Ukuba ungomnye wabantu abaninzi abazibuza ukuba, 'Ngaba utywala buyazibulala iintsholongwane?' impendulo emfutshane nguewe. Nangona kunjalo, njengakwizinto ezininzi zesayensi nezonyango, impendulo eyiyo kulo mbuzo inzima ngakumbi. Ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zotywala zibulala ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, uninzi lwazo lukhuluimibutho yezempiloCebisa ukusetyenziswa kwesepha kunye namanzi phezu kwezotywala kulusu okanye ukucoca umphezulu.
Ngaba Utywala Buyazibulala Iintsholongwane?
Ngokwamaziko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo (CDC) izikhokelo ze Ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumaziko ezempilo , kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo ziyazibulala iintsholongwane. Ukucoca inzalo kubhekisa kwiinkqubo ezitshabalalisa okanye ziphelise zonke iintlobo zobomi be-microbial ngelixa ukubulala iintsholongwane kususa ezinye izifo, okanye ezibangela izifo, ii-microorganisms, okanye iintsholongwane, kwizinto ezingaphiliyo ezinjengeendawo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba abo batywala ngokufanayo ngamanye amaxesha bayasilela ukuthintela usulelo. Ngenxa yoku kungangqinelani, uLawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) alukhange lususe nasiphi na isibulala-zintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane ezinotywala njengezona zinto ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kuseto lonyango.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Ngaba iAmmonia iyazibulala iintsholongwane kwaye isebenze njengesixhobo sokubulala iintsholongwane?
- Ngaba ukusela utywala kuyazibulala iintsholongwane okanye kuyanceda ukulwa nesifo?
- Ngaba isepha iyazibulala iintsholongwane? Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zikhusela njani ukugula
Ziyintoni Iintsholongwane?
UKUYA intsholongwane inokuchazwa njenge 'nayiphi na into encinci ebangela izifo.' Ngokubanzi, ezona ntlobo zeentsholongwane zixhalabileyo ngabantu ziibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane.
indlela yokuphendula xa umntu esithi uyakuthanda
Buyintoni utywala?
Utywala ziindidi zeekhompawundi eziphilayo eziqulathe uthotho lweekhompawundi zehydroxyl. Kwimeko yokhathalelo lwempilo, igama 'utywala' libhekisa ngqo kwiindidi ezimbini zotywala, i-ethyl alcohol, eyaziwa njenge-ethanol, kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol, eyaziwa ngokuba kukurabha utywala. Kuba ezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo zinokuphelisa ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, utywala sisibulali-ntsholongwane. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotywala ezisebenza kakuhle ekubulaleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Nokuba uhlamba ulusu okanye umphezulu, amagosa ezempilo acebisa ukuba uhlala ucocekile ngesepha namanzi kuqala ukuba unakho.
Ngaba iziselo ezinxilisayo zibulala iintsholongwane?
Ngelixa iziselo ezinxilisayo ezinjengebhiya zinee-ethanol, aziqulathanga kugxininisa ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisetyenziswe njengezibulala-ntsholongwane kulusu nakwimiphezulu.
Ngaba utywala buyayibulala intsholongwane?
Izikhokelo ze-CDC zichaza ngakumbi ukuba i-ethyl alcohol kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol ziyazibulala iintsholongwane, kodwa abayeki ukuba zisasazeke kwaye zingatshabalalisi iintsholongwane zebacteria, okanye iiseli ezizezinye ezinakho ukuzala kwakhona. Utywala banceda ukutshabalalisa iinxalenye zebhaktiriya kuba batshintsha ubume beeproteni ezenza ibhaktiriya. Utywala bodwa abusebenzi kakuhle ekutshabalaliseni iintsholongwane njengotywala obuxutywe namanzi acocekileyo kuba amanzi ayanceda ukutshintsha ubume beeproteni nazo. Ngokubanzi, i-CDC ithi isisombululo se-60% ukuya kwi-90% yotywala emanzini silungile ekubulaleni ibhaktheriya. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebacteria zifuna izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zotywala kunye namaxesha okuvezwa ukuze zisebenze.
kuthetha ntoni xa ubona umnyama esibhakabhakeni
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ebangela inyumoniya, ibulawa kwimizuzwana eli-10 ngayo yonke ingxinano yeethanol ukusuka kuma-30% ukuya kwi-100%.
- Kwaye, coli kwaye Isalmonella typhosa Babulawa kwimizuzwana eyi-10 ngabo bonke ubungakanani be-ethanol ukusuka kwi-40% ukuya kwi-100%.
- IStaphylococcus aureus , Iibhaktheriya kwi-MRSA, kunye IStreptococcus pyogenes , Ebangela umkhuhlane obomvu, babulawa kwimizuzwana eyi-10 yi-ethyl alcohol concentrations engama-60% -95%.
- I-Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), utywala obufumaneka ngokurabha utywala, bulunge ngakumbi ekubulaleni iintsholongwane kune-ethyl alcohol E. coli kunye neebhaktheriya kwi-MRSA.
- I-Methyl alcohol, okanye i-methanol, bobona butywala buthathaka kwezonyango ngokubulala iintsholongwane.
Ngaba utywala buyazibulala iintsholongwane?
Izikhokelo zeCDC zikwabonisa ukuba ezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo zibulala ezinye iintsholongwane. Umzekelo, i-ethyl alcohol kwindawo ezixineneyo ezingama-60% -80% inokungazenzi iintsholongwane ezinje ngeherpes, isitofu sokugonya, umkhuhlane, i-adenovirus, i-enterovirus, i-rhinovirus kunye ne-rotaviruses. Kodwa, i-ethyl alcohol kule ngxokolo ayibulali, okanye ingasebenzi, i-hepatitis A. Olunye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba i-ethyl kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol ayenzi i-hepatitis B kunye ne-ethyl alcohol nayo ingasebenzi i-HIV.
Sebenzisa utywala ukubulala iintsholongwane kulusu
Sebenzisa utywala ukucoca ulusu kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa isepha namanzi engekho, utshilo Ikliniki yaseMayo . Kwiimeko apho unencindi esikhumbeni sakho kwinto efana nokuthimla engalweni yakho, utywala abuzukusebenza kuba i-mucus ikhusela ibacteria ekutshatyalalisweni ngotywala. Inkqubo ye- Ikliniki yaseCleveland yongeza ukuba le yeyona ndlela yokucocekaamanxeba aphezulukuba i-antiseptics ingonakalisa izicubu ezisempilweni.
Utywala bucoca ulusu
Uninzi lwezibonelelo zononophelo lwempilo ziyasetyenziswa wosula ezinotywala ukucoca ulusu phambi kokufaka inaliti ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle kolusu lwakho ziye ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuze oku kusebenze, umphezulu wolusu kufuneka ucoceke ngaphambi kokuba kusulwe. Uninzi lokusula iintsholongwane kusula ulusu luqukethe i-70% ye-isopropyl alcohol, engaphakathi koxinzelelo olucetyiswayo lokusebenzisa utywala ukubulala iintsholongwane.
Ukukhetha isiCoci esisesandleni soTywala
Ukuba usebenzisa i-isicoci sezandlaukubulala iintsholongwane, qiniseka ukuba sisixhobo sokwenza utywala esisekwe etywaleni (iABHS) kuba kuphela kwaso isicoci sesandla esinobungqina bokubulala iintsholongwane. Ezi zicoceko kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukubulala iintsholongwane kulusu lwakho. A Uphengululo lwesayensi lwe2020 yotywala obusekwe kwisiselo esinxilisayo bafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwezinto zokucoca izandla ziqukethe i-isopropanol, i-ethanol, i-n-propanol, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zimbini zotywala. I-Ethanol ibonakala iyeyona isebenzayo ngokuchasene neentsholongwane, kodwa iiprotanol zingcono ekubulaleni iibhaktheriya, ke ukudityaniswa kwezi zimbini kungabonakala kufanelekile. I-ABHS iyasebenza ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka komkhuhlane wexesha, i-H1N1, i-URI, kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya, kodwa hayi i-norovirus.
Iingcali zicebisa ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo:
- Khetha isicoci sanitizer esine-60% ukuya kwi-95% yotywala.
- Ukuba eyona nto iphambili esebenzayo yi-ethanol, jonga isisombululo se-60% ukuya kwi-85%.
- Ukuba eyona nto iphambili esebenzayo yi-isopropanol okanye n-propanol, jonga isisombululo se-60% ukuya kwi-80%.
- Izinto zokucoca izandla zazenzelwe ukucoca umphezulu wolusu, hayi ukuvula amanxeba.
Uyisebenzisa kanjani iSanitizer yeZandla
Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa i-sanitizers yezandla yile:
yimalini ubunzima bemoto
- Faka i-2.4 ukuya kwi-3 ml. yesixhobo sokucoca izandla kwisandla esinye. Jonga ileyibhile ukufumanisa ixabiso elifanelekileyo.
- Hlikihla izandla zakho kunye.
- Hlikihla isicoci sezinto phezu kwazo zonke iindawo eziphakathi kwezandla zakho kunye neminwe ubuncinci imizuzwana engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 okanye kude kube yomile izandla.
Sebenzisa utywala ukubulala iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezingaphezulu
Ngenxa yokuba i-alcohol ayibulali iintsholongwane, i-CDC ayikhuthazi ukuzisebenzisa njengeyona ndlela yokuphelisa iintsholongwane kunye nezinto zokuhlinzwa. A Ingxelo yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ka-2014 Uqhubeka elumkisa ngelithi, kuba utywala bunokutsha, kufuneka busetyenziselwe kuphela ukubulala iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezincinci ezinendawo yokungenisa umoya. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kumphezulu wexesha elide kunokonakalisa umphezulu, kuyenze ingakhuselekanga.
Sebenzisa i-Ethanol ukufunxa izinto ezincinci
Ngoku ka IYunivesithi yaseStanford Isisombululo se-ethanol esingama-70 esinamanzi singasetyenziselwa ukufunxa izinto ezincinci, ezingezizo ezomeleleyo njengezixhobo zotyando, ezinje ngokuthambisa. Ungayisebenzisa ukusula umhlaba emva kokusetyenziswa kwesibulali-ntsholongwane esinokubangela ukubola. Kuba esi sisombululo siza kufuna ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinkulu kangangemizuzu elishumi okanye nangaphezulu ngaphambi kokumisa, ayilunganga ukutshabalalisa indawo enkulu enjengeekhawuntari.
Imibuzo yebhayibhile eneempendulo zolutsha
Sebenzisa utywala ukucoca iindawo ezinkulu
Ukuba ucwangcisa ukusebenzisa utywala njenge-ethyl alcohol kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol ukucoca umphezulu omkhulu njenge-counter top, iingcali IVirginia Tech cebisa isisombululo esingama-70% ngamanzi. Xa iziselo ezinxilisayo zixutywe ngaphantsi kwe-50% kwisisombululo okanye ngaphezulu kwe-90% kwisisombululo, ziye zingasebenzi kakuhle.
- Isisombululo kufuneka sihlale sidibana nomhlaba onzima imizuzu elishumi.
- Kuya kufuneka usule umphezulu usebenzisa ipateni yegridi endaweni yendlela yesetyhula ukugcina ekungeniseni kwakhona ukungcola kumphezulu.
- Sukuwomisa umphezulu okanye uwuchukumise ngelixa usomisa umoya.
Yithi Goodbye kwiintsholongwane
Iindidi ezithile zotywala kwiindawo ezithile zinokukunceda ukuba ulahle iintsholongwane ezinjengeentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kulusu lwakhoinkqubo yokucoca indlu. Nangona kunjalo, awunyanzelekanga ukuba ubeke isitokhwe ekuhlikihleni utywala kunye ne-ethanol ukugcina wena kunye nabantu obathandayoikhuselekile kwiintsholongwane. Ulwazi oluncinci lwenzululwazi kunye nokuqonda okuqhelekileyo kunokuhamba indlela ende ekuncedeni uzive ukhuselekile kwiintsholongwane njengokuba unokuba njalo.
