Iiprojekthi zeSayensi yeCream Cream

Yintoni engcono kunokulinga kwenzululwazi? Enye exutywe ne-ayisi khrim! I-ayisi khrim imnandi, kodwa ubusazi ukuba ikwanazo zonke iintlobo zesayensi ezinokubakho? Ukusuka kokupholisa kakhulu ukuya kwikhemistri, kuninzi isayensi ehleli ngaphezulu kwelo khoni.

Ingcambu Ubhiya Ukudada amaqamza

Akukho sizathu sibhetele sokuba nengcambu yebhiya edadayo kunegama lesayensi. Le ndebe yokulunga okungaginyisi mathe ibambe amathuba amaninzi esayensi alindele ukufunyanwa. Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni le nto ingcambu yebhiya edadayo inamaqamza amaninzi kwaye unokwenza ntoni ukutshintsha loo nto, olu vavanyo lolwakho! Ilungele abafundi abakubudala bokuqala kwaye iyakuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure ukuba ulandela ngolunye okanye nangaphezulu umahluko. (Qaphela: Ukulinganisa ivolumu ngokufuduka kufanelekile kubafundi abakumabanga aphakathi.)

Amanqaku afanelekileyo

Amalinge omkhenkce owomileyo
Uvavanyo luka-Gregor Mendel lwePea
Amalinge oxinzelelo lwempembelelo zaBantwana

Izixhobo

Sula iglasi
Ingcambu yebhiya
I-Vanilla ice cream kunye nangaphandle kweswekile
Ikomityi enye yokulinganisa indebe yokuqina, kunye nekomityi yokulinganisa ulwelo
Umlinganiso weTape (Ingcebiso: Kubantwana abancinci, fumana Iteyiphu yokufihla Unerula kuyo, emva koko ucofe icala leglasi okanye ikomityi ngaphambi kokuba uqale ulingelo.)

Inkqubo eSisiseko

Le nkqubo ilandelayo yeyabafundi abancinci abanokulinganisa ngetheyiphu yokulinganisa, kodwa abakwazanga ukwenza izibalo ukufumana umthamo wezinto.

Linganisa ikomityi enye ye-ice cream kwindebe yokulinganisa. Yongeza indebe ye-ice cream kwiglasi ecacileyo.
Linganisa ikomityi enye yebhiya yengcambu kwikomityi yokulinganisa. Ekupheleni kovavanyo, uya kufuna ukubona ukuba ingakanani ibhiya yengcambu okwazileyo ukuyongeza kwi-ice cream.
Kancinci kongeza ibhiya yengcambu kwi-ayisi khrim. Ufuna ukulinganisa inani lamagwebu avelisiweyo, kodwa awufuni ukuba igwebu liye phezulu kunaphezulu kweglasi.
Xa ungeze ingcambu yebhiya eninzi njengoko unako ngaphandle kwe-foam ukuya phezulu, linganisa iglasi yakho.
1. Lingakanani igwebu? (Sebenzisa itheyiphu yokulinganisa ukulinganisa.)
2. Zingaphi iingcambu zebhiya onokuzongeza? (Thabatha ubuninzi obukuyo kwindebe yakho yokulinganisa kwindebe enye oqale ngayo. Le yindlela ongeze ngayo.)

Kwenzekani?

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba amaqamza kwingcambu yebhiya ngamabhabhatharbon dioxide. Nangona kunjalo, ukhe wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukwenza igwebu eli ... elinamagwebu?

Izisombululo zeSupersaturated : Ingcambu yebhiya (kunye nazo zonke iziselo ezinekhaboni zento leyo) zixutywe nekharbon diokside. Wongiwe yindlela yesayensi yokuthi kukho into enyibilikayo (kule meko ikhabhon dayoksayidi) kunesisombululo (kule meko ingcambu yolwelo) inokubamba. Izisombululo zeSupersaturated zichazwe 'njengezingaqinisekanga.' Oku kuthetha ukuba bafuna ukukhupha izisombululo zabo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye yiyo loo nto usiva isandi sokubethwa kwerhasi kwaye ubone amaqamza eqala ukubakho xa uvula ibhotile yesiselo sekhabhon.
Iindawo zenyukliya : Xa ugalela ibhiya yengcambu kwi-aykhrimu, ngokungathi kunjalo unkqonkqoza iiblue carbon dioxide ngaphandle kwengcambu yebhiya. Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo kuphela indawo apho amagwebu akho anegwebu avela khona. Ice cream nayo inomoya kuyo. La maqamza omoya kwi-ayisi khrim ayabonelela iisayithi ze-nucleation ezivumela amaqamza ekharbon diokside ukuba enze kwaye akhule.
Uxinzelelo kumphezulu : Ukhe uqaphele ukuba amanye amaqamza kwingcambu yebhiya edadayo aba makhulu ngokwenene? Kungenxa yokuba ezinye izithako ezikwi-ice cream zehlisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba kwisoda ukuze iigubhu zegesi zikhule, ngelixa ezinye izithako zibamba amaqamza kwaye ziwashiye emisiwe kwisiselo sakho esimnandi. Iyafana nendlela iiprotein ezibambisa ngayo amagwebu olwandle elwandle.

Umahluko

Ukwenza ingcambu yebhiya edadayo ayisiyo nje ukudlala komntwana. Ukuba ufuna ukonwaba ngakumbi ngokutya kwakho, zama ezi zinto zahluka ukusuka kubulula ukuya kubenzima.

indlela yokwenza amakhandlela ngaphandle kwe-wax

Guqula inkqubo Endaweni yokongeza i-ayisi khrim kunye nengcambu ibhiya, yongeza ibhiya kuqala uze udibanise i-ayisi khrim. Ngaba iyayitshintsha indlela abasabela ngayo konke konke?
Iziphumo zezithako zakho: Zama ulingo lwakho amatyeli aliqela, kodwa sebenzisa uphawu lwe-ice cream eneswekile eninzi ngeli xesha emva koko uphawule i-ayisi khrimu eneswekile encinci kulandelayo. Yeyiphi enye evelisa amagwebu angaphezulu ngokokulinganisa kweteyiphu yakho? Kwenzeka ntoni xa usebenzisa ukuphatha okomkhenkce komoya ongaphantsi njengejelato, okanye isorbet engenalo ubisi? Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa inani elifanayo lokunyanga okubandayo kulingo ngalunye ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa.

Ukulinganisa uMthamo

Eyona ndlela ilula yokufumanisa umthamo we-foam oveliswayo kukwenza ulingelo kwiibheyiphu zesayensi ezinomthamo ophawulwe ecaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uziva ngakumbi kwimathematics, kwaye awunakho ukufikelela kwisayensi ye-beaker, kukho indlela yokufumanisa umthamo we-foam yakho ngokusebenzisa izibalo ezincinci kunye nokuqiqa okuthile.

Jonga kwiphakeji ukubona ukuba zingaphi ii-ounces zekomityi yakho ebambe indebe. Eli lilonke inani xa indebe yakho igcwele ngokupheleleyo.
Emva koko, uza kulinganisa umthamo wekomityi enye ye-ice cream usebenzisa indlela yokuhamba. Umbono wendlela yokufuduka ilula. Ukuba ungawuzalisa umthamo wekomityi yakho ngama-ounces alishumi amanzi, ungagalela amanzi angakanani kwindebe yakho emva kokuba ungeze i-ice cream enye? Impendulo ngumthamo we-ice cream yakho.
1. Kuya kufuneka sele uyazi ukuba zingaphi ii-ounces zamanzi indebe yakho ephetheyo. (Sebenzisa amanzi kuba ayizukuphendula nge-ice cream.)
2. Yongeza i-ice cream eninzi kwindebe yakho. Awudingi ukuyilinganisa kwangaphambili.
3. Sebenzisa enye ikomityi yokulinganisa, yongeza amanzi kwindebe kunye ne-ayisikrimu de izaliswe yonke indlela. (Qiniseka ukuba ugcina umkhondo wokuba zingaphi ii-ounces ozisebenzisayo.)
4. Susa inani elipheleleyo lee-ounces ulwelo olongezeyo kwii-ounces ezigcweleyo zekomityi onokuthi uyibambe. Umzekelo, ukuba indebe yakho ingabamba ii-ounces ezili-10 zamanzi, kwaye wakwazi ukuthulula ii-ounce ezisibhozo kwindebe, i-ayisikrimu yakho inomthamo weeununisi ezimbini.

Indawo ebandayo yoxinzelelo lweCream Cream

Indawo yokudakumba yoxinzelelo kuvakala kunzima, kodwa umfundi wesikolo esiphakathi othatha ubuncinci iAlgebra kwaye ekhululekile ukusebenza ngokuguquguqukayo kufuneka akwazi ukubala. Ukwenza i-ice cream kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45.

Ngokusisiseko, ukuze ufumane i-ayisi khrim, kuya kufuneka wenze ikhonkrithi yobisi-iswekile ebandayo ngokwaneleyo ukubanda kwindawo eqinileyo. Iindlela ezininzi zokupheka zibiza umxube we-ice cream ukuba upholiswe kwiityhubhu zomkhenkce netyuwa eyongezwe kubo. Ngokudibanisa ityuwa kwiityhubhu zomkhenkce, wehlisa iqondo lobushushu apho amanzi abanda khona, yiyo loo nto usenza ukuba iityhubhu zomkhenkce zibande. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi Indawo yokudakumba yoxinzelelo . Ividiyo engezantsi ichaza okwenzekayo ngekhemikhali xa ucinezela indawo ebandayo yamanzi.

Izixhobo

Iinxalenye ezimbini cream
Inxalenye enye yobisi olupheleleyo
Iswekile kunye nezinye izinongo zokungcamla
Umxhubi wombane
Isitya esinye esincinci
Esinye isitya esikhulu sesinyithi (isitya esincinci kufuneka silunge ngaphakathi)
Umkhenkce otyumkileyo
Ukulinganisa iikomityi namacephe
Ithemometha yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwebhu yesayensi
Iityuwa ezahlukileyo zamagreyiti ahlukeneyo anje ngetafile yetyuwa kunye ityiwa yelitye
I-calcium chloride, i-magnesium chloride, i-sodium chloride kunye / okanye i-potassium chloride (ekhoyo kwiivenkile zehardware njenge-ice melt)
Istopwotshi okanye ixesha

Inkqubo

Hlanganisa ukhilimu, ubisi, iswekile kunye nokunambitheka kwisitya esincinci sesinyithi.
Beka isitya esincinci ngaphakathi kwisitya esikhulu ukongeze umkhenkce kwisitya esikhulu. Isitya esincinci kufuneka singqongwe ngumkhenkce.
Ngononophelo galela ikomityi enye yesiqingatha kwikomityi enye yetyuwa yetafile kwisitya esikhulu kunye neqhwa. Inani elichanekileyo lixhomekeke ekubeni likhulu kangakanani isitya sakho, kodwa umbono kukuba ufuna ukugquma umphezulu womkhenkce ngetyuwa.
Qaphela ubushushu bakho bokuqala.
Qalisa isibali-xesha sakho.
Qalisa ukusebenzisa umxube wombane ukuvuselela izithako zeayiskhrim. Lumka ungadluli ekubetheni okanye uyakube u-whisk cream ngaphambi kokuba i-ice cream ibe nethuba lokwenza.
Thatha imilinganiselo yeqondo lobushushu ngexesha lomzuzu omnye.
Yima xa unayo i-ayisi khrim kukungqinelana kwenkonzo ethambileyo.
Phinda uvavanyo lwetyuwa. Ukuba unexesha, unokuphinda ulingelo ngohlobo lwetyuwa olusetyenziswa kwindlela yokuqhuba ebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, musa ukuyitya i-ice cream oyenzayo usebenzisa i-ice melt.

Imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele

Loluphi uhlobo lwetyiwa olukhuphe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu?
Ngaba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani begrisi yetyuwa kunye nokuba i-ayisi khrim iqinisa kanjani?
Ingaba isixa setyuwa osigalelayo senza umahluko kwindlela ekhawuleziswa ngayo i-ayisikhrim okanye kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi?
Kubanda kangakanani umkhenkce ukuvelisa iayisi khrim?

Indawo ebandayo yoXinzelelo loBalo

Ifomula yokudakumba kwinqanaba lokumisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Bala ukuba ingakanani ityuwa (isinyibilikisi) efunekayo ukunciphisa indawo ebandayo yamanzi (isinyibilikisi) ukusuka ku-0˚C ukuya -20˚C.

Indawo ebandayo yokudakumba isisombululo # 1

Bala ukuba zingaphi iigrama zetyuwa ezifunekayo ukwenza i-20˚C kwindawo yokudakumba yoxinzelelo lwe-250g yomkhenkce.

Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ukubala okufanayo usebenzisa isixa esahlukileyo somkhenkce okanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetyuwa endaweni yeNaCl nje, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zinokukunceda ufumane amanani afanelekileyo oza kuwasebenzisa:

Eyona ndlela yokucoceka isepha

Akunjalo Into yeHoff -Ividiyo iyakukhokela kwinkqubo yokufumana into yeVan't Hoff yayo nayiphi na into edibeneyo.
Ubunzima beMolekyuli -Leli phepha linevidiyo lichaza indlela yokufumana ubunzima beemolekyuli yayo nayiphi na into eyakhiweyo.

I-Ice Cream eneNdlu eyakhelwe ekhaya eyomileyo

Kucacile ukuba ukwenza i-ayisi khrim, kufuneka uyibeke kwinto ebandayo ngokwenene ukutshintsha ukhilimu kunye nomxube weswekile ube yinto eqinileyo. Ngelixa uninzi lweendlela zokupheka zibiza ityuwa kunye nomkhenkce, abona bantu bafuna ukuzonwabisa banokuzama ukwenza iayisi khrimu ngomkhenkce owenziwe ekhaya. Umkhenkce owomileyo yicarbon dioxide engumkhenkce. Ngelixa ungayifumana ityuwa yakho kunye ne-ice combo ukufikelela -20 ° C, umkhenkce owomileyo ujikeleze -78.5 ° C. Amaqondo obushushu abandayo aya kukunceda wenze iayiskhrim yakho ngokukhawuleza!

Kuba usebenza ngomkhenkce owomileyo, olu vavanyo lolwabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo. Ngenye indlela, umntu omdala angenza umboniso wabafundi abancinci. Nangona ixesha lingahluka, eli linge lithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ukuyiphumeza.

Izixhobo

Isicima-mlilo seCarbon dioxide
Ingubo yengubo (ungasebenzisa i-pillow case, i-sock okanye into efanayo)
Iteyiphu yombhobho okanye iteyiphu eyomeleleyo yombane
Isitya esikhulu sensimbi
Isitya esincinci sesinyithi okanye isinyithi esinokulungiselela umxube wombane kwaye silungele ngaphakathi kwesitya esikhulu sentsimbi
Umxhubi
Iinxalenye ezimbini cream
Inxalenye enye yobisi
Iswekile okanye ezinye izinongo zokungcamla
Imigudu yokhuseleko kunye neiglavu zomsebenzi

Inkqubo

Hlanganisa ukhilimu, ubisi, iswekile kunye nencasa kwisitya esincinci sensimbi.
Tape ingxowa yakho yengubo phezu komlomo wesicima-mlilo sakho. Okwangoku, uya kufuna ukuqala ukunxiba iiglavu zakho zomsebenzi kunye neebogi.
Khupha yonke i-carbon dioxide engxoweni. Ngokwenene eli ngumkhenkce owomileyo!
Yongeza umkhenkce owomileyo kwisitya esikhulu, kwaye ubeke isitya esincinci ngaphakathi komkhenkce owomileyo kwaye uqalise ukuxuba i-ayisikrimu yakho ide ifike kwinqanaba lokuthambisa.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko abalulekileyo

Qinisekisa ukuba umkhenkce owomileyo awungeni kwi-ayisikhrim. Ukuba iyenzeka, usenokwenza uvavanyo lomkhenkce owomileyo, kodwa ungayityi i-ayisi khrim. Kananjalo akufuneki uchukumise umkhenkce owomileyo ngezandla zakho. Soloko usebenzisa iiglavu, okanye ungasebenzisa izibambi.

Uyolo lweCream Cream

I-ice cream ifana nokugqibelelaulingelo lwe chemistryelindele ukwenzeka. Nokuba ufuna ukwenza i-ayisikhrim, yongeza kwenye into, okanye usebenze ukuvavanya iresiphi efanelekileyo kunye nezongezo, amathuba aphelile. Qiniseka ukuba ugcina incwadi yelog kwaye ukhumbule ukungayityi i-ayisi khrim yakho ukuba ngaba nayiphi na imichiza ingena kulingo lwakho.