Izinja zidla ngokuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga usulelo lwebhaktiriya, kwaye uninzi lwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe izinja luhlobo olufanayo olunikwa abantu. Nangona kunjalo, iidosi ezisetyenziselwa izinja zinokwahluka. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayahluka kulwakhiwo lwawo lweekhemikhali, kwaye oku kugqiba ukuba luhlobo luni losulelo olulunyangayo nokuba luyayibulala na ibhaktheriya (i-bactericidal) okanye ukukhula kancinci kwebhaktiriya ukuvumela amajoni omzimba ukuba aloyise usulelo (bacteriostatic). Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye ulwelo ngomlomo, ngelixa amanye efuna inaliti.
Ngaba izinja zingayithatha iPenicillin?
Ngokutsho kwe American Chemical Society , i penicillin yafunyanwa nguAlexander Fleming ngoSeptemba 3, 1928. Yayisisichiza sokuqala sokubulala iintsholongwane ibe yaba liyeza elisindisa ubomi lokunyanga izifo ebantwini. Iipenicillin zonakalisa udonga lweseli yebhaktiriya kwaye zinokuphazamisana nee-enzymes ezibalulekileyo kudonga lweseli. Amayeza amaninzi ezinja akwiklasi yepenicillin:
- Amoxicillin
- I-Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Clavamox)
- I-Penicillin G
- Ampicillin
- I-Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
Ukusebenza kakuhle
Ipenicillin ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwe-urinary tract, usulelo lwesikhumba okanye amanxeba, kunye nosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, okanye njengenxalenye yendibaniselwano yeprotocol yesibindi kunye nesifo se-biliary, izifo ezinzulu ze-systemic, okanye i-sepsis kwizinja. IiPenicillins ziyasebenza ngokuchasene Streptococcus spp . , Staphylococcus spp . (hayi zonke penicillins), I-Pasteurella spp . , kunye neebhaktheriya ezithile ze-anaerobic.
Iipenicillins azisebenzi ngokuchasene Mycoplasma spp . Usulelo kwaye lusenokungasebenzi kakuhle kusulelo lwedlala lengqula, iliso, amasende, okanye lwemiphunga. Kusulelo oluninzi, i-penicillins inokuba yenye ye-antibiotics yokuqala esetyenziselwa unyango phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye inkcubeko ithathwe.
Izilumkiso
Izinja zinokuthatha iipenicillin. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na i-antibiotics inokuchaphazela i-gastrointestinal flora eqhelekileyo, kwaye unyango lunokubangela ukugabha , urhudo, okanye ukungakucaceli ukutya. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinja ziye zalaliswa yi-antibiotics. Iipenicillin zikhuselekile ngokubanzi, kodwa kwiidosi eziphezulu kakhulu, i-neurotoxicity okanye ukuphakama ii-enzymes zesibindi inokubonwa.
Fluoroquinolones for Izinja
I-Fluoroquinolones yiklasi ye-antibiotics esetyenziswa kuzo zombini izinja nakubantu. Ziyi-antibiotics ze-bactericidal ukuba inqanda ukukhula kwebhaktheriya ngokujolisa kwii-enzymes ezibalulekileyo ekuphindaphindeni i-DNA. I-Fluoroquinolones ifumaneka kwiifom zomlomo kunye ne-injectable, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zifumaneka ngokukodwa kwizinja xa kuthelekiswa nezo zisetyenziswa ebantwini. Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ze-fluoroquinolone ezisetyenziswa kwizinja ziquka:
- Enrofloxacin (Baytril)
- I-Orbifloxacin (i-Orbax)
- IMarbofloxacin (iZeniquin)
- Ciprofloxacin
Ukusebenza kakuhle
IiFluoroquinolones zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi zebhaktiriya zegram-negative, kuquka nezo zine Escherichia coli , Klebsiella, okanye IiPseudomonas . Usulelo lwephecana lokuphefumla, amathumbu, umthambo womchamo, kunye nolusu ludla ngokuba sesichengeni. I-Fluoroquinolones inokufikelela kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba ukuba ezinye ii-antibiotics zingenako, kwaye zicetyiswa kwizifo ze-prostate, inkqubo ye-nervous central, kunye namathambo kunye namalungu.
Ngokubanzi, olu didi lwechiza alusebenzi ngokuchasene Staphylococcus spp . , Streptococcus spp . , UBrucella spp . , Mycoplasma spp . , Mycobacteria spp . , okanye ibhaktheriya ye-anaerobic. Ukongezelela, iintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya ezidla ngokuchaphazeleka kwezi ntsholongwane ukuphuhlisa ukuxhathisa , ngoko ke inkcubeko idla ngokucetyiswa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-fluoroquinolone.
ususa njani amabala einki ezindala empahleni
Izilumkiso
Ngelixa kusenokuhenda ukucela ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuba akunike umyalelo weyeza elingabizi kakhulu i-ciprofloxacin, endaweni ye-fluoroquinolones yonyango lwezilwanyana, oku akulunganga. Nangona i-ciprofloxacin inokusebenzela ezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya, kunjalo ayifunxanga ngokuthembekileyo kakuhle ezinjeni.
Ezi antibiotics zingaphazamisa i-flora eqhelekileyo yendlela yesisu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ekuphatheni i-canines kunokukhokelela ekugabheni, uhudo, okanye ukungabikho kokutya. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-fluoroquinolones zibandakanya umonakalo kumalungu ezinja ezikhulayo xa zisetyenziswa kumthamo omkhulu, ukuchasana nokwaliwa, kwaye kunqabile, ukunyusa i-enzymes yesibindi, uvalo, kunye neempawu ze-neurologic. Xa usebenzisa isibulala-ntsholongwane se-fluoroquinolone, ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwiidosi zamanye amayeza asetyenziswayo ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko.
Tetracyclines for Izinja
Ye iklasi ye-tetracycline ye-antibiotics , i-doxycycline yenye yezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizinja. Iyafumaneka kwifomula yokwenziwa ngabenzi, kwaye iza ngeepilisi, ulwelo, kunye neefomu ezitofwayo. I-Tetracycline antibiotics isetyenziswe ukususela kwi-1940 kwaye isebenza ngokuphazamisa iprotheni synthesis ye-microorganisms.
Ukusebenza kakuhle
Iingcali zonyango lwezilwanyana ziyavumelana ukuba i-doxycycline yi-antibiotic ekhethiweyo yokusetyenziswa kwizinja ezinezifo ezibangelwa ngamakhalane, njenge Isifo seLyme , i-ehrlichiosis, okanye i-anaplasmosis. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengenxalenye yeprotocol kunyango lwe isifo sentliziyo , apho ijolise kwiibhaktheriya Wolbachia spp . , usulelo lwentliziyo ngokwayo olunokuba negalelo ekudumbeni kwimigudu yomoya yenja.
I-Doxycycline ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zokuphefumla, ezifana nokukhohlela kwe-kennel. Ikwasebenza ngokuchaseneyo leptospirosis , Bartonella spp . , kunye nosulelo oluthile lwe-staph. I-Minocycline yenye i-antibiotic ye-tetracycline esetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile.
Ukuchasana kwebhaktheriya kwi-tetracyclines , kuquka i-doxycycline, ixhaphakile, kwaye olu didi lwe-antibiotic aludli ngokusebenza ngokuchasene nosulelo lwebhaktheriya IiPseudomonas spp . , Proteus spp . , Serratia spp . , Klebsiella spp . , kunye neentlobo ezininzi ze E. coli .
indlela yokuxelela ibhegi yomqeqeshi iyinyani
Izilumkiso
Okunokwenzeka iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-doxycycline ezinjeni ziquka ukugabha, urhudo, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukuphakama kweeenzymes zesibindi, kunye nokungaguquki. I-Doxycycline akufanele inikwe ngokutya okuqukethe i-calcium, njengemveliso yobisi. Ukuba ufuna ukufihla ipilisi yenja yakho ekutyeni ukulungiselela ukulawulwa, kunqande ukusebenzisa itshizi okanye icwambu lesonka samasi ngeli yeza kwaye ukhethe olunye uhlobo lonyango endaweni yoko. Esi sithinteli-ntsholongwane asikhuthazwa ukuba sisetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwenja, njengoko kusenokuvela iziphene zokuzalwa okanye amazinyo okanye amathambo.
I-Cephalosporins yeZinja
Okokuqala kufunyenwe kwi-1945, iklasi ye-cephalosporin ye-antibiotics yahlulwe kwii-subclasses ezahlukeneyo. I-cephalosporins yesizukulwana sokuqala ukuya kweyesihlanu isetyenziswa kumayeza abantu, ngelixa amayeza esizukulwana sokuqala ukuya kwesesithathu asetyenziswa kwizinja. I-Cephalosporins i-bactericidal kwaye isebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-penicillins ngokuhlasela iindonga zeeseli zebhaktheriya. Ezinye i-cephalosporins ezifumanekayo kwizinja ziquka:
- I-Cephalexin (Keflex, Rilexine)
- I-Cefadroxil (i-Cefa-Tabs, i-Cefa-Drops)
- Cefazolin - injectable cephalosporin eqhelekileyo
- I-Ceftiofur (Naxcel)
- I-Cefpodoxime (Ilula)
- I-Cefovicin (i-Convenia), isibulala-ntsholongwane esisebenza ixesha elide kwizinja neekati
Ukusebenza kakuhle
I-cephalosporins yesizukulwana sokuqala ziluncedo ekunyangeni usulelo lwebhaktiriya yegram-positive kunye nosulelo lwebhaktiriya embalwa yegram-negative, kubandakanywa nezo E. coli , Proteus , Klebsiella , Salmonella , kwaye Enterobacter. I-Cephalexin kunye ne-cefpodoxime zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zolusu ( Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ) kunye nosulelo lomjelo womchamo, kodwa aluloncedo ngokuchasene neebhaktheriya ze-anaerobic njengeepenicillin.
I-cephalosporins yesizukulwana sesibini kunye nesesithathu sinomsebenzi obanzi kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwebhaktheriya encinane. Ezi zinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando kwaye zisebenza ngokuchasene neentlobo ze-gram-positive kunye ne-gram-negative organisms, kuxhomekeke kwiyeza elithile.
Izilumkiso
Njengezinye iiklasi ze-antibiotics, la mayeza anokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, kuquka ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, okanye ukungafuni ukutya. Eminye imiphumo yecala ye-cephalosporins ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-allergic, ukunyuka kwe-salivation, i-hyperexcitability, kunye needosi eziphezulu, okanye ngokungaqhelekanga, ubutyhefu bezintso, ukuphendulwa kwesikhumba, iimpawu ze-neurologic, okanye utshintsho lweeseli zegazi. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wezilwanyana ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona iziphumo ezibi.
Nitroimidazoles for Izinja
Ngelixa uninzi lwe-antibiotics lunokubangela urhudo njengesiphumo esixhaphakileyo, i-metronidazole-ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-brand igama elithi Flagyl-lelinye lamayeza. esetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga urhudo ezinjeni. Lilungu lodidi lwe-nitroimidazole yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwaye kuphela kwechiza kweli qela elisetyenziswa kwizinja. Indlela i-metronidazole esebenza ngayo ukubulala ibhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezithintekayo ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ihlasela i-DNA yee-arhente ezosulelayo. Le antibiotic ifumaneka ngomlomo okanye ngeefomu ezitofwayo.
Ngaba namhlanje kunye ne-aquarius ziyavana
Ukusebenza kakuhle
I-Metronidazole isetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebhaktiriya ye-anaerobic kunye nosulelo oluthile lwe-protozoal parasite, njenge Giardia . Iibhaktheriya ezithintekayo zinokubandakanya I-Bacteroides fragilis , Fusobacterium spp . , kwaye I-Clostridium spp . Metronidazole isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zesisu ezivuthayo, izifo zomlomo kunye nezinyo, ukusilela kwe-pancreatic , okanye ezinye izifo ezibangela urhudo .
Izilumkiso
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metronidazole zinokubandakanya ukuhlanza, urhudo, ukuphelelwa ngumdla, ukutyhafa, ubuthathaka, ukubalwa kwegazi eliphantsi, ubutyhefu besibindi, okanye igazi kumchamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabela okubukhali kwesikhumba kunokwenzeka. Xa i-metronidazole isetyenziswe ngokumodareyitha ukuya kwiidosi eziphezulu kwixesha elide, inja yakho inokuhlakulela iimpawu ze-neurologic, kuquka i-ataxia (ukuxubha), ukuhamba ubunzima, okanye ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga. Ngethamsanqa, ezi mpawu ziyakuyeka xa iyeza liphumile kwinkqubo yenja yakho. I-Metronidazole ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwizinja ezikhulelweyo.
Iindlela zoLawulo lweAntibiotic
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-antibiotics inikezelwa ngomlomo kwizinja. Noko ke, oku akusoloko kunjalo. Usulelo olungephi lunokunyangwa ekuhlaleni, kwaye nosulelo lwenkqubo lunokunyangwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Eyona ixhaphakileyo iindlela zolawulo kwii-antibiotics zezinja ziquka:
I-Antibiotic ene-Injectable Long-acting for Dogs
Cefovecin, i injectable cephalosporin kakhulu eyaziwa ngegama lebrendi wavuma , iye yaba sisibulala-ntsholongwane esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunyango lwezilwanyana. Njengoko igama lebhrendi lisitsho, eli chiza lilungele kakhulu. A inaliti enye phantsi kolusu lwenja yakho iya kusebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezili-14.
Le antibiotic esebenzayo ixesha elide inokuba yinto efanelekileyo kwizinja ekunzima ukunyanga, okanye kubanini abanokuthi bazive bekhululekile ukulawula izinja zabo ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zosulelo. Ngokubanzi, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanxeba, usulelo lwesikhumba, isifo periodontal , amathumba, usulelo lomjelo womchamo, nosulelo lwezicubu ezithambileyo.
Ngenxa yezakhono zalo ezihlala ixesha elide, eli chiza liya kuhlala likwinkqubo yenja yakho kangangeentsuku ezingama-65 . Iziphumo ezibi, ezibandakanya ukutyhafa, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, kunye nokusabela kwindawo yokutofa, kunokuqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-65, nangona uninzi lwezilwanyana zasekhaya zinyamezela kakuhle. I-Cefovecin idosi ngokusekwe kubunzima benja yakho. Iyeza lixabiso, kwaye inaliti yenja enkulu inokubiza ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeedola. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiikati kunye nezinja ezincinci.
Indlela yokunika ii-Antibiotics kwiNja
I-antibiotics yomlomo kufuneka inikwe ngokubanzi kunye nokutya. Ngethamsanqa, enye yeendlela ezilula zokunika inja yakho ipilisi ye-antibiotic okanye i-capsule kukuyifihla iqhekeza lokutya okukhuselekileyo kwenja . Izingxobo zokurhweba zikwakhona ezinokufihla ipilisi ngokulula. Olu lukhetho olukhulu lwe izinja ezinokwalana nokutya , njengoko hypoallergenic iintlobo ziyafumaneka.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unobunzima ngale ndlela, unokucela ugqirha wezilwanyana ochazayo ukuba ungazityumza iipilisi okanye uvule i-capsule ukufihla ngcono incasa yepilisi. Uqulunqo oluthile lwe-antibiotics yenja lunokuthi lube nencasa kwaye luhlafuneke, ngoko ke izinja ziya kuzithatha nje njengonyango.
Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokukhutshelwa ngendlela engamanzi (idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinja ezincinci) kwaye kufuneka atshizwe emlonyeni kusetyenziswa idropper okanye isirinji. Kusenokuhenda ukuxuba la mayeza kwisitya samanzi senja yakho, kodwa oku akukhuthazwa, njengoko idosi yonke kufuneka inikwe ngexesha elinye.
Ukuba uziva unikezela ngolwelo kuya kuba noxinzelelo oluncinci kuwe okanye kwinja yakho, buza ugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba ngaba isibulala-ntsholongwane esimiselweyo siza kukunqunyanyiswa kolwelo. Nokuba ayifumaneki kurhwebo ngolu hlobo, kuyenzeka ukuba amayeza amaninzi adityaniswe abe lulwelo ngokusebenzisa ikhemesti edityanisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokunyusa kakhulu ixabiso leyeza.
Lawula i-Antibiotics njengoko kuyalelwe
Qinisekisa ukuba ugqibile ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe inja yakho, kwaye ubone nogqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuze akujonge kwakhona ukuba oko kuyacetyiswa. Ugqirha wezilwanyana unokufuna ukuvavanya inja yakho ukugqiba ukuba ingaba ikhosi elide le-antibiotics liyimfuneko ukucima usulelo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba isilwanyana sakho sasekhaya sineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango lwe-antibiotics, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuze uxoxe ukuba ngaba utshintsho lwamayeza luyimfuneko.
Ngaba uMnikazi Wesilwanyana Angakwazi Ukuzinika Ii-Antibiotics?
Usenokuba sele unamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ekhaya ukususela xa inja yakho okanye esinye isilwanyana sasekhaya sasigula. Nangona kunjalo, ayilongcinga ilungileyo ukunika inja yakho ngaphandle kokubona ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana kuqala. Lawa ngamayeza amiselweyo, ngoko ke akufanele alawulwe ngaphandle kokufuna iingcebiso zonyango.
Ngelixa izinja zinokuthatha uninzi lwe antibiotics efanayo ezimiselwe abantu, abanakusoloko bewanyamezela la mayeza, kwaye iidosi zinokwahluka koko umntu omdala anokukufuna. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zosulelo zisenokufuna iklasi ethile ye-antibiotic, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana akucebise ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga isilwanyana sakho.
Bona ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana
Kukwangcono ukunqanda ukunika inja yakho i-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuba ubone ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana, kuba la mayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo eziya kubaluleka ukuba i-vet yakho ifikelele ekuxilongweni. Ukuba iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane liqala ukusebenza phambi kokuba isilwanyana sakho sijongwe kwakhona, ugqirha wezilwanyana usenokungakwazi ukuxela apho usulelo lukhoyo okanye luqatha kangakanani na usulelo. Kwiimeko zosulelo oluqatha, isampuli yesicatshulwa esosulelekileyo okanye ukukhutshwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuqokelelwa. Ukuba isilwanyana sasekhaya sifumene i-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuba le sampuli ithathwe, iziphumo zisenokungachaneki.
Uthini umzekeliso wabantwana
Iinkxalabo Ngokusetyenziswa Ngokugqithisileyo
Inkxalabo yokugqibela ngonyango lwe-antibiotics kukuba la machiza asetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye oku kunokuba negalelo ukuphuhliswa kokumelana nebhaktheriya . Xa i-antibiotics isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga-umzekelo, ukuba isetyenziselwa uhlobo olungalunganga losulelo, kwi-dose engafanelekanga, okanye ixesha elinganelanga-ibhaktheriya eqinile isenokuphila kwaye iya kudlulisela iimpawu zabo zokusinda kwezinye iibhaktheriya. .
Ezi bhaktheriya ezinokomelela ziya kukhula kwaye zivelise usulelo olubi kakhulu olungasayi kunyangwa ngee-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo okanye ezingabizi. I Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo ichaza ezininzi iingozi zokuxhathisa ibhaktheriya kwiphepha labo lewebhu.
Eyona Antibiotics For Dogs
Izinja ezininzi ziya kufuna ukuthatha i-antibiotics ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Ngekhosi ecokisekileyo ye-antibiotic efanelekileyo, iqabane lakho le-canine liya kuziva libuyele kwisiqhelo ngokukhawuleza. Xa inja yakho igula , kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukubapha okuthile ukuze bazive bebhetele. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxhathisa ukuphatha inja yakho ngaphandle kokuqala ukuthetha nodokotela wakho wezilwanyana. Kwimeko apho inja yakho ifuna i-antibiotics, olu hlobo lwechiza lunokusetyenziswa ukunyanga ezininzi iingxaki zonyango eziqhelekileyo kwizinja , kunye neeklasi ezininzi kunye neendlela zolawulo zikhoyo.
