Ukudakumba Okukhulu kwaqala ngo-1929 kwaye kwaqhubeka de kwangowe-1939, kwaphela ngokunyusa okwabangelwa luxolo lwemfazwe. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ngexesha lokuDodobala Okukhulu kunyukele kumanqanaba aphindwe kabini kwaye kwahlala kunjalo kangangeminyaka elishumi.
Ukuqala koxinzelelo olukhulu
Ukudakumba Okukhulu kwaqala e-United States ngethuba imarike yestokhwe yadilika ngo-Okthobha u-29, 1929. Olu suku lwaziwa njenge 'Black Tuesday.' Kude kube lelo xesha, abathengi baseMelika bebesiya besanda Ukuboleka (nokuhlawula) imali, Kwakukho intelekelelo exhaphakileyo kwimarike yemasheya , kunye Amaxabiso esitokhwe ayesoloko enyuka . Amaxabiso esitokhwe aqala ukutyibilika ngehlobo lowe-1929, kwaye ukuthengisa kwafikelela kwinqanaba lokuphakuzela ngo-Okthobha.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Uluhlu lwemiSebenzi engaphandle
- Igalari yeMisebenzi yaseKholejini yeHlabathi
- Imisebenzi yokuSebenza neeNja
Ixesha eliphantsi leemarike lenzeke ngoJulayi ka-1932 no-1933 lalithathwa njengokuphakama koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngelo xesha, phantse Iipesenti ezingama-50 zeebhanki zase-U.S bezivaliwe okanye bezisondele ukusilela. Inani elipheleleyo leebhanki lehle malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 phakathi kowe-1929 nowe-1934, ngomyinge ophakathi Iibhanki ezingama-600 ziyasilela ngonyaka phakathi kowe-1921 nowe-1929.
Nje ngeziphumo, amanqanaba orhwebo (ukuthunyelwa kwempahla), imisebenzi kunye nengeniso yobuqu yehle eMelika, yabangela ukuba irhafu eqokelelwe ngurhulumente yehle kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lume ngxi kweminye imimandla. Amafama ayenexesha elinzima njengoko amaxabiso ezinto ezithengiswayo ezantsi. Ezinye iimveliso zezolimo beziphantsi ngeepesenti ezingama-60. Inkqubo ye- imveliso yasekhaya encangathi (I-GDP) yancitshiswa phantse ngesiqingatha, yehla isuka kwi-104 yezigidigidi ngo-1929 ukuya kwi-56 yezigidigidi ngo-1933.
Uxinzelelo-Era Ukungaqeshwa
Le ngxaki yezemali ikhokelele kwimpembelelo ebalulekileyo (kunye nokubi) kwingqesho, e-US nakwamanye amazwe. Intswela-ngqesho inyuke kakhulu ezidolophini, ngakumbi kwezo apho kuqeshwe abasebenzi abaninzi kwishishini elinye.
Rekhoda ukungasebenzi eMelika
EUnited States, intswela-ngqesho inyuke yaya kwiipesenti ezingama-25 kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ngexesha loxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngokwenyani, ikota yabasebenzi belizwe yayingasebenzi. Eli nani liguqulelwe kwizigidi ezili-15 zaseMelika ezingasebenziyo. Izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi alizange lihle ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezilishumi de emva kokuba ilizwe lingene kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngoDisemba ka-1941.
Ukungaqeshwa okusasazekileyo kule minyaka kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubemi baseMelika. Iinkqubo zoncedo kwezentlalo ezikhoyo namhlanje ukunceda abantu ngamaxesha anzima zazingafumaneki ngelo xesha. Kwakungekho i-inshurensi yokungaqeshwa ukubonelela ngezibonelelo kubantu ababengaphangeli. Abantu ababenethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangaqeshwa babesoyika ukuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo kwaye baphele njengabasebenzi abaninzi abafudukayo ' bakhwela iileyili 'Ndikhangela ingqesho.
Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwihlabathi jikelele
Impembelelo yoxinzelelo olukhulu kwingqesho yandiswa ngaphaya kweMelika.
- Amanqanaba okungaqeshwa eCanada ayephakame kakhulu kunaseMelika, nge 30 pesenti waseKhanada abasebenzi ngaphandle komsebenzi.
- EGlasgow, intswela-ngqesho inyuke yaya kwiipesenti ezingama-30 kukonke. Kwiindawo ezinje ENewcastle , apho ishishini eliphambili lalisakha iinqanawa, imeko yayimbi kakhulu. Umzi mveliso wokwakha iinqanawa ufumene ukudodobala okunzulu, ukuthumela inqanaba lokungaphangeli apho kwiipesenti ezingama-70.
- Ngaphezulu kwama-200 abasebenzi baseJarrow , kumntla-mpuma weNgilani, bamatsha besiya eLondon ngo-Okthobha ka-1936 beyokufaka uxwebhu lwezikhalazo olwasayinwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-12,000 becela urhulumente ukuba athabathe amanyathelo, kuba lo mmandla wawuthwaxwa bubuhlwempu. Inkulumbuso, uStanley Baldwin, wenqabile ukudibana nabo, kodwa baphumelela ukuhambisa uxwebhu lwezikhalazo ePalamente.
Ulawulo lweRoosevelt
Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala athathwa ngu-Franklin Roosevelt xa waba ngu-Mongameli wase-United States ngo-1933 yayikukubhengeza iholide yebhanki eyaqala nge-6 Matshi ngo-1933. Ulawulo lwakhe lwalunoxanduva lokwazisa umthetho inshorensi yeebhanki .
Ukongeza, urhulumente kaRoosevelt wayenoxanduva lokudlulisa imithetho ukunika uncedo kubambiso lwamafama nakubantu abanamakhaya. Ngenxa yoko, isiqinisekiso semali mboleko sikarhulumente safumaneka kubanini bamakhaya abatsha kwaye ngaphezulu kwabantu abazizigidi ezingama-20 babekhona unikwe uncedo lukarhulumente.
Ukuphelisa ukudodobala okukhulu
Ukufika kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi ngo-1939 kwakha imisebenzi yabangasebenziyo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemikhosi exhobileyo, ekugqibeleni kunceda ekupheliseni ukudodobala okukhulu. Iifektri zaqala ukwenza izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa emkhosini. Abafazi bangena emsebenzini ngemihlambi, besenza imisebenzi eyayifudula ibanjwa ngamadoda, beqala imeko eza kuqhubeka kuwo wonke umzamo wemfazwe.
