Ukusuka ekusebenziseni nasekuqondeni unxibelelwano olungathethiyo ukuya ekuqaliseni unxibelelwano noontanga, izakhono zentlalo zinokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kubantwana abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ye-autism (ASD). Ngapha koko, ekubeni imingeni yezakhono zentlalo yenye yeendlela zokuchonga i-ASD, yeyona ndawo iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo ngabanyangi abaninzi, abazali nootitshala. Ngethamsanqa, zininzi izinto ezonwabisayo ezinceda abantwana bafunde ukunxibelelana ekuhlaleni.
Imisebenzi emihlanu yeZakhono zeNtlalo
Abantwana abakwi-spectrum bahlala begxila kwenye Uhlobo lokufunda , endaweni yokubini okanye nangaphezulu njengabantwana abangenayo i-autism. Kubafundi ababonayo abane-ASD, imisebenzi eprintiweyo inokuba luncedo kakhulu ekufundiseni izakhono zentlalo kuba ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso kudlala kumandla omntwana. Zama enye yezi zinto zintlanu ziprintwayo kumnandi ukuze ubone ukuba iba yintandokazi entsha. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokukhuphela into eprintiweyo, jonga eziiingcebiso eziluncedo.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Imidlalo yeZakhono zeMoto yaBantwana abaDala
- Ezona Zinto zokudlala ziBalaseleyo kubantwana abaneAutism
- Imidlalo yeBongo Autistic
Ukwabelana ngeBali leNtlalontle
Phrinta ibali lokwabelana.
Ukwabelana ngeethoyi kunye nezixhobo kubandakanya ukutshintshana, ukufunda imikhwa engenamlomo, ukunxibelelana ngomlomo, kunye nokuba novelwano. Nganye yezi zakhono zizimeleyo kunzima kumntwana one-autism, yiyo loo nto kungamangalisi ukuba into ebabandakanya bonke iya kuba ngumceli mngeni kwaba bantwana. Ibali lentlalontle yindlela entle yokuchaza ubunzima bokwabelana ngeethoyi ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho ajongane namava okwabelana ngawo. Lo msebenzi udibanisa ibali malunga nokwabelana namaphepha okumibala emnandi ukuze abantwana bonwabele kwaye inike isifundo sokuva kunye nesondlo. Ilungele abantwana abafundisayo nabangathethi ngomlomo kunye nabantwana abancinci.
Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa lo msebenzi webali lasekuhlaleni:
- Cofa kumfanekiso wokuprintwa kwaye ukhuphele kwikhompyuter yakho.
- Phrinta inani elifunwayo leekopi.
- Yenza incwadi encinci ngaphandle kwamaphepha ukuya ebalini.
- Funda ibali kunye nabantwana, uthetha ngendlela umlinganiswa ngamnye avakalelwa ngayo.
- Emva kokufunda, nika abantwana iikhrayoni ukuze babalale imifanekiso.
Inkangeleko yobuso ichongiwe
Phrinta inkangeleko yobuso yokucacisa umsebenzi.
imisebenzi eyamkela abaneminyaka eli-16 ubudala
Unxibelelwano olungasebenzisi magama, ngakumbi imbonakalo yobuso , kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kubantwana abane-autism kuba bachitha ixesha elincinci kunabanye ukuskena ubuso bomnye umntu ngexesha lokudibana. Endaweni yokugxila kubuso bobuso bebonke, kunokuba lula ukuba abantwana bahlengahlengise iinxalenye zobuso ezenza intetho. Ukongeza, ukuziqhelanisa nobuso babo kunokubanceda banxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo noontanga babo. Lo msebenzi usebenza kakuhle kubantwana abathetha okanye abangathethiyo nabuphi na ubudala.
Nantsi indlela yokuyisebenzisa:
- Cofa kumfanekiso wokuprintwa kwaye ukhuphele kwikhompyuter yakho.
- Phrinta iikopi ezininzi njengoko ufuna.
- Nika iikopi kubantwana. Kulabo abangasakwaziyo ukufunda, kufuneka benze umsebenzi othile okanye uncedo ngoncedo ngqo nomntwana.
- Nika umntwana ngamnye isipili esincinci.
- Sebenzani kunye ukuziqhelanisa nokufunda kunye nokulinganisa imbonakalo yobuso eyahlukeneyo.
Amakhadi okuQala okuQala okuPrinta
Phrinta amakhadi okuqala encoko.
Ukuqala incoko kunokuba yinkohliso, ngakumbi kubantwana abane-autism. Aba bantwana banokuba nengxaki yokunxibelelana neemeko zentlalo kuba abaxhotyiswanga ngeendlela zokuncokola ezinje ngemigca yokuvula, baphoswe ziindlela ezingafunekiyo zokuzibandakanya, kwaye banengxaki yovelwano phakathi kwezinye izizathu . La makhadi okuqala encoko aprintwayo enza into entle eklasini okanye ekhaya ngenxa yokuba ibonelela abantwana ngemigca yokuvula ukuqala incoko. Abantwana banokuziqhelanisa nootitshala nabazali ukufezekisa izakhono zabo. Lo msebenzi ulunge kakhulu kumazwi, abantwana abadala kunye nasesikolweni esiphakathi.
Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa oku kuprinta:
- Cofa kumfanekiso wamakhadi encoko kwaye ukhuphele ifayile kwikhompyuter yakho.
- Phrinta inani elifunwayo leekopi.
- Sika amakhadi kwaye ubethe umngxuma kwikona. Zibophe kunye nesiqwenga somsonto. Ukomelela okongezelelekileyo, cinga ukumakisha amakhadi.
- Cela umntwana ukuba akhethe ikhadi aza kulisebenzisa aze akubuze umbuzo. Phendula njengontanga.
- Bhangqa abantwana ukuze baziqhelanise neencoko ezikumakhadi.
Iphepha lokusebenzela leNyaniso
Phrinta imibala yenyani kwiphepha lokusebenzela.
Abantwana abane-autism bahlala becinga ngokungagungqiyo, kwaye oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ekuhlaleni xa kufikwa kumba wokuthetha inyani. Umphandi kunye nombhali, UBrittany Thompson , Ukwabelana ngendlela yokuhamba phakathi kweziganeko zentlalo ngaphambi kokuhlangabezana neemeko zehlabathi zokwenyani ezinceda abantwana abane-ASD bazive belungile. Eli phepha lokusebenzela linceda abantwana ukuba baqonde iimeko apho ukuxelela inyani epheleleyo kusenokungafaneleki ukuze bawuqonde ngcono umxholo wokunyaniseka kwimigaqo ephathekayo. Lo msebenzi ufuna ukufundwa, ke kulunge kakhulu ukuba abantwana bathethe okanye bangathethi ngomlomo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi kamva okanye kwisikolo esiphakathi.
Nantsi indlela yokuyisebenzisa:
- Cofa kwiphepha lokusebenzela uze ulikhuphele kwikhompyuter yakho.
- Phrinta inani elifunwayo leekopi.
- Gqithisela abantwana iphepha lokusebenzela.
- Ningaxoxa ngemeko nganye njengokuba nihamba kwiphepha lokusebenzela kunye.
Yigcine kumdlalo weSihloko
Phrinta umdlalo wentlalo.
Ucoceka njani ukhuko lokuhlambela
Ukugcina incoko ngesihloko kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi kubantwana abane-ASD kuba banomdla omncinci kwaye banako ukugxila kuphela kwezo zinto okanye ukuphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo zezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo. I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . Injongo yalo mdlalo kukukhuthaza ukutshintsha-tshintsha kwincoko emalunga nesihloko esinikiweyo kuphela. Kukulungele isikolo sokuqala okanye esidala kwaye kufuna ukuba abantwana bathethe.
Nantsi indlela yokudlala:
- Cofa kumfanekiso kwaye ukhuphele ifayile.
- Phrinta inani elifunwayo leekopi. Uya kuyidinga isibini ngasinye sabantwana.
- Sika iithokheni ezibomvu neziluhlaza.
- Matanisa abantwana babe ngamaqela amabini. Injongo yeqela ngalinye kukuba nengxoxo ngesihloko. Unika isihloko.
- Abantwana bayatshintshana kwincoko malunga nesihloko esinikiweyo.
- Qho xa umntwana ethetha into ekwisihloko, ufumana ithokheni yokukhanya eluhlaza. Qho xa umntwana ethetha into engekhoyo kwisihloko, ufumana isibane esibomvu.
- Incoko iyaqhubeka ude uphume kwiithokheni ezikhanyayo eziluhlaza okanye uthathe isigqibo sokumisa umdlalo. Umntwana onezona mpawu zokukhanya ziluhlaza ngoyena uphumeleleyo.
Imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo yeZakhono zeNtlalo
Nokuba ungutitshala ojolise kwizakhono zentlalo okanye umzali ozama ukunceda umntwana wakho aphumelele, zininzi izinto ezonwabisayo ezinokunceda nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Autism iyafundisa icebisa ukuba uqiniseke ukuba unomdla opheleleyo womntwana wakho ngaphambi kokujonga imisebenzi ngokususa izinto eziphazamisayo, izandi kunye nevumba kuloo ndawo emva koko usebenzise ukuchukumisa ukufumana ingqalelo yakhe kunye nokubandakanya intshukumo kwimidlalo nakwizinto zobugcisa.
Yenza ibhendi
Ukwenza ingxolo yindlela emnandi yokunxibelelana, kwaye ungayiguqula ibe ngumsebenzi ojolise kubuchule ekuhlaleni malunga nokufunda iindlela zabantu abadala. Lo mdlalo ulungele amaqela amancinci abantwana abasaqala isikolo. Nantsi indlela yokudlala:
- Qokelela izixhobo ezininzi ze unike umntwana ngamnye.
- Chaza ukuba uza kudala umculo kunye kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onokudlala ngaxeshanye.
- Yalela abantwana ukuba balinde wena ukuba ubakhombe ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukudlala. Baxelele ukuba bayeke ukudlala xa ukhomba kwaye unikine intloko.
- Hlala kwisangqa kunye nabantwana kwaye uziqhelanise nokwalatha kunye neentloko ezinikina iintloko ukongeza kumculo.
Yenze loo nto
Kubantwana abadala, imidlalo yokunxibelelana efana neetshathi inokuzonwabisa. Ungawunika lo msebenzi ujolise kwezakhono zentlalo ngokusebenzisa iimeko ezinxulumene nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo kunye neemvakalelo. Nantsi into enokuyenza:
- Brainstorm iimeko ezilula kunye neemvakalelo.
- Bhala ezi zimvo kwiziliphu. Beka onke amaphepha kwibhakethi.
- Cela umntwana ngamnye ukuba akhuphe iphepha ebhakeni aze abonise ukuba lithini na. Elinye iqela liyaqikelela.
Ukutshintsha iBali
Lo msebenzi wokuyila ulungele abantwana abadala, kwaye yindlela egqibeleleyo yokujonga ukuhlangana koontanga okunje ukuxhatshazwa , kuba abantwana abanoluphazamiseko banengxaki yokubona iinjongo zabanye. Nantsi indlela yokudlala:
- Chaza imeko yengxaki kumntwana okanye kwiqela labantwana. Kungcono ukhethe into abanokudibana nayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Ngaba abantwana bakho bacinga ngeendlela zokuphendula. Bhala zonke izimvo kwaye ungazibandakanyi kwingxoxo de wonke umntu abe nethuba lokwabelana.
- Xoxa ukuba zeziphi izimvo ezinokunceda.
- Ngaba abantwana mabavote ngendlela abangaligqiba ngayo ibali.
Iibhloko zokwakha zobuhlobo
Ukuqala nokugcina ubuhlobo Kunokuba nzima, ngakumbi kubantwana abadala nakwabo banoluphazamiseko ngenxa yokuba oontanga babo bekhathalele kakhulu inkangeleko, izinto ezifanayo kunye nembono yabanye. Sebenzisa ingqiqo kule nto uyenzayo, into ebonakalayo ukubonisa ukuba ubuhlobo obomeleleyo benziwe ngantoni. Nantsi into enokuyenza:
- Umgangatho wokuthenga, iilebheli zeposi ezingenanto kwaye usike iziqwenga ezincinci okanye ubhale ngesiphawuli ngqo kwizitena zeLego okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesakhiwo. Bhala amagama ahambelana nezinto ezibalulekileyo kubuhlobo, ezinje ngobubele, ukuqonda, ukonwaba, ukhathalelo, kunye nokusebenzisana, kwiibhloko ezinde kakhulu. Bhala amagama anxulumene nobudlelwane obubi njengokuqhula, ukubiza ngamagama, amagama amabi, ukubetha nokubamba kwiibhloko ezincinci.
- Ngaba ulutsha lwakha isakhiwo esomeleleyo lisebenzisa izitena abacinga ukuba zichaza ubuhlobo obuhle.
- Thetha ngokuba kutheni ubume babo bungomelele okanye bungomelelanga, kwaye ukuba kufuneka njalo, bonisa indlela yokwakha ubuhlobo obomeleleyo ngokwakha ngokoqobo imilo yephiramidi ngaphandle kwezitena ezide. Bonisa indlela olucekeceke ngayo ulayisho ngezitena ezincinci.
Landela inkokheli
Kutshanje uphando ibonisa ukuba amantombazana kwimbonakalo anengxaki engakumbi kumbutho ngokwemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Nceda umntwana wakho afunde ukuzimela kwaye ajolise ekhaya ngalo msebenzi ulula womzekelo. Nantsi into enokuyenza:
- Khetha umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla njengokwenza isidlo sakusasa, ukunxiba, okanye ukondlula ibhedi.
- Cela umntwana wakho ukuba alandele amanyathelo ambalwa emva kwakho kwaye alingise intshukumo nganye oyenzayo.
- Qhubeka ukugqiba umsebenzi usebenzisa uthotho lwamanyathelo alula. Umzekelo, ngokwenza isidlo sakusasa ungathi ngokuvakalayo, 'Ndingathanda ukufumana ukutya okuziinkozo namhlanje.' Emva koko phuma isitya, icephe, isiriyeli, kunye nobisi. Emva koko, galela isiriyeli kunye nobisi kwisitya kwaye ubeke isixhobo ngasinye kude. Ngoku ungathatha isitya sakho kunye necephe ukuya etafileni.
- Buza umntwana wakho ukuba achaze inyathelo ngalinye alilingisileyo.
- Menze awugqibe umsebenzi kwaye uxelise iintshukumo zakhe.
- Hlalani phantsi kunye nitye ukutya okuziinkozo nithethe nangomahluko phakathi kwamanyathelo enu.
Hamba nomsinga
Ulutsha oludala luye lwajamelana namathuba amaninzi okufumana inkululeko, kodwa isenokungayilungeli le nkululeko njengoko ucinga IZiko leNgqondo yaBantwana . Izixhobo ezineempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nezikhumbuzo zinceda abantu abadala abancinci kwibala benze uninzi lwamava amatsha anjengeenkampu zasehlotyeni kunye neekholeji. Nantsi into enokuyenza:
- Khetha icandelo elinye leshedyuli yolutsha lwakho ukuze ujolise kulo msebenzi. Omnye umzekelo olula kukushiya indlu kusasa uye esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
- Thatha iphepha kunye nepensile kwaye ulutsha lwakho luqwalasele onke amanyathelo abandakanyekileyo kulo msebenzi.
- Yenza ukuba umntwana wakho afike kuluhlu kwaye abale amanani ngokulandelelana kwawo.
- Bhala inyathelo ngalinye kwiphepha eliqhelekileyo lephepha, emva koko ubeke onke amaphepha phantsi kwipateni engahleliwe malunga neenyawo ezimbini ngaphandle kwalo naliphi na icala.
- Cela umntwana wakho ukuba ahambe ngqo ukusuka kwelinye 'inyathelo lephepha' ukuya kwelandelayo ngolandelelwano oluchanekileyo ngaphandle kokuchukumisa iphepha elingalunganga.
Ukusa Kwimpumelelo Yasekuhlaleni
Nokuba yeyiphi imisebenzi oyikhethayo, ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwizakhono zentlalo yindlela entle yokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntwana. Njengawo wonke umntu, abantwana abane-autism bafuna ukunxibelelana nabanye. Ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo kunokuhamba indlela ende eya kwimpumelelo kwezentlalo.
