebhasi zombane, kunye nezixhobo zejazz eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngeengoma, ipiyano, izixhobo zobhedu kunye nesaxophone.
Iingoma kolu hlobo ziquka uHerbie Hancock Indoda yevatala kunye noHarvey Mason Ude Uthathe Uthando lwam .
IJidi yeAcidi
I-1980s yaphakathi yazisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-jazz- acid jazz- yeyiphi yavela kwindawo yeklabhu yaseLondon . Abaculi bejazz beasidi bahlala besampula kumaqhekeza emveli e-jazz, bewafaka kunye nokubetha kwe-elektroniki. Amanye amagcisa adibanise izinto zejazz, ihip hop, kunye ne-funk ukwenza umculo womdaniso onesandi esikhethekileyo se-elektroniki. Isixhobo se-jazz esine-asidi siquka icandelo lesingqisho kunye neempondo, kunye neemvumi, rap, okanye ii-DJs.
Iziqwenga zeasidi zejazz ezidumileyo zibandakanya uJ. Spencer Inyanga eBlue , ZikaBalanco Isinamoni kunye neClove , kunye noMoya woLwelo Ndibonise .
yeyiphi umbala endijongeka ngayo
IJazz egudileyo
Ngoo-1980 nangaphaya, ijezi egudileyo yanda ithandwa. I-jazz emnandi maxa wambi ihlelwa njengomculo wabantu abadala, kwaye ibonakalisa izingqisho ezicothayo ezinezixhobo zomculo okanye i-vocal solos. Uninzi lweziqwenga zejezi ezigudileyo ziphantsi kwetempile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinokuqwalaselwa njengeebhaladi. I-Saxophones kunye namazwi zizinto ezizodwa ezithandwayo zodwa kuhlobo olo, olwabona ukuthandwa okunjalo kwiminyaka yama-90 nakwiminyaka yokuqala yoo-2000 kangangokuba uninzi lwezikhululo zikanomathotholo zazinefomathi yejazz egudileyo.
Ngelixa uhlobo olo lungathandwa kangako namhlanje, iimvumi ezininzi ze-jazz ezigudileyo zihlala zijongwa kakhulu. Iimvumi ezidumileyo zibandakanya uKenny G ( Ngonaphakade eluthandweni UAnita Baker ( Uthando oluswiti ), kunye noDavid Sanborn ( Umphefumlo weSerenade ).
Uguquko lweJazz
IJazz iguqukile ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ivela kwifuthe lomculo weklasikhi kunye nowaseAfrika kwaye kubandakanya uluhlu olwahlukileyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngeentlobo ezininzi ze-jazz onokukhetha kuzo, ukufumana isitayile esikuthandayo kulula, ke tune kwi-jazz ethile yokwandisa umculo wakho.
