Unyango kusapho luhlobo lokucebisa olujolise kwiintsapho ezinokuba zisokola kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela icandelo losapho. Ngelixa zininzi iindlela zokwenza unyango losapho onokukhetha kuzo, gcina engqondweni enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kunyango kukufumana umntu owusapho onako ukwakha ubudlelwane kunye nosapho lonke.
Iindidi zoNyango loSapho
Zininzi iindlela zokwenza unyango losapho onokukhetha kuzo. Xa ukhetha i-Therapist, qiniseka ukuba ufumana umntu ogxile kwindawo ekhethekileyo yosapho lwakho. Ngelixa abanye abanyangi belandela ubuchule obuthile, uninzi lwabanyangi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ngakumbi indlela eclectic. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuthatha imithambo kunye neembono kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukuze bahlangabezane ngokufanelekileyo neemfuno zomthengi wabo. Unyango losapho, abanyangi bosapho:
- Buza imibuzo ukuze wazi ilungu ngalinye losapho
- Qaphela kwaye uxwebhu oluthatha inxaxheba, ngubani ongathathi nxaxheba, izimbo zonxibelelwano, kunye namandla aqaphelekayo
- Sebenzisa iseshoni yonyango losapho njenge-microcosm ngendlela usapho olunxibelelana ngayo ekhaya nakwilizwe liphela
- Ukuchonga amalungu osapho ukuba kufanelekile
- Ukubonelela ngemfundo yengqondo ukunceda usapho ukuba uyiqonde ngcono imeko okanye ipateni
- Bonelela ngezixhobo eziluncedo kunye nokudluliselwa
- Ngamana unokunika imithambo yosapho yokwenza ekhaya kunye / okanye ngaphakathi kweseshoni yonyango
- Banokudibana namaqelana ahlukeneyo okanye abantu ngaphakathi kosapho ukuvavanya ngcono iyunithi yosapho
- Iphatha iyunithi yosapho lonke njengomthengi
- Ukwabelana ngokujonga nosapho ngokubhekisele kwiipateni ezingekho sempilweni okanye isimilo esixhaphakileyo kwaye ivumela indawo kusapho ukuba iphonononge izisombululo ezinokubakho.
- Izibonelelo eziphambili kunye neNgxaki yoNyango loSapho
- Ingcaciso ngoSapho lweNyukliya
- Iingxaki ezili-11 eziqhelekileyo zoMama omnye
Unyango lokuSebenza koSapho
Ukunyanga ngokwasekhaya ngokuziphatha kwengqondo kubeka ukuba iingcinga, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha kwelungu ngalinye losapho zinempembelelo kwindlela yokujikeleza ekhokelela kwiinkolelo ezingalunganga. Iinkolelo eziphambili zinokuba ziinkolelo kunye nokungazi nto ukuba ilungu ngalinye losapho liyinyani malunga nalo. Ezi nkolelo ziphambili zinxibelelana nephethini yokujikeleza yomntu ngamnye kwaye emva koko zichaphazele unxibelelwano namanye amalungu osapho. Umzekelo:
- Umzalwana 1 (eyona nkolelo- ndindedwa): Ndicinga ukuba ndilambile; Ukuziphatha: Ndiza kuzenzela isidlo; Imvakalelo: ayithathi cala
- Umntwana wakokwesi-2 (eyona nkolelo- andithandeki): Ndicinga: Kutheni uSibling 1 engazange andenzele nam; Ukuziphatha: Umgama ngokwam; Imvakalelo: Ukucaphuka, ukucaphuka
- Umntwana wakokwenu 1: Ucinga njalo: Umntakwenu 2 wenza into ecaphukisayo kodwa akatsho ukuba kutheni; Ukuziphatha: Ungabahoyi; Imvakalelo: Ukucaphuka, ukuhlala wedwa
Ngale patheni yokunxibelelana, unokubona ukuba umntakwenu ngamnye ucinga kwaye uziphatha ngendlela eqinisekisa inkolelo yabo engalunganga. Umgqirha uya kunceda aba bazalwana ekuchongeni iipateni zabo, kunye nokubanceda banxibelelane nendlela iipateni zabo ezizichaphazela ngayo unyango lwabo. Ukwazi iipateni ezingenampilo zonxibelelwano kuthetha ukuba ngoku kukho indawo yokuphazamisa le mijikelo kunye nokudala esempilweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho indawo yokucela umngeni kwiinkolelo ezingalunganga.
Iinkonzo ze-CBT yoSapho
Iinkonzo ze-CBT kwiintsapho:
Ngaba ziingxowa zomqeqeshi ezenziwe eVietnam
- Umntu ngamnye usebenza ekukhuleni kwakhe njengesixhobo sokunceda usapho.
- Ngenxa yokuba unyango lugxile kwisisombululo, kunokuba mfutshane.
- Unyango lwe-Cognitive-behaviour (CBT) lufundisa ngeendlela ezinokuba luncedo kwezinye iinkalo zobomi.
- Ufundisa ilungu ngalinye losapho ngendlela yokujonga indlela abaziphethe ngayo, indlela abaziphethe ngayo kunye neengcinga zabo ezinefuthe kwiimvakalelo zabo, kunye nendlela oku okunempembelelo ngayo kwamanye amalungu osapho.
- Iingcali zonyango ziqonde ngqo kwaye ziyakhokela.
Umthengi we-CBT yeeNtsapho
Umthengi we-CBT kwiintsapho:
- Umntu ngamnye kufuneka azibophelele ekuvulekeni nasekuvavanyeni isimilo sakhe.
- Ingaba ngumsebenzi wesikolo omninzi kakhulu kwezinye iintsapho (ukushicilela, ukurekhoda ukucinga).
- Ayizikungena nzulu kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo.
- Ayilungisi imiba enzulu yokuvelisa.
- Yakhiwe kakuhle.
- Kakhulu kugxilwe kwiinjongo ezinokulinganiswa.
- Iingcali zonyango ziqonde ngqo kwaye ziyakhokela.
Inkqubo yonyango yoSapho
Unyango losapho olucwangcisiweyo, ukuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo okanye ukungaziphathi kakuhle kujongwa njengophawu lwento yonke yosapho, kunye namalungu osapho aziphethe ngokungazi ngendlela evumela ukuba le patheni ingalunganga iqhubeke. Kukholelwa ukuba ukutshintsha ubume bosapho, iipateni zenkolelo, kunye nokunxibelelana kunokwenza lonke usapho lube sempilweni. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana ofikisayo unengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, oku akujongwa njengengxaki yabo, kodwa luphawu lomcimbi omkhulu wosapho onokuthi usonjululwe yiyunithi xa besebenzisana.
Ungayinyamekela njani i-chinchilla
Inkqubo yeNyango yoNyango yoSapho
Iinkonzo zonyango lwentsapho:
- Isityholo asikaze sibekwe kwaye akukho sazisi ngqo sisizathu esinye kuyo nayiphi na ingxaki.
- Lonke usapho luza kunyango kunye njengeqela, ke oko kuba ngamava ekwabelwana ngawo.
- I-Therapist ayinikwanga indima yengcali, kodwa isebenza njengeyona nto ibangela utshintsho kusapho.
Umxhasi oDibeneyo nonyango lweNkqubo yoSapho
Bendlela yonyango losapho lwenkqubo:
- Ukuzinikela kwexesha kunokuba phezulu.
- Wonke umntu kufuneka athengele indlela ukuze isebenze. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu omnye uyala ukubona ifayile ye-Iyunithi yosapho ayinampilo, kodwa endaweni yokubeka ityala kumntu omnye kuphela, unyango luya kuba ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi.
- Iqela lonke kufuneka likulungele ukuthatha inxaxheba.
- I-Therapist ayithethi ngqo kwaye inokuba nosapho bahlala kunye neengcinga zabo kunye neemvakalelo zabo.
Ulwakhiwo loNyango loSapho
Ulwakhiwo lonyango losapho olujonga imiba nganye okanye isifo sokuqonda isifo njengeempawu zento engasebenziyo kusapho. Injongo yonyango losapho olwakhiweyo kukutshintsha lonke usapho ngokugxila kunxibelelwano olusempilweni kunye nokuseta imida efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba baninzi abantwana ekhaya kwaye ngumzali omnye obonakala ekwazi ukubakhulisa ngokufanelekileyo, usapho olu lusenokuba kukuphinda balungelelanise bobabini abazali phezulu kulawulo lolwakhiwo losapho, babanike bobabini bayalingana amandla njengabazali, namandla ngakumbi kunabantwana babo.
Iinkonzo kunye neengozi zoNyango loSapho loLwakhiwo
Iinkonzo zonyango lolwakhiwo losapho:
- Ingcali yonyango ichanekile kwaye iya kutshintsha amandla ashukumisayo ngokuhlala okwethutyana nomntu enze inqaku.
- Isebenza kakuhle kwiintsapho ezinabantwana ababonisa ukungaziphathi kakuhle.
- Umceli mngeni kwiipateni zosapho njengendlela yokunceda wonke umntu.
- Inceda ukutshintsha amandla osapho kuzinzo lwexesha elide.
- Ngaba iluncedo kubazali abavakalelwa ngathi banjaloubunzima nomzali.
Umngcipheko wonyango lolwakhiwo losapho:
- Sebenzisa ungenelelo olusebenzayo olufana nokudlala indima, efuna ukuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo kwilungu ngalinye, abanye abanokuziva bengakhululekanga ngayo.
- Amanye amacebo anokubangela ukuba umntu azive ekhethiweyo okanye engakhethi cala.
- Iiseshini zeveki zenzeka de kube kwenzeke uhlengahlengiso, elinokuba lixesha elikhulu lokuzinikela.
Unyango lweQhinga loSapho
Isicwangciso sonyango losapho sithintela uhlalutyo olunzulu lweengxaki kwaye endaweni yoko sisebenzisa iindlela ezijolise ekuncedeni usapho ukunxibelelana nokusombulula iingxaki ngcono. Ngonyango olucwangcisiweyo losapho, ugqirha unokubeka impikiswano ngexesha leseshoni ukunceda usapho uqikelele ingxaki yabo kwaye aqale ukusombulula ingxaki njengeyunithi. Isicwangciso sonyango sentsapho sihlala sigxile apha kwaye ngoku.
Iinkonzo kunye neengozi zoNyango lweentsapho eziCwangcisiweyo
Iinkonzo zonyango lweentsapho:
ubushushu obulungileyo bokugcina iwayini ebomvu
- Inkolelo yokuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.
- Iingcali zonyango zikhuthaza utshintsho olusekwe kulwazi losapho, olwenza ukuba utshintsho luzive lungokwemvelo.
- Iintsapho zingasebenzisa ubuchule obuphumeleleyo ekusombululeni iingxaki ngokwazo kwixa elizayo.
- Ingcali yonyango ichanekile kwaye ihlala inika umsebenzi wasekhaya.
- Hayi kubunzulu bokuhlola.
Umngcipheko wonyango lweentsapho:
- Iinjongo zosapho kufuneka zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kuvunyelwane ngazo.
- Amalungu osapho kufuneka athathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo ngaphandle kweeseshoni zokucebisa.
- Ingcali yonyango ichanekile kwaye ihlala inika umsebenzi wasekhaya.
- Hayi kubunzulu bokuhlola.
Unyango olubalisayo
Kunyango olubalisayo, imiba enokuthi ijongane nosapho ikhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye iqhutywe ngendlela evumela onke amalungu ukuba abalise ibali lawo. Unyango olubalisayo lunceda iintsapho ngokwandisa iingxaki zabo ukuze kube lula ukuxoxa ngazo. Ikwabeka ukuba abantu kunye neentsapho bayakwazi ukuphinda babhale amabali abo kwaye ke batshintshe ibali elingalunganga libe yinto enempilo. Umzekelo, usapho lunokuba nengxelo yokuba lusapho olukude. Unyangi uya kubanceda bagqogqe 'umgama' ukuze bakwazi ukuwucwangcisa kwaye benze ingxelo entsha, esempilweni ebonisa ngcono ukuba bangobani okanye bafuna ukuba lusapho. 'Umgama' ujongwa njengengxaki ebinenjongo ethile, kodwa ayisiyonxalenye yesazisi sabo.
Iinkonzo zonyango olulandayo
Iinkonzo zonyango olulandelayo:
Ungayifumana intswela-ngqesho ukuba uyekile
- Ivumela umntu ngamnye osapho ukuba abelane ngebali lakhe.
- Ingcali yonyango ingqina ingxelo yosapho, enokuthi iphilise.
- Ibali losapho libonwa njengovimba wezifundo ezixabisekileyo, iinjongo ezingafakwanga, kunye nezakhono ezinokubakho.
- Imicimbi ibekwa ngaphandle kwaye ibonwa njengamathuba okufunda.
- Ingcali yonyango ikhokela abathengi kunye namangqina ngenkqubo yazo.
- Inceda iintsapho zibonise amandla abo.
I-Cons ehambelana nonyango olulandayo
Bendlela unyango olusebenzayo:
- Unyango usenokungangqalanga ngokwaneleyo kulwalamano losapho oluthile.
- Ngaba kunokuba nzima kwiintsapho ezingazithandiyo okanye ezingakhululekanga ekukhokeleni iiseshoni.
- Unokuba lixesha elibalulekileyo lokuzibophelela kuxhomekeke kwisantya sosapho.
- Ngaba unokuziva ngathi inkqubela phambili ihamba kancinci.
Unyango loSapho lweBoen
Ithiyori ye-Bowen ijonga iyunithi yosapho iphela njengesixhobo sokudibanisa kunye nokuphawula ukuba uxhulumaniso lweemvakalelo okanye umgama unokuchaphazela kakhulu wonke umntu okwiyunithi yosapho. Unyango lwe-Bowen lukwavavanyaimiba eyahlukeneyo yokuvelisaesele zidlulisiwe kwaye zisebenzisa iuhloboUkutshatisa ezi patheni zigcweleyo zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha kosapho ukuze babone. Iinjongo zethiyori ye-Bowen kukunceda umntu ngamnye ukuba afezekise inqanaba labo lokugqibela lezempilo yengqondo, njengoko oko kuya kuba nefuthe elihle kuyo yonke iyunithi yosapho, kunye nokuyila kwakhona imiba yosapho njengeepateni ezahlukeneyo eziye zadluliselwa.
Iinkonzo kunye neengozi zeTheory Bowen
Iinkonzo ze-Bowen theory:
- Inika umbono opheleleyo xa kufikwa kwimicimbi yosapho kwaye uyivavanye ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga izinto ezininzi.
- Inceda ilungu ngalinye losapho ukuba lisebenze ngokwahlulahlula.
- Unokusebenza nokuba ayinguye wonke umntu othengileyo kunyango.
- Ukulungiswa kobunzulu beemvakalelo kunye nokwakha ukuqonda.
- Ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunye nokuqaqambisa iipateni zonxibelelwano ezingekho sempilweni (unxantathu).
- Ingcali yonyango isebenza njengesikhokelo, kodwa ikhuthaza usapho ukuba lukhulise ukuqonda kwabo.
Umngcipheko wonyango losapho lakwaBowen:
- Ngaba kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwezinye iintsapho, ngakumbi ukuba umzali (abazali) okanye umntu obakhathalelayo (okanye) abakakulungelanga ukuvavanya usapho lwabo okanye iipateni zemvelaphi.
- Ayisiyiyo ithiyori emfutshane yonyango.
- Ngaba kunokuba nzima kubantu abangazinzanga ekusebenzeni ngokweemvakalelo.
- Isenokungafaneleki kwiintsapho ezinabantwana abancinci.
Zithini izinto ezingalunganga ngoNyango loSapho?
Ngelixaunyango losaphoinokuba luncedo olukhulu kwezinye iintsapho, isenokungasebenzi kwabanye. Iintsapho ezingazinikeli ngokupheleleyo kunyango losapho zinokuba nengxaki yokubona utshintsho lwenyani lusenzeka ixesha elide. Ezinye iintsapho zisenokungakulungeli ukwemba kwimicimbi abajongana nayo, kwaye kulungile.
Zithini iiNjongo eziNtathu zoNyango loSapho?
Ngelixa iinjongo zonyango lwasekhaya ziya kwahluka kusapho ngalunye olwahlukileyo, ngokubanzi ezinye iinjongo zinokubandakanya:
- Yenza iyunithi yosapho esempilweni
- Ukuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano
- Qonda iipatheni ezifanelekileyo zonxibelelwano (ukusombulula ingxaki esempilweni, ukusombulula ungquzulwano, kunye nemida ekhuselekileyo)
Zithini ezi ntlobo zintathu zonyango?
Iindidi ezintathu zonyango zibandakanya usapho, izibini kunye nomntu ngamnye. Ngokobuchwephesha bonyango, kukho iindlela ezingaphezu kwezintathu onokukhetha kuzo, kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba uninzi lweetherapisti luza kusebenzisa indlela eclectic okanye yokudibanisa kwaye lubandakanye iindlela ezininzi zethiyori ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabaxumi bazo.
Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo kunyango lwasekhaya?
Inkqubo nganye yonyango yosapho iya kuza neenzuzo ezithile kunye neengxaki. Xa ukhetha ugqirha wosapho, gcinani engqondweni ukuba eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa kufikwa kuqikelelo lwesiphumo esiyimpumelelo kukukhetha ugqirha osapho oluva ukuba banolwalamano oluhle naye.
ukucoca njani igrisi etshisiweyo kwiipani zokufryisa
