IShedyuli yoGonyo lwaBantwana kunye netshati eIndiya- ngo-2021

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KWELI NQAKU

IShedyuli yokuGonya kwiintsana kunye nabantwana baseIndiya
Ezinye izitofu zokugonya
Kutheni iintsana zidinga uGonyo?
Ukubamba kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okugonya
Ukunyangwa ngokuPhangaleleyo kunye noLungelo lwazo zonke izitofu zokugonya
Amanqaku Mawakhunjulwe Ngexesha Logonyo

Ugonyo lweentsana sesona sicwangciso sisebenzayo sokukhusela okanye ukugonya umntwana wakho kwizifo ezahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendleko zonyango lokugula, ugonyo nalo luyonga iindleko. Izitofu zokugonya zikwakhusela izifo ezininzi ezibeka ubomi esichengeni, kunye neengxaki ezihlala njalo, ezifana nepoliyo (Nye) .

Ii-Antigens okanye iinxalenye ze-antigens ezibangela izifo ziqulethwe kwizitofu zokugonya. Kuba ii-antigens kugonyo zibuthathaka okanye zibulawa kwiilabhoratri ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwizitofu zokugonya, azibangeli izifo. Nangona kunjalo, zinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukwenza izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene ne-antigen ekuthethwa ngayo. Ngoko ke, kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho uhlakulela ukhuseleko ngaphandle kokugula (Mbini) .

Funda kabanzi malunga neshedyuli yokugonywa kweentsana zaseIndiya, izizathu zokugonywa, kunye neziphumo zokungagonywa.

IShedyuli yokuGonya kwiintsana kunye nabantwana baseIndiya

IKomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZitofu kunye neZenzo zoGonyo (ACVIP) ye-Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) inoxanduva lokuphonononga kunye nohlaziyo lweshedyuli yokugonywa kwiintsana kunye nabantwana (iminyaka eyi-0-18) eIndiya. Zonke izitofu zokugonya ezinelayisensi zibandakanyiwe kwishedyuli yokugonya ngokusekelwe kubungqina bekliniki kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yeShedyuli yeSizwe yokugonya.

Gqibezela okanye ugonyo olupheleleyo ukhuseleko luchazwa njengomntwana ofumene idosi enye yeBCG, iidosi ezintathu zepentavalent, pneumococcal conjugate (PCV), izitofu zokugonya ipoliyo ngomlomo (OPV); iidosi ezimbini zentsholongwane yeRota kunye nedosi enye yesitofu sokugonya imasisi.

Izitofu zokugonya kwiminyaka nganye zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo (3) .

# Ezi zitofu zinikezelwa kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kwesi sifo okanye abo bahlala kwiindawo ezigqugqisayo. Ixesha elibekiweyo linokwahluka kwezi, kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto. Unokufuna iingcebiso kugqirha wabantwana malunga neengcebiso zomntu ngamnye.

Ezi zinokunikwa njengezitofu zokugonya olunye kwaye njengezitofu ezidibeneyo. Oogqirha babantwana banokuncomela izitofu zokugonya ezingenantlungu . Umzekelo, ugqirha wabantwana unokucebisa izitofu zokugonya i-acellular pertussis ezinokuba neentlungu ezincinci kunye nesiphumo sendawo yokutofa kunee-cell-cell pertussis zokugonya.

Ugonyo lomkhuhlane wonyaka, olunikezelwa ngonyaka, unokukhusela umntwana wakho kumkhuhlane kunye neengxaki zawo. Abantwana abafumana izithonga zonyaka zomkhuhlane banokuba neengxaki ezimbalwa zomkhuhlane nokuba bafumene umkhuhlane.

Kwimeko apho uphose isitofu sokugonya esicwangcisiweyo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho wabantwana ukuze wazi ixesha lokubamba kwaye ugonye phakathi kweli xesha.

Ezinye izitofu zokugonya

Isitofu sokugonya umgada asiyonxalenye ekujoliswe kuyo kwishedyuli yogonyo. Inikwa emva kokulunywa kwezilwanyana okanye imikrwelo, ekubhekiselwa kuko njenge-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Ukulunywa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezasendle kufuneka kujongwane nokhathalelo olululo lwenxeba kunye nogonyo lomgada.

Okwangoku, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ucebisa i-preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kubantwana abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, kuquka nabantwana abanezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nabo basengozini yokulunywa zizilwanyana.

Iidosi ezine zesitofu sokugonya umgada ziyacetyiswa, kwaye i-rabies monoclonal antibody iyacetyiswa endaweni yomgada i-immunoglobulin kubantwana abanodidi III lokulunywa zizilwanyana. (4) . Izilonda ezilodwa okanye ezininzi zesikhumba kunye nemikrwelo, ukungcoliswa ngamathe ngamanxeba ezilwanyana ezikhothayo kunye neembrane ze-mucous, okanye ukuvezwa okukhulu, njengokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo namalulwane, kufakwe kwicandelo le-III.

Kutheni iintsana zidinga uGonyo?

Ugonyo lukhusela usana lwakho kwizifo ezininzi ezinzima. Xa ukhetha ukugonya usana lwakho, ukhusela nempilo yosapho kunye noluntu. Ugonyo olupheleleyo luyakhuthazwa kuyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi jikelele, njengoko yeyona ndlela yokukhusela usana lwakho kwizifo ezinokuthintelwa lugonyo.

Bhalisa

Ezona zizathu ziphezulu zogonyo zinokuba (5) :

yintoni onokuyidibanisa neVanilla vodka

(6)

Izitofu zokugonya zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza : Ugonyo lwenziwa lufumaneke emva kweminyaka yophononongo lwezonyango ngokhuseleko nokusebenza. Nangona izitofu zokugonya zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana neentlungu, ububomvu, kunye nokudumba kwiindawo zokutofa, izibonelelo zazo zibaluleke kakhulu kuneziphumo zazo ezibi. Okwangoku, izitofu zokugonya ezingenantlungu zikwakhona kwezinye izifo.

wenzeni ngeentyatyambo zomngcwabo

Ugonyo lukhusela usapho kunye noluntu:Xa ugonya usana lwakho, ukwanciphisa umngcipheko wesifo phakathi kwabo bangakwaziyo ukulufumana ugonyo. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abantu abanezitofu zokugonya, kunye nabantu abanomhlaza, njenge-leukemia, banokungakwazi ukufumana ugonyo. Kodwa banomngcipheko omncinci wosulelo oluthintelekayo kugonyo xa abanye abantu abasempilweni kusapho begonywe ngokupheleleyo.

(7)

Khusela izizukulwana ezizayo:Ugonyo luncede ekupheliseni izifo ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, njengengqakaqha. Ugonyo olusebenzayo lunokunceda ekupheliseni izifo, ngaloo ndlela lukhusela izizukulwana ezizayo.

Nangona unyango lukhona kwizifo ezithile ezithintelwa ngogonyo, unokucinga ngokugonya usana lwakho ukunqanda izigulo kunye nokufa. Uthintelo luhlala lungcono kunonyango.

Ukubamba kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okugonya

Nangona izitofu zokugonya ziyeyona ndlela yokuthintela izifo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukungabagomi abantwana babo ngenxa yokungakholelwa okuthile. Intshukumo ye-anti-vax ikhokelele ekubhidekeni kunye nokuthandabuza phakathi kwabazali ukugonya iintsana zabo. Iintshukumo ezinjalo, ezihlala zisasazeka kwimidiya yoluntu, zikhokelele ekuqhambukeni kwezifo ezithile, ezifana ne-diphtheria, imasisi, njl., kwamanye amazwe kwiminyaka yamuva nje, ebonisa ingozi enokubakho ebangelwa yi-anti-vaccine stand.

Izitofu zokutofa zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neentlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zizathu azikho ngaphezu kweenzuzo zokugonywa, kwaye kaninzi isifo sinokuba neziphumo ezibulalayo (8) . Ngokutsho kweCDC, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zogonyo zihamba ngeentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokungenelela (9) . Ugonyo ngoko lolona khetho lungcono kunokosulelwa sisifo.

Ukunyangwa ngokuPhangaleleyo kunye noLungelo lwazo zonke izitofu zokugonya

Isitofu sokugonya akufuneki sinikezelwe kwezi meko zilandelayo

Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kwisitofu sokugonya okanye isitofu sokugonya sichasa idosi eyongezelelekileyo yesitofu sokugonya okanye isitofu sokugonya esiqulethe loo nto.
Uphakathi ukuya kwizigulo ezinzima ezinomkhuhlane okanye ngaphandle komkhuhlane.
Ukwaliwa yi-anaphylactic latex.

Amanqaku Mawakhunjulwe Ngexesha Logonyo

Kubalulekile ukugonya umntwana wakho ngokweshedyuli. Unokuseta izikhumbuzi zogonyo ukuthintela ukungabikho kwalo naluphi na ugonyo. Kuyanceda ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kula manqaku adweliswe ngezantsi ngexesha lokugonywa komntwana wakho.

Cinga ngokubuza ugqirha womntwana wakho malunga nezibonelelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesitofu sokugonya. Coca onke amathandabuzo akho phambi kokuba ugonywe.
Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukusabela kwangaphambili, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokwaliwa kweqanda.
Unokwabelana ngembali yonyango yomntwana wakho kwaye uxoxe ngayo nogqirha ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezixhalabisayo.
Ungathatha into yokudlala oyithandayo kwiintsana; oku kunokubanceda ukuba bazole emva kokugonywa.
Cacisa ukusetyenziswa kwezitofu kubantwana abadala kwaye ubaxelele ukuba bonke abantwana badutyulwe.
Kukhethwa ukuba uhlale kwi-ofisi kagqirha kangangemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 emva kogonyo kuba banokuthatha amanyathelo ngoko nangoko kuzo naziphi na iintshukumo eziqatha zasemva kokugonywa.
Iintsana zinokufuna ukuphumla kancinci emva kokugonywa, ngoko ke cwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Unokulandela iingcebiso zomboneleli wezempilo ukulawula intlungu emva kokugonywa kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Musa ukusebenzisa i-topical creams kunye ne-ointments kwindawo yokutofa ngaphandle kokuba kumiselwe.
Umkhuhlane omncinci kwixesha elisemva kokugonywa linokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye ukuxhuzula kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu nezihlala ixesha elide zezitofu zokugonya zinqabile kakhulu.

Jonga iirekhodi zogonyo lweentsana zakho ukufumanisa umhla olandelayo wokugonywa. Ngalo lonke ixesha thatha ikhadi lokugonya ngelixa undwendwela ugqirha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iinkcukacha zogonyo zibhaliswe ngokuchanekileyo kwirekhodi yogonyo ukulungiselela ikamva. Ugqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho unokuhlola impilo kunye nokukhula komntwana wakho ngexesha lotyelelo lokugonywa.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izitofu zokugonya ezivunyiweyo kwaye wenze ugonyo olusuka kwiingcali ezinelayisensi. Ukusebenzisa izitofu zokugonya ezingavunywanga ezisuka kwimithombo engekho mthethweni kunokubangela umngcipheko wokungaphenduli kwaye zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokubulawa kwabantu. Ugonyo olufanelekileyo ngexesha lobuntwana lunokubonelela ngeenzuzo zexesha elide emntwaneni kwaye luncede noluntu ngokubanzi.