Indleko yomdaniso wamaxesha aphakathi
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesinxibo somdaniso nomdaniso bunzima kwaye abubonakalisi nje kuphela ukuziqhelanisa nomdaniso kwixesha elithile, kodwa kunye nokuziphatha kwezentlalo kunye neenqobo zenkcubeko. Izinxibo zomdaniso zingohlulwa ngokwamacandelo alandelayo: ezembali, iintsomi okanye ezemveli, igumbi lokudlala ibhola, ezangoku kunye nezomdaniso wempahla yomdaniso. Impembelelo isasazekile ukusuka kwifashoni ukuya kumdaniso kwaye ubuye kwakhona.
Iimpahla zoMdaniso weMbali
Ukusuka kwishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, imibhiyozo kwiinkundla zaseYurophu ifuna iimpahla zomdaniso ocacileyo. Uhlobo lweendleko zomdaniso wenkundla zithande ukufana nokunxiba kwemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya, umzekelo, ii-corsets ezinemitya, ukukhukhumala kunye nemikhono ecekeceke, i-farthingales eneziketi kunye nokuhonjiswa okufakelweyo. Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, ukuveliswa kwakhona kwezinxibo zembali zomdaniso kwabonakala kwimisebenzi yemibutho yomdaniso wembali, njenge-Institute for Historical Dance Practice (IHDP) eGhent, eBelgium.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo
- Cofa iimpahla zomdaniso
- Iimpahla zoMdaniso zaseMexico
- Iingubo zomdaniso zangoku
Iimpahla zabantu-zoMdaniso
Isinxibo saseburhulumenteni saseBavaria
Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu ukuya phambili, umdaniso wesintu waqatsela eYurophu. Intsimi yemidlalo yomdaniso wesintu yaseYurophu inzima kakhulu, njengoko mmandla ngamnye welizwe unemidaniso yawo, isinxibo namasiko awo. Imidaniso yabantu baseMpuma Yurophu, enje ngeczardas, mazurkas, kunye nepolkas, kungekudala yasasazeka eNgilani naseFrance. Isinxibo somdaniso wentsomi sabonisa ukujonga kweMpuma Yurophu ekusebenziseni imibala eqaqambileyo kwimvelaphi emnyama. Iimpahla zazidla ngokuhonjiswa kakhulu ngamaso, ngentsimbi nangesilika. Isinxibo sabasetyhini esisisiseko yayiyifutshane, enemibala ekhanyayo kunye nepitikoti, ngaphezulu kwelaphu elinxitywayo. Isigqubuthelo sentloko esibonisiweyo sibonisa imeko yomtshato yalowo uyinxibileyo (isigqoko esithandwayo sentloko sibonisa ukuba le ntombazana yayingatshatanga). Umdaniso wesintu waseYurophu wenza isiseko semisebenzi yomdaniso wesikwere. Abahlali baseYurophu abeza eMelika bazisa olu hlobo lukhethekileyo lomdaniso welizwe kunye nesinxibo salo kuqala eNew England, kodwa kungekudala, umdaniso wesikwere waqala ukusasazeka kwilizwe liphela. Isinxibo sangokuhlwa yayiyimpahla eqhelekileyo yabadanisi: iziketi ezide ezixhonyiweyo zabafazi kunye neebhatyi ezisesikweni zamadoda. Ngexesha leenkulungwane ezimbini ezilandelayo, ukuxubana kwenkcubeko kwabahlali baseYurophu eMelika kukhokelele kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesinxibo somdaniso wesintu. Umfama kunye nokunxiba komdaniso weenkomo ubukhulu becala bekusekwe kwizinto zemihla ngemihla: ihempe, iibhulukhwe zomqhaphu, kunye neebhutsi zeenkomo zamadoda, kunye neelokhwe zamaqhosha ezinde zamaqatha zabafazi. I-minuet, i-polka, i-waltz, kunye ne-quadrille edlula eFrance naseNgilani yazisa iimpahla zomdaniso ezichaziweyo eMelika: iihempe ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe kwisitayile esisikiweyo saseNtshona sabadanisi abangamadoda kunye neziketi ezihonjiswe ngeentyatyambo kunye neeblawuzi zamabhinqa. Izixhobo ezinje ngamabhanti aseNtshona, imitya yeentambo, okanye iisilika zesilika zigqibe iimpahla zomdaniso wesikwere.
Iiprotheni eziphezulu ukutya okuncinci kwenja
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, abayili abaphezulu abanjengoDolce & Gabbana, uRoberto Cavalli, kunye no-Miu Miu benze 'inkangeleko yeenkomo zasezidolophini' enxibe ilokhwe ephefumlelweyo yaseNtshona ehonjiswe ngeepateni zeentyatyambo kumanqaku anje ngeempahla ezifana neehempe ze-tuxedo neejean, njenge Kunye neebhutsi zeenkomo zeenkomo zemveli.
Kwii-2000s zakudala, abadanisi ababhinqileyo abangamakhwenkwe kunye neengcali bahlala benxiba iziketi ezibini ezijikelezayo kunye neeruffles ezitshintshayo kwilaphu kunye nomtya omhlophe omhlophe. I-lace isetyenziselwa kwi-bodice kunye nemikhono, kwaye i-appliqué kunye nesaphetha kuthungwe kwi-midriff efanelekileyo. Abadanisi besikwere banxiba iihempe zohlobo lweenkwenkwe kunye nesikhafu esiboshwe ikhola, iijean ezipokothweyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umnqwazi wenkomo. Iibhulukhwe zeebhulukhwe zihlala zinxitywa ngaphakathi kweebhutsi zeenkomo. Incwadana ye-United Square Dancers of America (USDA), Izambatho zoMdaniso weSikwere , sesona sixhobo sibalaseleyo kwimbali yeengubo zomdaniso wesikwere.
Iimpahla zeBelly-Dance
Abadanisi beBelly
Umdaniso wasempuma, okanye isisu, uvela kwiminyakazo efana nenyoka ebonelelwa ngoodade womfazi xa ebeleka njengoko bezama ukumkhuthaza ukuba abeleke umntwana. Ngomnyaka we-1893, umdaniso wesisu waziswa kwilizwe lama-Arabhu waya e-United States kwimeko ye-Chicago World's Fair. Amalaphu anemibala engaqhelekanga ayimfakamfele amatye angaxabisekanga, iiphalethi, kunye namaso luphawu lwesimbo. Iincopho ze-Semitransparent kunye nemiphetho zibonisa isisu kunye nenkaba ngelixa ii-brassieres kunye neziketi ezijikeleziweyo zijinga ngesingqi kumculo we-Middle East. Iibhanti zeemali kunye nezikhafu ze-hip ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yengubo yomdaniso wesisu. Ngamanye amaxesha abadanisi besisu bagquma ubuso babo ngesigqubuthelo, ngakumbi xa umdaniso wenziwa ngumdanisi oyindoda (ukunxiba umnqamlezo). Ngenye indlela, ubude begxalaba-ukuya-kumgangatho obhedu kunye neetoni ezilandelelweyo ngaphezulu kwee-panty zaseburhulumenteni zinxityiwe. Ngokwembali, ubungqina bukhomba kwimpembelelo ebalulekileyo ye-Islamic Orientalism kwifashoni yaseYurophu ngekhulu lamashumi amabini, ukuqala komyili waseFrance uPaul Poiret wemilo yengubo kunye nokuhlaziya izitayile ezindala ngeebhulukhwe zabasetyhini kunye nezigqubuthelo ezazisongelwe emzimbeni ngeminyaka yoo-1920 . Ngoo-1990, ingqokelela ye-prêt-à-porter kunye ne-haute couture yabaqulunqi baseNtshona Yurophu naseMelika, abanjengoMiguel Adrover, uJean Paul Gaultier, uJohn Galliano, uAlexander McQueen, noRifat Ozbek, bachukunyiswe sisinxibo saseMpuma. UNancy Lindis farne-Tapper's
Iilwimi zokunxiba kuMbindi Mpuma ngumthombo ocacileyo malunga nesinxibo se-Middle East kwilizwe lakudala nakweli langoku.
Izambatho zeBhola egumbini lokuDanisa
Abadanisi bebhola
Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, imidaniso ye-ballroom yathathwa luluntu ngokubanzi, kwaye iilokhwe ezikhethekileyo zangokuhlwa zazenzelwe ukuba zilingane nezi zihlandlo. I-waltz, i-fox-trot, i-polka, i-mazurka, kunye ne-Viennese waltz zifuna isitayile esihle. Ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, iimpahla zomdaniso zetango, ujingi kunye nesiLatin, uCharleston, rumba, bolero, chacha, mambo, kunye nesamba zazingamanyala.
Iimpahla zangoku-zoMdaniso
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ukuhamba kwendalo kuka-Isadora Duncan eqongeni kwabonisa ixesha elitsha lomdaniso. Indlela yokudanisa kaDuncan yanamhlanje ichukunyiswe bubugcisa bamaGrike, imidaniso yesintu, imidaniso yasekuhlaleni, kunye nemidlalo. Izambatho ezihamba simahla kunye neenwele ezikhululekileyo zavumela inkululeko enkulu yokuhamba komdaniso. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, amaqela emidaniso yangoku avele kunye nabadanisi abangabantu ababhinqileyo. Ngexesha lamashumi alandelayo, ii-avant-garde choreographer, ezinje ngoGeorge Balanchine noMartha Graham, kunye noMerce Cunningham, uPaul Taylor, uAlvin Ailey, kunye noPina Bausch, baguqula kwaye banika inkululeko umdaniso wesintu kunye nesinxibo sazo. Ukusuka kubuchwephesha bendabuko, umdaniso wanamhlanje ubangele ixesha elitsha leendleko. Izambatho kunye nokwenza i-makeup kuthathe ukubonakala kwe-unisex njengabadlali be-choreographer baziva ngathi ayifanelekanga ukwahlula abadanisi ababhinqileyo nabesilisa. Abayili bemidlalo yeqonga bazamile ngesinxibo seminude: izikipa ezibonakala ngaphaya kunye neziqu ezimnyama ezimnyama zamadoda kunye neebhodi ezilula kunye neethayithi ezicacileyo zabafazi zazingubo eziqhelekileyo.
Ngomnyaka we-1934, umdwebi womdaniso we-neoclassical choreographer uGeorge Balanchine wayengowokuqala ukunxiba abadanisi be-ballet ekuziqheliseni iimpahla zokuziqhelanisa noluntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-noncolors kuchaze iimpahla zikaBalanchine, ezazisoloko zimnyama zimhlophe. Ingqondo yakhe yokuncipha eqongeni iphuculwe ngokutyhila ubuze.
Ingubo yobungcali kunye neAmateur Ballroom
Abadanisi beTango
Kutheni ii-popko ze-funko zithandwa kangaka
Isinxibo seTango:
Ngokwesiqhelo isiqwenga esinye esine-top-fit-top top kunye ne-swinging slit ephezulu yokutyhila umlenze. Izinto ezoluliweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umngxuma oqinileyo. Isinxibo somdaniso sihlala sihonjiswe kakhulu ngamatye anqabileyo, ubuhlalu, ubumenyemenye kunye neephalethi.
Isinxibo se-Swing kunye nesi Latin:
Ifana kakhulu nelokhwe ze-tango, kodwa umgca omfutshane kakhulu we-hem-line wenza isinxibo ngakumbi ngokwesondo kwaye unokutyhila umlenze opheleleyo. Ukuprintwa kwezilwanyana ezinje ngehlosi okanye ingwe kuqinisa intsingiselo yasendle yezi mpahla.
Isinxibo seWaltz kunye neFox-Trot:
Isambatho esinye esimnandi esenziwe rhoqo ngesilika esinexabiso eliphantsi okanye iisetini. Uhlobo olujikelezayo, ubude beqatha buqinisa intshukumo ethambileyo yale mingqungqo.
Isinxibo sikaCharleston:
Inkululeko eyimfuneko yokuhamba yayiqinisekisiwe ngamadolo-ehempe-iilokhwe ezihonjiswe ngamaso eglasi kunye neephalethi. Isinxibo esingasindiyo kunye nemiphetho emide siyenze yashukuma ngesingqi ngokungqinelana neentshukumo zomdaniso, owawuyinxalenye yendlela yokuphila yeminyaka yoo-Roaring Twenty kwaye waba ngowona mdaniso uthandwa kakhulu eMelika eJamani naseYurophu; enkosi kakhulu kuJosephine Baker, owanikezela ngo-1927 kunye neCharleston Jazz Band eBerlin.
Isinxibo sePolka kunye neMazurka:
Isinxibo sakwantu ngokwesiko elinemibala eshicilelweyo yoyilo kwaye ihlala iblukhwe yabalimi kunye nesiketi esirhangqileyo esigcotshiswe ngeefrimu ezintle kunye neekorali. Ngexesha le-1970, ii-blouses zabalimi zaba nefashoni kakhulu kwimpahla yemihla ngemihla, kunye nabayili abaphezulu abanjengoEmilio Pucci bayila iimpahla ezinobuhlanga ezinemifekethiso kunye neefriji. Iibhluzi zabalimi beentyatyambo ezineehempe ezithambileyo zazinemvuselelo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 xa iimveliso zoyilo ezinje ngeYves Saint Laurent, iDolce & Gabbana, iMoschino, kunye neChristian Dior zenza umxholo wefashoni.
Isinxibo sikaRumba kunye neSamba:
Ngama-ruffles ahlukeneyo kwisiketi nakwimikhono, le lokhwe ihlala yenziwe kwisitayile seCaribbean ngemibala eqaqambileyo.
I-Cha-Cha yokunxiba:
Isinxibo esineengubo ezimbini ezinomphezulu obambekayo kunye nentamo ebanzi egxalabeni, ngelixa isondo ligcwele kwaye libhabhe ezantsi. Iirhinestones zihlala ziqhotyoshelwe kwilaphu ukunika ifuthe elihle.
UMartha Graham wayengomnye wabokuqala ukukhuthaza umdaniso ngaphandle kwezicathulo ze-pointe eqongeni. Kwi Ukuphambukiswa kweeNgelosi (Ngo-1948), wayenxiba abadanisi ababhinqileyo kwimidlalo yokunxiba, kwaye amadoda aphantse ahamba ze. Isamu Noguchi-ephefumlelwe izithsaba ezikhethekileyo kunye nezikhonkwane zomnqwazi nguGraham zaduma ngokukodwa njengenxalenye yesinxibo somdaniso wale mihla. Kusandul 'ukusikeka kungene iziketi kunye nelokhwe yomdaniso kubonakala ngathi yibhulukhwe, ivumela inkululeko enkulu yokuhamba. Ekuqaleni, imidaniso kaGraham yenziwa kwinqanaba elingenanto, eligxininisa ubuncinci abubonisayo kwizambatho. Emva kwexesha, ungene endaweni yeengubo zomdaniso zebhaleyi zabadanisi abangamadoda kunye nokunxiba kwabo kunye nezifundo zabadanisi ababhinqileyo ngeehempe ezithe tye, ezimnyama nezinde okanye ii-leotard zokuziqhelanisa. Wanikwa imbasa yeNkululeko ngo-Okthobha u-1976, uMartha Graham wayengumdanisi wokuqala ukufumana loo mahluko.
Ngama-1950, iimpahla zikaBalanchine-kunye no-Graham ezijolise kumculo wokudanisa, ezifana noMerce Cunningham kunye noPaul Taylor, zazithanda ukuqhubeka nokugxininisa kwisitayile seminude, nangona ii-leotards zazenza isitayile somdaniso sangoku kunye nesinxibo sazo. Ngo-1958, igcisa uRobert Rauschen-berg wenza iithayithi ezimenyezelayo ezimenyezelayo ezinamachaphaza omnyama eCunningham's Isithuba sasehlotyeni. Uyilo lwe-choreographer kunye nomyili wempahla uAlwin Nikolais waphembelela inqanaba langoku ngemidlalo enje Ifowuni yeNoumenon (1953) kunye Umfanekiso (Ngo-1963).
ndingayifumana phi ilokhwe yasimahla yokukhuthaza
Iimpahla zoMculo-zoMdaniso
Ubungqina bemidlalo yeqonga yomculo ukuza kuthi ga kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo xa iindlela ezimbini zale ngoma-kunye nomdaniso zavela eBritane, eFrance naseJamani: ii-ballad opera, ezinje ngeJohn Gay's IOpera yoMceli (1728), kwaye kamva kumdlalo weqonga, njengoMichael Balfe Intombazana yaseBohemian (Ngo-1843). Ngeli xesha, imidlalo emininzi yayinembaleki emifutshane, kwaye isinxibo sasesiteji sasidla ngokusekwe kuyilo-lwempahla yemihla ngemihla. Ngasekupheleni kwee-1880s, ii-comic opas zanqoba i-Broadway eNew York, kunye nemidlalo, kubandakanya URobin Hood , zenzelwe abaphulaphuli abadumileyo. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1880 ukuya kowe-1920, uhlobo lomculo-oluhlekisayo eLondon lwavela, kwaye abayili abanjengoLady Duff-Gordon, owaziwa njengoLucile, bacacisa iimpahla ezinemfashini zeemvumi nabadanisi. Kwii-1920s zokuqala, ubuchwephesha bomdaniso wempompo babusaziwa kwaye izihlangu zomdaniso wempompo eziyilwe ngokukodwa zazifumaneka kwintengiso evulekileyo.
Amadoda kwiiTight: UmDanisi oyindoda
ERashiya, abadanisi abangamadoda bayaqwalaselwa kakhulu, kwaye uqeqesho lwe-ballet yakudala sisiseko somsebenzi wokudanisa. Nangona umdla okhulayo kumdaniso ukhona phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kwamanye amazwe, uninzi luneentloni zokuthatha izifundo zomdaniso kwaye lunyanzelekile ukuba lunxibe ii-tights, eziqhele ukuthathwa njengempahla yabasetyhini. Ke ngoko, izikolo ezithile zomdaniso zivumela abafundi abancinci abangamadoda ukuba baziqhelanise neT-shirts kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane. Ngaphantsi kwempahla yokuziqhelanisa, abadanisi bahlala benxiba iisenisi, zenzelwe ukwahlula nokuxhasa amasende. Ngenye indlela, ibhanti yomdaniso, impahla yangaphantsi ekhethekileyo, inokunxitywa phantsi kweethayithi. Kuzo zombini iimeko, isingxobo esingaphambili sinxantathu, siqinile, kwaye siphantse sathi tyaba ukunika inkxaso kunye nefom ngexesha lokuhamba komdaniso. Umxholo wobudoda kumdaniso ufumene unyango oluthandwayo kwiimovie ezinje ngeThe Children of Theatre Street (1977) kunye noBilly Elliot (2000). Incwadi kaRamsay Burt ethi Male Dancere iphonononga umxholo wobudoda kumdaniso ngobunzulu obukhulu.
Impompo-Ukudanisa izihlangu: Izandi ezidumileyo
Imvelaphi yomdaniso wempompo, isitayile somdaniso weqonga waseMelika kunye neenyawo zomdlalo weqonga, zilele kwimidaniso yamakhoboka kumazwe akumazantsi abandakanya intshukumo yase-Afrika kunye nesingqisho kwiijigi zase-Europe nase-reels ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Umdaniso wempompo wamkelwa kwiindawo zemidlalo yeqonga ukusukela ngo-1840, kwaye ukuvaleka kwezihlangu ezifakwe ngesikhumba kwaya kusiba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwi-fin-desiècle, ukujika kwenkulungwane, kwasekwa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukileyo zezihlangu zomdaniso wompompo: izihlangu ezomeleleyo ezenziwe ngomthi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinyamakazi kunye nephiko, ezaziwa ngabantu ababini nguJimmy Doyle noHarland Dixon, kwaye bathambile Izihlangu ezizodwa zesikhumba ezithandwayo nguGeorge Primrose. Ngoo-1920, iipleyiti zentsimbi (iitepu) zazincanyathiselwe kwizihlangu ezenziwe ngofele kuphela, ezazisenza isandi esikhulu esibukhali phantsi. Ngoo-1940 no-1950, abadanisi abanjengoFred Astaire, uPaul Draper, kunye noGene Kelly badumisa izihlangu zompompo kubaphulaphuli ngokubanzi ngokusebenzisa iifilimu zaseHollywood.
Ngamashumi amahlanu, umculo ezifana Inenekazi elithambile (Ngo-1956) bothusa abaphulaphuli ngeenguqu ezininzi zesinxibo. Umyili wempahla uCecil Beaton wayedale iimpahla ezandisa utshintsho kuEliza, umlinganiswa ophambili, evela kwintengiso yeentyatyambo eqhelekileyo iye kwintokazi yoluntu. Ngo-1975, ekaMichael Bennett Umgca weChorus ivulwe ku-Broadway, kwaye iimpahla ze-aerobic kunye nomdaniso zathandwa eqongeni nakubomi bemihla ngemihla. Imibala ekhanyayo ye-neon epinki, eluhlaza kunye nephuzi ilawula uluhlu lwemibala. Iithayithi zomdaniso, i-leggings, ii-headbands, kunye neewristlets zisasazeka ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwifashoni kunye nokunye. Ngo-1988, umculo Udumo , Ephefumlelwe yimidlalo bhanyabhanya kunye nomabonwakude, evulwe eLondon kwaye yabonisa ifashoni yee-yee-, ebonisa ii-leotards kunye neebhulukhwe ezimfutshane. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, umculo womculo ka-A. R. Rahman Amaphupha eBombay (2002) ivulwe eLondon, kwaye iimpahla zayo zaseIndiya zabonisa ifuthe lobuhlanga kuyilo lweqonga.
Bona kwakho Umdaniso neFashoni; Isinxibo seBallet; Umculo kunye neFashoni; Indleko yomdlalo weqonga.
Uluhlu lweencwadi
IBalasescu, iAlexandre. 'I-Tehran Chic: iiScave zeNtloko zamaSilamsi, abaYili beFashoni kunye neNew Geographies zale mihla.' Ithiyori yeFashoni 7 (2003): 1.
Buonaventura, Wendy, kunye no-Ibrahim Farrah. Inyoka yeNayile: Abafazi kunye noMdaniso kwilizwe lama-Arabhu. I-Northampton, iMisa: Iqela le-Interlink Publishing Group, ngo-1994.
Burt, eRamsay. Umdanisi oyindoda : Imizimba, ukubonwa, isini. ILondon neNew York: URoutledge, 1995.
UCarter, uAlexandra. Umfundi weRoutledge Dance Study Reader. ILondon neNew York: URoutledge, 1998.
UDodd, uCraig. Ukuqhuba kweLizwe loMdanisi. ILondon: iBreslich kunye neFoss, 1981.
Eyona midlalo ilungileyo yokudlala esikolweni
ULindisfarne-Tapper, uNancy, kunye noBruce Ingham. Iilwimi zokunxiba kuMbindi Mpuma. USurrey: Curzon, 1997.
Yomelele, uRoy, uRichard Buckle, kunye no-Ivor Guest. Ukuyila uMdanisi. ILondon: Elron Press Ltd., ngo-1981.
Izixhobo ze-Intanethi
IKomiti yezeMfundo ye-United Square Dancers of America, Inc. Incwadana ye-USDA B-018. Ushicilelo lweUSDA, 1997. Ifumaneka kwi- http://www.usda.org .
IZiko loQeqesho loMdaniso weMbali (IHDP) 2004. Iyafumaneka kwi http://www.historicaldance.com .
