Imbali yokuDanisa kwiTephu

Thepha, njengejazz, ligalelo elikhethekileyo laseMelika kubugcisa bokwenza. Iingcambu zayo zingcwatyelwe kwakudala kwimihlaba yetropiki kunye neendawo ezipholileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isitayile sayo kunye nesitayile ziyasekhaya. Ukusuka eNtshona yeIreland ukuya kwiiWest Indies ukuya kwiiholo zokudanisa zeNew York yakudala, ukubethwa kweenyawo ezinesingqi kuthabathe ibali laseMelika elisaqhubekayo.

Umda wexesha lokuCofa

Ukubethwa ngamandla kweenyawo zaseYurophu nezaseAfrika kuyangqinelana nobukoloniyali obuhlala buxhaphakile baseMelika, kuzo zonke iimfazwe ezasungula zaphantse zatshabalalisa isizwe, kwiindlela zelizwe ezimdaka kunye neebhodi ezinamanqwanqwa ezigaba, kwimifanekiso ebunayo yeseluloid endala, nangaphantsi isingqisho esikhwankqisayo se-flashmob yanamhlanje, sikhupha isandi esithandekayo, esingqameneyo. Impompo yifom entsha yomdaniso kunye nemvelaphi yakudala. Yinto eyimbali kwimbali yayo enembali yokudibanisa kunye neetappers ezidumileyo.

simahla kunye neepateni zokuthunga ubungakanani ukukhuphela

Amanqaku afanelekileyo

Iinkcukacha ezimnandi ngoMdaniso
Imifanekiso yoMdaniso weBhola
Izixhobo ze studio soMdaniso

1600s

Kwiminyaka ye-1600, abakhonzi baseIreland abangenisiweyo bathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuya kukhonza iintsapho zaseBritane, kwaye abantu baseAfrika babenziwe amakhoboka okusebenza kumasimi eCaribbean nakwilizwekazi. Ubomi babo babusoloko bungathetheki, kodwa imimoya yabo yayingenakuphikiswa, kwaye umdaniso - ukucofa, ukunyathela, umdaniso wesitayile- yayisisipho selifa labo esasindayo. Umdaniso wale mingqungqo yabantu abahluphekileyo khange ufune umculo kunqabile ukuba babe nezixhobo, kunjalo. Umdaniso yayingumculo, isandi sawo kubalulekile njengokuhamba ekubonakaliseni iimvakalelo kunye nokubalisa ibali.

Ngeminyaka yoo-1800

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi ndlela zimbini zomdaniso zinesingqisho zibolekane omnye komnye. Phakathi kwe-1800s, i-fusion ihamba yenyuka kwiiholo zokudanisa. Izihlangu ezenziwe ngomthi (okanye iinyawo zenyawo) zivumele ababethi ukuba badlulisele abaphulaphuli ngesandi, kunye nomsebenzi weenyawo. Umbethi omnyama ogama linguWilliam Henry Lane, wathiywa igama Major Juba , waqhekeza isithintelo sombala ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 ukuba avele ecaleni kwezenzo ezimhlophe kushishino lokonwabisa olwahluliweyo. (IJuba, ikomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi yaseSudan, yayilixesha umdaniso wekhoboka esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana njengegubu lesizwe, kuphela ngeenyawo, hayi amagubu. Ukunyathelwa, ukubethwa kunye nokubethelwa ngamanyathelo yayingaphambi kwexesha le-hybridi ephosiweyo eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ilawule imiboniso ye-minstrel.)

ulufumana njani uvavanyo lwe-dna mahala

Ngeminyaka yoo-1900

Ngo-1902, umboniso wabizwa I-Minstrel kaNed Wayburn ayiphosi basebenzise isitayile somculo odityanisiweyo obizwa ngokuba 'ngumdaniso weTephu kunye neNyathelo,' owenziwe kwiibhokisi ezinamaqhekeza enkuni. Oko yayikukukhankanywa okokuqala 'kwitephu' kunye nomanduleli wokwahlula izihlangu nge-aluminium isithende-kunye neetephu.
Umdaniso 'kaBuck kunye noPhiko' uphume ngenkulungwane ye-19 vaudeville, kunye nemiboniso yomculo-mboniso wanika uhlobo lomdaniso osencinci inyathelo lexesha , indibaniselwano yempompo yesingqisho ephawula itempo. I-shim-sham ukusuka kwelo xesha lixesha elinyathelo kunye nokushukuma-amanyathelo angaphezulu evaudeville ukusuka kwibhola yeSavoy oya kuthi uyifumane kwiklasi yempompo.
Ngo-1907 kwaye impompo yaqhushumba kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa eziqhelekileyo xa uFlo Ziegfeld ebeka Ama-50 abadanisi beetephu kwiZiegfeld Follies zakhe zokuqala. Ekugqibeleni iiFollies zabonisa abadlali beemarque abanjengoFred Astaire kwaye basebenzisa i-choreographer ukuqhubela phambili ubugcisa betephu kunye nokwenza ababukeli abanomdla.
Isebenzile. Isuka e Ngo-1920 ukuya kuma-1930 , ngekhe uye kumdlalo bhanyabhanya, iklabhu, umculo obanzi okanye isenzo sasevaudeville ngaphandle kokukhubeka kwinkqubo yesiqhelo yompompo.
UMthetho oYilwayo 'Bojangles' uRobinson kuthathwe ingcinga yoluntu ngexesha lomnxeba wempompo kude kube phakathi kwinkulungwane. Ngo-1918 'iStair Dance' yayikukukhanya kokukhanya, okuhle, itephu entle, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wokubandakanya udumo lweBroadway kunye neHollywood. URobinson uhambise imiboniso bhanyabhanya engafiyo kunye neShirley Temple encinci ngeminyaka yoo-1930. Wayengumntu ophakamileyo owayenempembelelo enamandla kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sabadanisi beetephu.

UFred Astaire, uDonald O'Connor, uGinger Rogers, u-Eleanor Powell, uAnn Miller, uGene Kelly, uSammy Davis Jr., kunye nezinye izisongelo eziphindwe kathathu (abadlali abagqwesileyo ekuculeni, ekungqungqeni nasekusebenzeni) cofa kwi 1930 ukuya kuma-1950 nangaphaya. Babengababethi bethiyetha, bebandakanya ijezi, ibhaleyi kunye neentshukumo zebhola ekhatywayo yokutshayela kunye nemidaniso ebukekayo eyayibazisela abaxhasi bemidlalo yeqonga kunye nabadlali beemovie.
I-1950's Rock 'N' Roll edibanisa itephu ecaleni xa i-Swing yajika yaba yi-Twist kunye ne-gyrating ethathe indawo yokuvumelanisa. Ezanamhlanje zazinabantu abazinikeleyo; ibhaleyi ibenyezekile kwaye ikhazimla kwiiholo zekonsathi nakwizindlu zeopera; Ebanzi wayethandana nejazz; kwaye ucofe utyhafile-inyani lomntwana kwilizwe lomdaniso.
Ngo-1978-UGregory Hines, ngumdanisi oqeqeshiweyo owafundiswa endleleni ngabaphethe izixhobo zakudala ebuntwaneni bakhe, efumana utyumbo lukaTony kumdlalo we Broadway UEubie kwaye impompo yenzeka kwakhona eMelika. IiHines zazinomsebenzi obalaseleyo Kwi-Broadway nakwifilimu (ifilimu yakhe ye-1985 Ubusuku obuMhlophe , kunye noMikhail Baryshnikov, alibaleki) kunye nenkqubo elandelayo ye-tap yenkwenkwe ye-Savion Glover.

I-Savion Glover luhlobo lwendalo olungaphaya kwendalo- ubuchule bakhe obukhali, obungqongqo bubizwa ngokuba 'kukubetha,' kwaye waye Prodigy yomntwana owayefunda noGregory Hines kunye noSammy Davis Jr., obekade engena Ijam yokugqibela yeJelly , owenziwe ngomdaniso kunye neenkwenkwezi kwi Ngenisa 'Ingxolo kaDa, ungenise' uDa Funk (Amabhaso ama-4 eTony), kwaye ndafumana ixesha lokuchwetheza iMumble, i-CGI penguin in Iinyawo Ezonwabileyo .

Impompo yanamhlanje-Izitayile ezimbini

IGlover sisingqisho somculo. Wenza umculo ngeenyawo zakhe. Abafaki bemidlalo yeqonga 'bathimba umzimba wonke,' kwaye uya kubafumana bedanisa njengabalinganiswa kwimiboniso ebanzi okanye kwezi bhanyabhanya zeediliya uzincamela apho uGene Kelly onwabela khona ukugxobhoza kwakhe kunye noGinger Rogers belingisa yonke intshukumo yeFred Astaire engenakuthelekiswa nanto, e izithende nasemva. Zombini isingqisho kunye nempompo yeqonga zizinto ezisisiseko zeenkqubo zokudanisa ngoku. I-Irish steppers kunye ne-stompers yase-Afrika badibanise ukungcangcazela kweenyawo ezikhawulezayo kunye neetalente zabo ezinokufaka isandla kwifom yomdaniso wenoveli kwihlabathi elitsha elinesiphithiphithi.