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KWELI NQAKU Abantwana abasacathulayo bayakhala ukuze batsalele ingqalelo yabazali babo okanye yabanonopheli babo. Nangona kunjalo, banokukhwaza ngenxa yokuphoxeka, ukukruquka, okanye ezinye izizathu. Nangona iqhelekile into yokuba ukukhala kwabantwana kunxulunyaniswe nentlupheko, kubalulekile ukuzama ukumisela unobangela osisiseko kunye nokuwusingatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Funda esi sithuba ukuze wazi malunga nezinto ezinokubangela ukukhala kwabantwana abaselula, izizathu zokuba kutheni bekhala ngexesha lokulala, kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokujongana nezizathu ezibangela ukukhala kwabo.
Ngaba Iqhelekile Ukuba Umntwana Osacathulayo Akhwaze?
Ukukhala umntwana ohambahambayo yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye yinxalenye yokukhula ngokweemvakalelo zomntwana. Apha ngezantsi kukho iinyani eziqaphelekayo malunga nokucaphuka kunye nokukhala phakathi kwabantwana abancinci (Nye) .
- Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuqala kokukhala komntwana yiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu, kodwa ingenzeka nakubantwana abancinci.
- Isiqendu somsindo esikhalayo sinokuhlala imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu emininzi.
- Ukucaphuka ngemini kuqhelekile phakathi kwabantwana abasafundayo.
- I-87% yabantwana abaselula abaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-18 kunye neenyanga ezingama-24 bayakhala.
- I-91% yabantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweenyanga ezingama-30 kunye neenyanga ezingama-36 banomsindo wokukhala.
Ngaba bonke abantwana abasacathulayo badlula kwiSigaba sokuKhala?
Uninzi lwabantwana abaselula banokubonakalisa uhlobo oluthile lokucaphuka, nangona ingengabo bonke abanokubhenela ekukhaleni. Ngokutsho kweAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, abantwana abaselula banokubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemvakalelo (Mbini) . Abantwana banobuntu obukhethekileyo, kwaye, njengabantu abadala, akukho bantwana bancinci banokufana (3) . Ngoko ke, isenokungaqheleki into yokuba ubone umntwana oselula onesimilo esizolileyo ngoxa umntwana wakho esoloko enomsindo.
Abazali kufuneka bagxininise ekuqinisekiseni oyena nobangela wokucaphuka kuba kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunokuthelekisa umntwana wakho nabanye abantwana.
Kutheni abancinci bekhala?
Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeemeko kunye neemeko ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekungxoleni kokukhala phakathi kwabantwana abaselula (4) .
| Ukubonisa unxunguphalo kunye noxinzelelo: | Sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sokuba umntwana osakhasayo akhale ngokungalawulekiyo. Abantwana abasacathulayo badla ngokudimazeka, ngakumbi xa umsebenzi okanye imeko ingenaziphumo zifunekayo. Baye bakhathazeke baze babhenele ekukhaleni ngenxa yokungabi nabuchule bokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo. Abanye abantwana abancinci bayakhala ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwengqondo okanye lomzimba, olunokuthi lwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya indlala, ukudinwa, ukugula kunye neentlungu. | Ukungakwazi ukuthetha: | Abantwana abasakhasayo banesigama esingafanelekanga kwaye ngokufuthi abayazi indlela yokubeka iimvakalelo zabo ngamazwi. Umntwana usenokungazi ukuba kufanelekile ekuhlaleni ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe ngamazwi kunokukhwaza. Baye bafunde ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukukhala kubenza bafumane ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo.| Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle: | Umntwana oselula usenokukhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo efuna ingqalelo kwaye ajonge ukuba inokusebenza kude kangakanani na ukuze afumane oko akufunayo. Oku kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo xa umntwana oselula enqatshelwe into ethile kwixesha elidlulileyo waza wakwazi ukuyifumana ngokukhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumkhathaleli. | Umdla owanelisayo: | Abanye abantwana abaselula banokukhala kuphela ukuvavanya indlela abasabela ngayo. Inokuthi yenzeke ngakumbi xa abazali okanye abanye abakhathaleli abaziwayo bekhona kuba umntwana oselula angaziva ekhuselekile xa ezama xa enabantu abaqhelekileyo.| Ukukhalela ulonwabo: | Ukuba ukukhala akubangelwa yinkuthazo yokufuna impendulo okanye ukufumana into, oko kubonisa ukuba umntwana uyakhala nje ukuze onwabe. Oku kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo xa umntwana oselula enqatshelwe into ethile kwixesha elidlulileyo waza wakwazi ukuyifumana ngokukhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumkhathaleli. Kutheni umntwana oselula ekhala ngexesha lokulala?
Abanye abantwana abaselula babhenela ekukhaleni ngomsindo kuphela ngaphambi kokulala. Inokwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo.
| Andiziva kamnandi: | Umntwana ongekaphili kakuhle usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukulala okanye afumane ukulala phantsi kungakhululeki, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni akhale. Iimeko ezininzi zinokuyibangela, kwaye ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo kukuphuma kwamazinyo, usulelo lwendlebe, kunye nokuxinana.Bhalisa | Andidinwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndilale: | Ukuba umntwana omncinci unobuthongo obuninzi bemini okanye uvuselelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokudlala ngaphambi kokulala, ngoko banokungaziva bediniwe ngokwaneleyo ukuba balale. Isenokubenza bakhwaze ngenxa yonxunguphalo xa benyanzelwa ukuba bahlale ebhedini.| Ukoyika ubumnyama: | Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abaselula boyike ubumnyama. Abanye abantwana abancinci banokuba namaphupha amabi rhoqo kunye nokoyika ebusuku, okubenza bangalali ebumnyameni. Ngoko ke, xa becelwa ukuba balale, basenokuxhathisa ngokukhwaza kakhulu. | Ixhala lokuhlukana: | Uninzi lwabantwana abancinci bafumana ixhala lokuhlukana apho boyika ukuba kude nomzali wabo okanye umnakekeli othandekayo. Ubumnyama kunye nokuba wedwa kunokwandisa unxunguphalo lokwahlukana okubangela ukuba umntwana oselula abhenele kwisikhalo sokukhala phambi kokulala.| Ukungonwabi yimpahla okanye ebhedini: S | Abantwana abancinci banokubhenela ekukhaleni ngenxa yokungakhululeki okubangelwa yibhedi okanye impahla. Amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, njengokutshisa kakhulu okanye ukubanda kakhulu, nawo anokubangela ukukhala. Inokwenzeka kakhulu kubantwana abancinci abanokuthi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa amagama ukubonisa ukungonwabi. | Utshintsho kwindlela yesiqhelo: | Ukuyekwa kutshanje ekuncanciseni okanye ukutshintsha ukusuka kwibhedi ukuya kwibhedi yomntwana.Ungamnqanda njani umntwana osakhasayo?
Ungazama la manyathelo alandelayo ukuthomalalisa umntwana osakhasayo kwaye umtyhafise ukuba angangxoli (5) (6) (7) .
| Jonga isigulo: | Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukujonga ukuba umntwana unengxaki esisiseko okanye imeko ebangela intlungu. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abancinci abanomkhuhlane, intlungu ebuhlungu, kunye nosulelo lwendlebe banokuhlala bekhala ngenxa yokungakhululeki. Usenokubonana nogqirha kwiimeko ezinjalo ekubeni ukunyanga unobangela kunokuyeka ukukhala. | Baphazamise: | Ukuba umntwana uyakhala ukuze afumane ingqalelo okanye ukuzonwabisa, unokumdimaza ngokumphazamisa. Kulula kakhulu ukuphazamisa umntwana. Bonisa intshontsho lekati elihle okanye ilifu elimile kakuhle okanye i-mannequin engaqhelekanga kwifestile yevenkile, kwaye banokulibala ukuba kutheni bekhala. | Yamkela ukukhathazeka: | Ukukhala ngenxa yokuphoxeka kunye nokuphoxeka kunokuncitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuvuma. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho ohambahambayo uyakhala epakini kuba ilixesha lokuba ayeke ukudlala ngesilayidi, yithi, ndicela uxolo ngokuyeka isilayidi ukwenzela abanye. Kodwa unokubuya kamva. Ukuvuma umzali okanye umkhathaleli kunokulinciphisa ixesha elichithwa kukukhala aze akuyeke ngokuthe ngcembe. | Seta imithetho: | Yenza imithetho kwaye unamathele kuyo kuzo zonke iimeko. Unokwenza umthetho kanye phambi kwayo nayiphi na imeko enokuthi iqalise ukukhala. Umzekelo, ukuba uya kwivenkile yokudlala, misela umthetho wangaphambili wokuba umntwana wakho ohambahambayo unokuba nethoyizi enye kuphela kwaye angabikho ngaphezulu. Inokunceda ukuthintela ukukhala okungathandekiyo komntwana xa efuna into yokudlala eyongezelelweyo kwivenkile yokudlala. | Misela inkqubo: | Yiba nenkqubo emiselweyo yomntwana wakho oselula ukuze azi ukuba alindele nini umsebenzi kunye nobude bawo. Kuyanceda ukuthintela ukucaphuka phakathi kwabantwana abancinci abafuna ukuchitha ixesha elininzi bedlala ngaphambi kokulala. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho oselula unendawo yokulala ixesha elimiselweyo suku ngalunye ukunqanda ukulala kakhulu, okunokuphazamisana nokulala ebusuku.| Zifundise ukuzilawula: | Abantwana abadadlana banokufundiswa amagama nezivakalisi abanokuthi basebenzise iimvakalelo zabo kubazali, kwabo babanyamekelayo nakuontanga babo. Ungamkhuthaza umntwana oselula ukuba afikelele kumzali okufutshane okanye umkhathaleli phambi kokuba akhwaze okanye abonakalise umsindo.| Khokela ngomzekelo: | Ukuba unqwenela ukuba umntwana wakho omncinane alandele indlela ethile yokuziphatha, mvumele ukuba ayifunde ngokukujongisisa. Sebenzisa amagama achubekileyo xa uthetha kwaye uzole xa ulungisa imiba phambi kwabantwana abasafundayo. Abantwana abaselula bayachukumiseka yaye banokufunda iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokusabela kwimeko ethile ngokujonga abazali babo.| Jonga izinto ozilindeleyo: | Ukulindela into eninzi kakhulu kumntwana wakho ohambahambayo kunokubangela ukuba angafikeleli kwiziphumo ozifunayo, oku kumenza akhathazeke kwaye athambekele ekuphoseni isikhalo. Umntwana ngamnye oselula wahlukile. Ke ngoko, misela imida esempilweni kunye nolindelo olunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho oselula azalisekise.| Musa ukunyoba okanye ubophe: | Ungaze usebenzise ukunyoba ukukhuthaza umntwana ukuba ayeke ukukhala. Nokuba ubotshwa phantsi koxinzelelo kube kanye, umntwana omncinci uya kusebenzisa ukukhwaza ukuze afumane oko akufunayo. Iya kubeka emngciphekweni yonke imizamo yakho yokuthintela ukukhala.| Nika uqinisekiso olulungileyo: | Mxabise umntwana wakho ngalo lonke ixesha ebonisa ukuziphatha kakuhle okanye esabela ngaphandle kokukhala okanye ukuphosa umsindo. Bancome xa belandela ucwangciso baze bafunde ukuhlonela umda wamaxesha. Ukuqiniswa okulungileyo yindlela ebalaseleyo yokufundisa umntwana imikhwa elungileyo ngamava akhe.Xa Umfowunela UGqirha?
Unokubonana nogqirha malunga nendlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo ngokukhalayo kwezi meko zilandelayo (4) .
- Umntwana oselula uyaqhubeka nokukhala nangona ungenelelo oluninzi.
- Umntwana omncinci akayiqondi imiyalelo esisiseko okanye imithetho, ekhokelela ekucaphukeni kwiindawo ezininzi, njengepaki kunye nevenkile yokutyela.
- Isiqendu ngasinye sokukhala sithatha iyure okanye ngaphezulu.
- Umntwana oselula uhlala ezenzakalisa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ezenzakalisa abanye ngelixa ekhala.
- Umntwana osakhasayo unengxaki yokuthetha okanye akanabuchule bokuncokola nabanye xa ethelekiswa noontanga bakhe.
- Umntwana wakho umdala kuneminyaka emithathu.
Ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uyakhala ngaphambi kokulala kwaye ubonakala engaphilanga, dibana nogqirha. Abantwana abancinci abakhalayo ngenxa yokugula babonisa ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu, ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokungafuni ukutya.
Kunokuba luxinezeleko kubazali ukujongana nosana olukhalayo. Ngombulelo, ukuziphatha okwexeshana, kwaye njengoko izakhono zokunxibelelana zomntwana ziphucula, baya kuxhomekeka kumagama ukuze babelane ngeemvakalelo zabo. Ukumisela imithetho enempilo kunye nesiqhelo esisisigxina yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ukucaphuka kunye nokukhala. Ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uyaqhubeka ekhala nangona yonke imizamo yakho, unganqikazi ukuthetha nogqirha wabantwana.
Nye. Ukucaphuka ; Ithala leencwadi leLizwe laseU.S
Mbini. Uphuhliso lweemvakalelo: Abaneminyaka emi-2 ubudala ; I-American Academy of Pediatrics
3. Iminyaka kunye ne-S'https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=temper-tantrums-90-P02295' target=_blank rel='landela i-noopener noreferrer'>I-Temper Tantrums ; Impilo yaBantwana yaseStanford
5. I-Tantrum kwiVenkile yokutya ; American Psychological Association
6. Ukukhala Ngezinto Ezincinci ; Isibhedlele sabantwana sasePhiladelphia
7. Iingcebiso ezili-10 zokuThintela iNdlela yokuziPhatha yoMntwana oNdlobongela ; I-American Academy of Pediatrics
