Amakhandlela anokufumaneka kumakhaya amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa abantu abawatshisayo banokungayiqondi into eyenziwayo. Impendulo iyahluka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlobo ngalunye lwe-wax.
Ikhandlela leKhandlela Ngamaxesha aBudala
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iintlobo ezininzi zezinto zisetyenziselwe ukwenza ikhandlela ye-wax. Ukusukela kumaxesha empucuko yakudala ukuya kwii-1800s, ikhandlela wax lalenziwe ngezinto zokwenza izinto. Ngokwe- Umbutho weSizwe weeKhandlela , ezi zinto zibandakanyiwe:
- Tallow, enikezelwa ngamanqatha ezilwanyana
- Yenyosi
- Isiphumo esivela kwizinambuzane zecoccos pella
- Iziqhamo ezibilisiweyo zomthi wesinamon
- I-Spermaceti eyenziwe kwintloko yeoli yomnenga wesidoda
- Izicatshulwa zamandongomane omthi
- I-10 + iiMilo zeKhandlela eziYilayo kwiiYilo eziNgaqhelekanga
- Amakhandlela eTshokholethi Anuka kamnandi
- Abanini beKhandlela abaThengi ngexabiso eliphantsi
Embindini we-1800s bekukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezenziweyo kushishino lwekhandlela lamakhandlela - i-wax yestarin kunye neparafini. I-wax ye-Stearin yaveliswa kwi-asidi ye-stearic ekhishwe kwii-acid ezinamafutha ezilwanyana. Olu hlobo lwekhandlela lekhandlela luye lwathandwa eYurophu. Iparafini wax, eyaduma eUnited States, yaveliswa njengesiphumo sokususa into yendalo ye-wax eyenziwe ngexesha lokucokiswa kwepetroleum, okanye ioyile ekrwada.
Uhlaziyo ekubunjweni kwamakhandlela
Ngexesha leminyaka eli-150 elandelayo izinto ezininzi ezenzekayo zekhandlela zekhandlela zenzeka. Olu phuhliso lubandakanya:
- Amakhandlela okusebenza ekhandlela
- Imichiza yekhandlela eyenziwe ngokwemichiza
- Gel wax
- Imifuno esekwe kumakhandlela, njengeoyile kunye neoyile yesundu
- Amakhandlela e-wax amakhandlela
- Iifomula zekhandlela zesiko
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeKhandlela leWax
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvelaphi yekhandlela lekhandlela yi-petroleum, isilwanyana, okanye imifuno, uMbutho weSizwe weeKhandlela uthi onke amakhandlela ahlanganyela ngeempawu eziqhelekileyo:
indlela yokufumana amabala atyheli ezimpahleni ezigciniweyo
- Ukwenza i-Hydrocarbon, indibaniselwano yehydrogen kunye nekhabhoni
- Iqinile kubushushu begumbi kunye nolwelo xa ishushu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermoplasticity
- Ukuphendula okuphantsi kwamachiza
- Ukuphinda ugxothe amanzi
- Ityhefu esezantsi
- Ivumba elincinci
- Ubume obugudileyo
Iparafini Wax kunye nokunye Ukwenziwa kwamakhandlela ePetroleum
Uhlobo oluthandwayo lwekhandlela lekhandlela elisetyenzisiweyo namhlanje yiparafini wax, uhlobo lwe-petroleum wax. Ifomula yeplani yefomula ngokubanzi yiCnH2n + 2, ngokwe ChemistryIziboniso , Ngokuba linani elahlukileyo leeathom zekhabhon. Nangona ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali ze-wax kuhlala kukhabhon kunye ne-hydrogen, elona nani le-athomu liya kwahluka ngokusekwe kwimvelaphi ye-wax.
Inkqubo yemichiza esetyenziselwa ukucoca ioyile ekrwada ibangela iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zekhandlela ezisekwe ngepetroleum ezenziweyo, nganye Iqela leHlabathi, Inc. , isicoci se-wax kunye neprosesa. Ngalunye lwezi ntlobo zine-wax zinemichiza eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo ebangela oku kulandelayo:
- Iiparafini waxes, ezinendawo yokunyibilika ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-160 degrees Fahrenheit kwaye zingqamene nehydrocarbons.
- Imicro ye-Microcrystalline waxes, edla ngokusetyenziswa njengesongezo kwaye ingumxube weehydrocarbon ezigcweleyo ezinendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu kunye nomxholo weoyile esezantsi.
- I-Petrolatum, eyi-wax ethambileyo eyenziwe ngomxube we-microcrystalline wax kunye neoyile.
Olunye udibaniso lwamaKhandlela aqhelekileyo
Iinyosi, ii-wax ezisekwe kwimifuno, kunye nejeli zikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza amakhandlela.
Amakhandlela e-Beeswax
Amakhandlela e-beeswax athandwa ngabantu abaninzi njengoko kusithiwa atshisa izinto ezicocekileyo, ezinde nezikhanyayo kunamakhandlela enziwe ngolunye uhlobo lwe-wax. Olu hlobo lwendalo luthumela ukukhanya, ivumba elimnandi xa litshisiwe. Yayo ifomula yemichiza Ngu-C15 H31 CO2 C30 H61.
Imifuno Ngokusekelwe Amakhandlela Wax
Ezona ntlobo zimbini zixabisekileyo zekhandlela esekwe kwimifuno yesoya kunye nesundu, ethi utshise kancinci . Okwangoku akukho migaqo ikhoyo yokwenziwa kwekhandlela elisekwe kwimifuno.
Gel Amakhandlela Waxes
I-wax yekhandlela yeGel yenziwe isiseko sehydrocarbon isitokhwe kwaye iyabonakala. I-wax iveliswa kubuninzi bobunzima kubandakanya ipolymer esezantsi, ipholima ephakathi kunye nejel ephezulu.
Izinto ezongezelelweyo ezichaphazela ukwenziwa kweMichiza
Ngayo I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo (i-EPA) , ezi zinto zongezelelweyo zichaphazela ukwenziwa kokugqibela kweekhemikhali zekhandlela lekhandlela:
- Ukongezwa kwevumba elimnandi
- Ukongezwa kwamabala
- Idayi kunye neebala
- Indibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo kunye nemixube ye waxes
Ikhandlela elilungileyo kuwe
Nangona uninzi lweekhandlela ezikhoyo zinezinto ezifanayo zokwenziwa kwemichiza ye-wax, ikhandlela ngalinye liya kuba nezeti zalo zezithako ezithile, ivumba kunye nomgangatho ovuthayo. Jonga umva wekhandlela okanye kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba uluhlu lwezithako luyafumaneka nakweyiphi na ikhandlela. Uvavanyo kunye nephutha kunokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi na uhlobo lwekhandlela elifanelekileyo lokukhanyisa ekhayeni lakho.
