Amagama okugqibela aseJapan, akwabizwa ngokuba ziifani, anentsingiselo enzulu yenkcubeko nembali eJapan. Azisebenzi nje njengezazisi zomntu ngamnye, kodwa zikwabonisa ubutyebi belifa lemveli nezithethe zelizwe. Amagama okugqibela aseJapan akhethekile ekuqulunqweni kwawo kwaye ahlala eneentsingiselo ezongeza ubunzulu nobuhle kubuntu bakhe.
Ngokungafaniyo namazwe aseNtshona apho amagama efani adla ngokuzuzwa kuyise kabani, ifani zesiJapan zinokufunyanwa kubazali bobabini. Olu qheliselo, olwaziwa ngokuba ngu-uji-na okanye yōmyō, luvumela uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwamagama efani angaphelelanga kwisini esithile okanye kumnombo wosapho. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana bakowenu babe nefani ezahlukeneyo eJapan.
Enye into enomdla yamagama efani zaseJapan kukusetyenziswa koonobumba be-kanji ukumela intsingiselo yabo. I-Kanji, eyavela e-China, yinkqubo yokubhala ye-logographic esebenzisa iisimboli zemifanekiso ukuhambisa intsingiselo. Ngokudibanisa abalinganiswa abahlukeneyo be-kanji, amagama okugqibela aseJapan angabonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweentsingiselo ezinxulumene nendalo, ubuchwephesha, iimvakalelo kunye nokunye. Oku kudala umgangatho wobubongo kunye nobugcisa kumagama okugqibela aseJapan, awenze angabi yileyibhile nje, kodwa abe yindlela yokubonakalisa.
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Ukuqonda amagama aseJapan kunye neentsingiselo zawo
Amagama okugqibela aseJapan, awaziwa ngokuba ziifani okanye amagama osapho, anentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kwaye adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseJapan. Ngokungafaniyo namagama aseNtshona, adla ngokugqithiswa kwizizukulwana, amagama aseJapan ahluke kakhulu kwaye anokutshintsha kwisizukulwana ngasinye.
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Amagama okugqibela aseJapan asuka kwimisebenzi, iindawo, okanye iimpawu. Umzekelo, igama lokugqibela elithi 'Suzuki' lithetha 'umthi wentsimbi' kwaye liqhele ukunxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezazibandakanyeka kwimveliso okanye urhwebo lwemithi yentsimbi. Ngokufanayo, igama lokugqibela elithi 'Tanaka' lithetha 'umbindi wentsimi yerayisi' kwaye lihlala linxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezihlala okanye ezisebenza kumasimi erayisi.
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Ukongeza kwimisebenzi kunye neendawo, amagama aseJapan anokuthi asekelwe kwiimpawu zomntu okanye ezinye iinkalo zendalo. Umzekelo, igama lokugqibela elithi 'Yamamoto' lithetha 'isiseko sentaba' kwaye lihlala linxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezihlala kufutshane okanye ezisebenza ezintabeni. Igama lokugqibela elithi 'Sato' lithetha 'ilali' kwaye lelinye lawona magama axhaphakileyo efani eJapan, ebonisa unxulumano neentsapho ezihlala okanye ezinelali.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amagama eefani zaseJapan anokuba neentsingiselo ezininzi kunye nokutolika. Oku kungenxa yokuba abalinganiswa abasetyenziselwa ukubhala la magama banokufunda kunye neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ifani 'Nakamura' inokuthetha 'ilali ephakathi' okanye 'ngaphakathi kwelali,' kuxhomekeke kubalinganiswa abathile abasetyenzisiweyo.
KwiJapan yanamhlanje, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu babe nefani kunye negama. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembali, ezinye iintsapho zaseJapan zasebenzisa amagama abo okugqibela, ngaphandle kwamagama anikiweyo. Esi senzo siye sangaxhaphakanga ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa sisekho kwezinye iimeko.
| Ifani | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Suzuki | Umthi wentsimbi |
| Tanaka | Embindini wentsimi yerayisi |
| Yamamoto | Isiseko sentaba |
| Sato | Ilali |
| Nakamura | Ilali ephakathi / Ngaphakathi kwilali |
Ngokubanzi, ukuqonda iintsingiselo zamagama eefani zaseJapan kunokunika ingqiqo kwimbali etyebileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yaseJapan. La magama abonisa imisebenzi, iindawo, kunye neempawu ezazibalulekile kwiintsapho zaseJapan kwimbali yonke, kwaye zisaqhubeka ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi saseJapan namhlanje.
Amagama efani zaseJapan amiselwa njani?
EJapan, ifani, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'myouji' okanye 'seimei,' idla ngokufunyanwa njengelifa kubazali bomntu. Ukuzimisela kwamagama okugqibela aseJapan kulandela iipatheni ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo:
1. Amagama ePatronymic: Amagama amaninzi efani zaseJapan athatyathwe kumagama ookhokho bomntu okanye kumnombo wosapho. La magama ahlala aphela ngo-'-shi' okanye '-hara' kwaye abonisa imvelaphi yembali yosapho okanye umsebenzi.
2. Amagama eeNgingqi: Ezinye ifani zaseJapan zisekelwe kwindawo yemvelaphi yosapho. La magama ahlala ebandakanya amagama afana ne 'yama' (intaba), 'mura' (ilali), okanye 'tani' (intlambo) ukubonisa uqhagamshelwano kwindawo ethile.
3. Amagama oMsebenzi: Amagama athile efani zaseJapan athatyathwe kumsebenzi okanye kurhwebo lwezinyanya zomntu. Umzekelo, amagama anje 'Takahashi' (ibhulorho ephakamileyo) okanye 'Nakamura' (ilali ephakathi) abonisa umsebenzi wembali wokwakhiwa kwebhulorho okanye ukulima, ngokulandelelanayo.
4. Amagama achazayo: Amanye amagama aseJapan achaza uphawu lomntu okanye imbonakalo yomntu okanye izinyanya zabo. La magama angabandakanya amagama afana no 'kuro' (omnyama), 'shiro' (mhlophe), okanye 'suzuki' (umthi wentsimbi) ukubonisa uphawu oluthile.
5. Amagama Owamkelwe: Kwezinye iimeko, abantu banokutshintsha ifani yabo ukuze banxulumane nentsapho ethile okanye bahlonele umntu amthandayo. La magama amkelweyo anokuba nemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo kwaye akalandeleli iipateni zemveli.
Ukuzimisela kwamagama okugqibela aseJapan kuphenjelelwa yimbali, inkcubeko, kunye nentlalo, nto leyo ebenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi saseJapan kunye nelifa lemveli.
Ngaba iifani zaseJapan zinentsingiselo?
Ewe, iifani zaseJapan zinentsingiselo. Ngokungafaniyo namagama amaninzi aseNtshona ahlala ephuma kwimisebenzi okanye kwiindawo, iifani zaseJapan zihlala zivela kwindalo, izinto, okanye iimpawu. Ezi fani zihlala zibonisa imiba yembali kunye nenkcubeko yaseJapan.
Umzekelo, ifani 'Suzuki' ithatyathwe kwigama lesiJapan elithi 'bell tree.' Le fani isenokuba yayinikwe iintsapho ezazihlala kufuphi okanye ezazisebenza ngemithi yentsimbi. Omnye umzekelo yifani 'Takahashi,' elithetha 'ibhulorho ephezulu.' Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iintsapho ezinale fani zazinxulunyaniswa neebhulorho okanye zazihlala kufuphi neebhulorho eziphakamileyo.
Ukongeza kwindalo kunye nezinto, iifani zaseJapan nazo zinokufumaneka kwiimpawu zomntu. Umzekelo, ifani 'Yamamoto' ithetha 'isiseko sentaba.' Le fani isenokuba yayinikwe iintsapho ezazihlala emazantsi entaba okanye ezazinonxibelelwano oluqinileyo neentaba.
Ngapha koko, ezinye iifani zaseJapan zinentsingiselo yembali. Ifani ethi 'Tokugawa' inxulunyaniswa neTokugawa shogunate, urhulumente onamandla wasemkhosini owalawula iJapan iminyaka engaphezu kwama-250. Le fani idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nabantu ababeyinzala okanye abanxulumene nosapho olulawulayo lwamaTokugawa.
Iifani zaseJapan zinentsingiselo kwaye zinika ukuqonda kwimbali yelizwe, inkcubeko kunye nendalo engqongileyo. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi saseJapan kwaye zinegalelo kubuhle kunye neyantlukwano yenkqubo yamagama yaseJapan.
Ukuphonononga iifani zaseJapan ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga
Xa kuziwa kumagama okugqibela aseJapan, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezityebileyo zeendlela ezikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga ezibonisa imbali nenkcubeko yaseJapan eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi fani zidla ngokuba neentsingiselo nemvelaphi enomdla, nto leyo ezenza zibe ngumxholo onomdla wokuphononongwa.
Omnye umzekelo wefani engaqhelekanga yaseJapan ngu 'Kawabata'. Eli gama, elithetha 'unxweme lomlambo', lithatyathwe kwindibaniselwano yamagama 'kawa' (umlambo) kunye 'nehata' (unxweme). Inika umfanekiso-ngqondweni weendawo ezizolileyo kunye nobuhle obuzolileyo bendalo.
Elinye igama lefani yaseJapan elinomdla nelikhethekileyo ngu'Yamaguchi'. Le fani, ethetha 'umlomo wentaba', ithathwe kumagama 'yama' (intaba) kunye 'guchi' (umlomo). Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwindawo yendlu yezinyanya zosapho, ngokufuthi kufutshane nentaba okanye intlambo. Eli gama lithwala ingqiqo yokomelela kunye nokomelela, livuselela umfanekiso wentaba enkulu.
'Hoshizaki' yenye ifani engaqhelekanga yaseJapan enentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kunye neyombongo. Yindibaniselwano yamagama 'hoshi' (inkwenkwezi) kunye ne'zaki' (ikapa), ebonisa ikapa okanye ilizwe apho iinkwenkwezi zikhazimla ngokuqaqambileyo. Eli gama libonisa uxhulumaniso kummandla wasezulwini kwaye lidlulisela imvakalelo emangalisayo kunye nobuhle.
Ukuphonononga ezi fani zikhethekileyo nezingaqhelekanga zaseJapan kunika umbono wobuchule obuntsonkothileyo benkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nembali. Igama ngalinye libalisa ibali kwaye limele umnombo onokubaluleka kunye nobuhle bawo. Nokuba ngumlambo ozolileyo, intaba enkulu, okanye iinkwenkwezi ezikhanyayo, ezi fani zibamba isiseko sendalo kunye nezithethe ezinzulu zaseJapan.
Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa udibana nefani yaseJapan engaqhelekanga okanye enqabileyo, thatha umzuzwana ukuxabisa ukohluka kwayo kwaye uphonononge intsingiselo esemva kwayo. Unokuzifumana uthabatheka ngamabali afihlakeleyo kunye nobuhle obungaphakathi kula magama.
Leliphi ifani yaseJapan enqabileyo?
Amagama eefani zaseJapan aziwa ngokwahlukeneyo kunye nokungafani. Ngamawaka eefani ezahlukeneyo eJapan, kunzima ukumisela eyona inqabileyo. Nangona kunjalo, elinye lawona magama anqabileyo efani zaseJapan ngu'Kawazoe.'
Igama elithi 'Kawazoe' alaziwa ngokubanzi kwaye aliqhelekanga. Kukholelwa ukuba iphuma kwintsapho yaseKawazoe kwiJapan yamandulo. Le ndlu yayisaziwa ngokunxulumana neklasi yamaSamurai kunye nokunxibelelana kwayo neqela leMinamoto.
Ngenxa yokunqaba kwayo, igama elithi 'Kawazoe' linomtsalane othile kunye nobuqhetseba. Abantu abanale fani basenokuziva beziva bengoobani kwaye bazingca ngelifa labo.
Ngelixa 'iKawazoe' inokuthi ithathwe njengelona gama linqabileyo lefani yaseJapan, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukunqaba akuhambelani nokubaluleka okanye ukubaluleka. Ifani nganye yaseJapan inembali yayo kunye nentsingiselo, inegalelo kubutyebi benkcubeko yaseJapan.
Enoba ifani iqhelekile okanye inqabile, yimbonakaliso yemvelaphi yentsapho yaye inokuba nentsingiselo nentsingiselo enzulu. Amagama okugqibela aseJapan asisikhumbuzo sembali ende yelizwe kunye noluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweempembelelo eziye zabumba inkcubeko yalo.
Ke, ngelixa 'iKawazoe' inokuthi ithathwe njengenqabileyo, ngumzekelo nje omnye wamagama amaninzi angamaJapan awodwa kunye namahle akhoyo.
zithatha ixesha elingakanani iintlanzi ezikhulelweyo
Zeziphi ezinye iifani ezingaqhelekanga?
Iifani zaseJapan ziyaziwa ngembali yazo etyebileyo kunye neentsingiselo ezizodwa. Ngelixa uninzi lweefani zaseJapan zixhaphakile kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu, zikho nezinye ezingaqhelekanga ezigqamileyo. Ezi fani zihlala zinemvelaphi enomdla kwaye zingabonakalisa umsebenzi wentsapho, indawo, okanye iimpawu zobuntu bokhokho. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yeefani zaseJapan ezingaqhelekanga:
- Kawabata - Le fani iguqulela ku-'river bank' kwaye ihlala inxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezihlala kufuphi nemilambo okanye ezinemisebenzi enxulumene namanzi.
- Yamashita - Lithetha 'phantsi kwentaba,' le fani iqhele ukufunyanwa phakathi kweentsapho ezazihlala kwimimandla yeentaba.
- Shimabukuro - Le fani iyingqayizivele kwingingqi ye-Okinawa kwaye ihlala idibaniswa neentsapho ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso okanye urhwebo lweswekile.
- Ono - Ithatyathwe kwigama lesiJapan elithi 'intsimi,' le fani idla ngokunxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezazibandakanyeka kwezolimo.
- Uehara - Ithetha 'intsimi ephezulu,' le fani idla ngokufunyanwa phakathi kweentsapho ezinobunini okanye ezisebenza kumasimi aphakamileyo.
- Higashiyama - Le fani iguqulela 'kwintaba esempuma' kwaye ihlala idityaniswa neentsapho ezazihlala kwimpuma yeJapan.
Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeefani ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezifumaneka eJapan. Ifani nganye inebali layo elahlukileyo kwaye inokunika ulwazi ngembali kunye nelifa lemveli losapho. Ukuphonononga intsingiselo kunye nokubaluleka kwezi fani yindlela enika umdla yokufunda ngakumbi ngenkcubeko nezithethe zamaJapani.
Amagama Okugqibela aseJapan aqhelekileyo kunye namahle
Amagama okugqibela aseJapan, awaziwa ngokuba ziifani, ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nembali. Ngokufuthi zibonisa imvelaphi, umsebenzi, okanye iimpawu zobuntu bentsapho. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namahle aseJapan adluliselwe kwizizukulwana.
| Ifani | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Sato | Elinye lawona magama aseJapan aqhelekileyo, iSato ithetha 'iswekile' okanye 'ilali'. Ihlala ifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseJapan. |
| Tanaka | UTanaka lifani elidumileyo elithetha 'intsimi yerayisi' okanye 'umbindi wentsimi yerayisi'. Ligama elinxulunyaniswa neendawo zasemaphandleni kunye nezolimo. |
| Suzuki | I-Suzuki ligama lefani elaziwayo ngokubanzi elithetha 'umthi wentsimbi'. Ithatyathwe kwigama lesixhobo somculo kwaye inxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi wobugcisa. |
| Yamamoto | I-Yamamoto ligama eliqhelekileyo eJapan elithetha 'isiseko sentaba'. Idla ngokudityaniswa nabantu abahlala kufuphi okanye abanonxibelelwano neentaba. |
| Kobayashi | I-Kobayashi ligama elihle lefani elithetha 'ihlathi elincinci'. Inxulunyaniswa nendalo kwaye ihlala ifumaneka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseJapan. |
| Takahashi | I-Takahashi ligama lefani elidumileyo elithetha 'ibhulorho ephezulu'. Idibaniswa nezakhiwo kunye nobunjineli, ebonisa ukubaluleka kweebhulorho kwinkcubeko yaseJapan. |
Le yimizekelo embalwa yamagama aqhelekileyo kunye namahle aseJapan. Igama ngalinye linentsingiselo yalo ekhethekileyo kunye nembali, yongeza kwi-tapestry ecebileyo yenkcubeko yaseJapan. Ingaba unomdla kumlibo wokuzalwa okanye uxabisa nje ubuhle bamagama aseJapan, ukuhlola ukubaluleka kwamagama okugqibela kunokubonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu kweJapan kunye nabantu bayo.
Yintoni ifani yaseJapan enethamsanqa?
Kwinkcubeko yaseJapan, amagama athile okugqibela athathwa njengokuzisa ithamsanqa kunye nokuchuma kubantu kunye neentsapho zabo. La magama okugqibela anethamsanqa ahlala enxulunyaniswa neempawu ezintle kunye neesimboli ekukholelwa ukuba zitsala ithamsanqa kunye nempumelelo.
Omnye umzekelo wefani yaseJapan enethamsanqa ngu'Kazuki,' elithetha 'imvisiswano' okanye 'uxolo' ngesiJapan. Kukholelwa ukuba eli gama lizisa imvakalelo yokuzola kunye nokulingana kubathwali balo, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo kunye nobomi obunoxolo.
Elinye igama lefani enethamsanqa ngu'Matsushita,' elithetha 'phantsi komthi wepayini' ngesiJapan. Umthi wepine uthathwa njengophawu lokuphila ixesha elide kunye namandla kwinkcubeko yaseJapan, kwaye ukuba neli gama lokugqibela kukholelwa ukuba kuzisa impilo entle kunye nokomelela kwabathwali bawo.
Ngokufanayo, igama lokugqibela elithi 'Fukui' lithathwa njengethamsanqa kuba lithetha 'ulonwabo' okanye 'ithamsanqa' ngesiJapan. Eli gama kukholelwa ukuba litsala amandla alungileyo kunye nolonwabo kubathwali balo, okukhokelela kubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ingcamango yamagama efani enethamsanqa imiliselwe ngokunzulu kwinkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nentsomi. La magama ahlala egqithiselwa kwizizukulwana kwaye anentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kubantu kunye neentsapho eziwathwele.
Ngokubanzi, ukuba nethamsanqa laseJapan igama lokugqibela kukholelwa ukuba kuzisa amandla amahle, ithamsanqa, kunye nemvakalelo yesazisi senkcubeko kubantu kunye neentsapho zabo. Kungumthombo wokuzingca kunye nokunxibelelana kwizityebi kunye nezithethe zamandulo zaseJapan.
Lithini ifani yaseJapan eqhelekileyo?
Amagama okugqibela aseJapan, awaziwa ngokuba ziifani okanye amagama osapho, ayinxalenye yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nesazisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zidluliselwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye kwaye zithwala ukubaluleka okunzulu.
Elinye lawona magama efani aseJapan axhaphakileyo ngu'Sato.' Eli gama lithatyathwe kwigama lesiJapan elithi 'iswekile' kwaye kukholelwa ukuba lisuka kwisenzo sokusetyenziswa kweswekile njengendlela yemali ngamaxesha amandulo. Igama elithi 'Sato' kwabelwana ngalo ngabantu abaninzi baseJapan kwaye lithathwa njengefani elihloniphekileyo nelihlonitshwayo.
unxibe ntoni ngeKrisimesi
Elinye ifani yaseJapan eqhelekileyo ngu'Suzuki.' Eli gama lithatyathwe kwigama lesiJapan elithi 'bell tree' kwaye linxulunyaniswa nesandi seentsimbi, ezazisetyenziswa ngokwesithethe kwimibhiyozo yenkolo neminyhadala. Igama elithi 'Suzuki' lisasazeke ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseJapan kwaye lihlala linxulunyaniswa nobuchule kunye netalente yobugcisa.
Omnye umzekelo wefani eqhelekileyo yaseJapan ngu 'Takahashi.' Eli gama lithatyathwe kumagama esiJapan athi 'mde' kunye 'nebhulorho' kwaye linxulunyaniswa nomfanekiso webhulorho ende ejikeleza umlambo. Igama elithi 'Takahashi' kwabelwana ngalo ziintsapho ezininzi eJapan kwaye lihlala linxulunyaniswa namandla kunye nokomelela.
Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yamagama okugqibela aseJapan aqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho eminye emininzi enentsingiselo kunye neembali ezizodwa. Amagama okugqibela aseJapan adlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwaseJapan, abonisa umnombo wosapho kunye nezithethe.
| Amagama Okugqibela aseJapan aqhelekileyo |
|---|
| Sato |
| Suzuki |
| Takahashi |
Ithini ifani yasebukhosini yaseJapan?
EJapan, intsapho yasebukhosini inegama lokugqibela elikhethekileyo elibenza bahluke kubo bonke abanye abantu. Igama lokugqibela lobukhosi baseJapan ngu'Yamato' (大和), elinxulunyaniswa nentsapho yasebukhosini kwaye lifanekisela ubukhosi bakudala beYamato obulawula iJapan kangangeenkulungwane.
Ubukhosi beYamato bunendawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali yaseJapan kunye nenkcubeko njengoko kukholelwa ukuba lolona bukhosi budala belifa emhlabeni, kunye nemvelaphi yabo ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesi-7. Intsapho yasebukhosini ihlonelwa kakhulu kwaye ihlonitshwa eJapan, kwaye ifani yabo inemvakalelo yozuko negunya.
Ngokungafaniyo namagama okugqibela aseJapan aqhelekileyo, adla ngokuzuzwa kookhokho okanye ngokusekwe kwindawo okanye kwindawo ahlala kuyo, igama lokugqibela le-Yamato lilodwa kusapho lwasebukhosini. Ibonisa umnombo wabo ohloniphekileyo kwaye iyabahlula kubantu abaqhelekileyo.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegama lokugqibela le-Yamato kunqunyelwe ngokungqongqo kwintsapho yasebukhosini. Abantu abaqhelekileyo eJapan abanalo ilungelo lokusebenzisa eli gama lokugqibela lihloniphekileyo, njengoko ligcinelwe amalungu egazi lasebukhosini.
Ukuququmbela , ifani yasebukhosini yaseJapan ngu'Yamato,' ekhetheke kusapho lwasebukhosini kwaye imele umnombo obekekileyo kunye nembali ebalulekileyo. Luphawu lobukhosi baseYamato obulawula iJapan kangangeenkulungwane kwaye bubambe indawo ekhethekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseJapan kunye noluntu.
Iintsingiselo Ezisemva Kwamagama Eentsapho ZaseJapan
Amagama osapho lwaseJapan, okwakwaziwa ngokuba ziifani, anentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kwaye abonakalisa ubutyebi belifa lenkcubeko yaseJapan. La magama ahlala enziwe ngonobumba omnye okanye ababini be-kanji, abadlulisela intsingiselo ethile kwaye babonisa imbali yosapho, umsebenzi, okanye indawo yejografi.
Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwegama losapho lwaseJapan yifani 'ishi' (石), elithetha 'ilitye' ngesiNgesi. Eli gama lihlala lihlotshaniswa neentsapho ezihlala kufuphi ne-quarry yamatye okanye zisebenza ngezinto zamatye. Omnye umzekelo yifani 'yama' (山), ethetha 'intaba'. Iintsapho ezineli gama zisenokuba zazihlala kufuphi okanye zazinonxibelelwano nommandla weentaba.
Amanye amagama eentsapho zaseJapan athatyathwe kwimisebenzi okanye kubuchwephesha. Umzekelo, ifani ethi 'tanaka' (田中) yenziwe ngoonobumba be-kanji 'yentsimi yerayisi' (田) kunye 'nangaphakathi' (中), kwaye inxulunyaniswa neentsapho ezazisebenza okanye eziphethe amasimi erayisi. Ngokufanayo, ifani ethi 'sato' (佐藤) ithathwe kumagama kanji 'uncedo' (佐) kunye ne'wisteria' (藤), kwaye ngokwembali yayinxulunyaniswe neentsapho ezazisebenza kwiklasi yeSamurai.
Iimpawu zejografi zikwakhuthaza amagama eentsapho zaseJapan. Ifani ethi 'mori' (森), ethetha 'ihlathi', ingabonisa ukuba izinyanya zosapho zazihlala kufutshane okanye zazinonxibelelwano kwindawo enehlathi. Ngokunjalo, ifani ethi 'kawasaki' (川崎), iqulunqwe ngoonobumba be-kanji ka 'river' (川) kunye ne 'cape' (崎), icebisa unxulumano losapho ngasemlanjeni okanye kwindawo eselunxwemeni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amanye amagama eentsapho zaseJapan aneenguqulelo ezininzi okanye iinguqulelo ezininzi, esongeza kubunzima kunye nokwahluka kwala magama. Ukongezelela, amagama eentsapho zaseJapan anokutshintsha ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinjengomtshato okanye ukukhulisa umntwana.
Ukuqonda iintsingiselo zamagama osapho lwaseJapan kunika ukuqonda kwimbali yelizwe, izithethe kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni. La magama asebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwelifa kunye nokubaluleka kweengcambu zentsapho kwinkcubeko yaseJapan.
| Igama losapho | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Sebenza | Ilitye |
| Yama | Intaba |
| Tanaka | Intsimi yerayisi Ngaphakathi |
| Sato | Nceda Wisteria |
| Mori | Ihlathi |
| Kawasaki | Umlambo eKapa |
Iyintoni intsingiselo yegama losapho ngesiJapan?
Kwinkcubeko yaseJapan, amagama osapho, awaziwa ngokuba ziifani okanye amagama okugqibela, anentsingiselo enkulu. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesazisi somntu kwaye zibonelela ngokuqonda kwilifa lemveli kunye nomnombo.
Amagama osapho lwaseJapan ahlala ebhalwa phambi kwegama elinikiweyo, ngokungafaniyo neenkcubeko zaseNtshona apho igama elinikiweyo liza kuqala. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka okubekwe kusapho kunye neqela lesazisi olumeleyo.
Amagama osapho eJapan anokuba nemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neendawo, imisebenzi, kunye neempawu zomntu. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zamagama osapho ziquka:
- Amagama eendawo: La magama abonisa izinyanya zomntu okanye uqhagamshelwano losapho kwindawo ethile eJapan, efana ne'Sato' (佐藤) ethetha 'iwisteria yelali.'
- Amagama omsebenzi: La magama abonisa imisebenzi yembali okanye iwonga lentlalo losapho, elifana ne 'Yamamoto' (山本) elithetha 'isiseko sentaba' kwaye anokubonisa unxulumano losapho nokufama.
- Amagama eempawu: La magama achaza iimpawu zomntu okanye iimpawu zomzimba zomntu okanye ookhokho babo, njenge 'Takahashi' (高橋) elithetha 'ibhuloho ephezulu.'
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amagama osapho eJapan awasoloko eyedwa kusapho oluthile okanye kumntu othile. Amagama eentsapho ezininzi axhaphakileyo asetyenziswa ziintsapho ezininzi ezingazalaniyo, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukusebenzisa ulwazi olongezelelekileyo, njengamagama anikiweyo okanye izihlonipho, ukwahlula abantu ngabanye.
Ukubaluleka kwamagama eentsapho kwinkcubeko yaseJapan kudlulela ngaphaya kokuchongwa komntu. Bakwamilisele ngokunzulu kwizithethe kwaye babonakalisa imbali nenkcubeko yelizwe. Ukuqonda intsingiselo kunye nemvelaphi yamagama osapho lwaseJapan kunokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kubutyebi obutyebileyo boluntu lwaseJapan kunye nentlalo entsonkothileyo.
Avela phi amagama eentsapho zamaJapan?
Amagama eentsapho zaseJapan, ezaziwa ngokuba ziifani okanye amagama okugqibela, anembali etyebileyo kwaye inokulandelwa kumaxesha amandulo. Imvelaphi yamagama eentsapho zaseJapan ingahlelwa ngokweendidi ezine eziphambili: amagama asebukhosini, amagama eentsapho, amagama omsebenzi, kunye namagama eendawo.
Amagama oo-Aristocratic: Ebudeni bexesha likaHeian (794-1185), inkundla yasebukhosini yaseJapan yamkela umkhwa wokusetyenziswa kwamagama eentsapho ukuze kwahlulwe iintsapho ezihloniphekileyo. La magama aphakamileyo ayedluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana yaye ngokufuthi ayethatyathwe kwizibizo ezibalaseleyo okanye izikhundla ezifunyanwa ngamalungu entsapho.
Amagama ezizwe: Amagama amaninzi eentsapho zaseJapan athatyathwe kumagama eziduko okanye amaqela azalanayo. Ezi zizwe zazihlala zinxulunyaniswa nemimandla ethile okanye imisebenzi ethile, kwaye amagama azo aba ziifani zelifa. Eminye imizekelo yamagama eziduko ibandakanya Minamoto, Taira, kunye Fujiwara.
Amagama omsebenzi: Omnye umthombo oqhelekileyo wamagama eentsapho zaseJapan yimisebenzi. Amaqela athile emisebenzi, anjengamafama, abachweli nabakhandi besinyithi, amkela amagama eentsapho ngokwemisebenzi yawo. La magama emisebenzi ayedla ngokugqithiselwa kusapho aze abe ziifani ezisisigxina.
indlela yokufumana amabala atyheli kwihempe emhlophe
Amagama ejografi: Amagama eentsapho zaseJapan nawo anokuthatyathwe kwiimpawu zejografi. Iintsapho ezihlala kufuphi nemilambo, iintaba, okanye ezinye iindawo eziphawulekayo zazidla ngokuwamkela amagama ala mabhakana njengamagama eentsapho zazo. Esi senzo sanceda ukwahlula amasebe ahlukeneyo esiduko esinye okanye iqela lobuzalwana.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamagama eentsapho eJapan akuzange kuxhaphake de kwalixesha leMeiji (1868-1912), xa urhulumente waseJapan wasebenzisa inkqubo yokubhalisa iintsapho. Ngaphambi koku, abantu abaqhelekileyo babengenawo amagama eentsapho kwaye bachongiwe ngamagama abo okanye ngegama lendawo abahlala kuyo okanye ilali.
Namhlanje, amagama eentsapho zaseJapan aqhubeka eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nesazisi. Zibonisa imbali etyebileyo yelizwe kunye nelifa lemveli, kunye nemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yabemi balo.
Imibuzo neempendulo:
Yintoni intsingiselo yamagama aseJapan?
Amagama okugqibela aseJapan abaluleke kakhulu njengoko ehlala ebonisa ilifa lomntu, umsebenzi, okanye indawo. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nesazisi.
Ngaba amagama aseJapan ahluke njani kumagama aseNtshona?
Ngokungafaniyo namagama aseNtshona, adla ngokuzuzwa njengelifa, amagama aseJapani ifani anokuzuzwa nokuba kunina okanye kubawo. Ukongezelela, amagama aseJapan ahlala ebhalwa phambi kwegama lokuqala.
Ngawaphi amagama aseJapan aqhelekileyo kunye neentsingiselo zawo?
Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo aseJapan aquka uSuzuki, uTanaka, noSato. I-Suzuki ithetha 'umthi wentsimbi,' uTanaka uthetha 'umbindi wentsimi yerayisi,' kwaye uSato uthetha 'iswekile.'
Abantu baseJapan bawakhetha njani amagama abo efani?
Abantu baseJapan abazikhethi iifani zabo; badla ngokufunyanwa njengelifa kubazali babo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, abantu banokutshintsha ifani zabo ngomtshato okanye ezinye iinkqubo zomthetho.
Ngaba amagama aseJapan ahlukile?
Nangona kukho amagama amaninzi aseJapan aqhelekileyo, akhona awodwa kwaye anqabile. Abanye abantu banokuba nefani ezikhethekileyo kusapho okanye ummandla wabo, nto leyo ebenza bahluke ngakumbi.
Yintoni intsingiselo yamagama aseJapan?
Amagama okugqibela aseJapan abaluleke kakhulu njengoko ehlala ebonisa inzala yomntu, umsebenzi, okanye indawo ahlala kuyo. Zinokuphinda zibonise umgangatho wentlalo okanye zibe ngowesizwe okanye usapho oluthile. Amagama okugqibela ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nesazisi.
Ngaba amagama aseJapan ahlukile?
Ewe, ifani zesiJapan zidla ngokwahlukileyo kwintsapho nganye. Ngelixa kunokubakho amagama aqhelekileyo, afana no-'Suzuki' okanye 'u-Tanaka,' intsapho nganye ineempawu zayo ze-kanji ezenza igama labo lokugqibela lahluke kwabanye.
Abhalwa njani ifani zesiJapan?
Amagama efani zesiJapan abhalwa ngoonobumba be-kanji, abangabalinganiswa baseTshayina abaqhelaniswe nenkqubo yokubhala yesiJapan. Abalinganiswa be-kanji abasetyenziswe kwigama lokugqibela banokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubizwa. Ulandelelwano lwabalinganiswa lukwachaza indlela yokubizwa nentsingiselo yefani.
Yeyiphi eminye imizekelo yamagama amahle efani zaseJapan?
Kukho amagama amaninzi amahle aseJapan, ngalinye linentsingiselo yalo ekhethekileyo kunye nokubaluleka. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya u-'Hirano' (平野), othetha 'ibala lendawo,' 'Yamamoto' (山本), elithetha 'isiseko sentaba,' kunye ne-'Miyazaki' (宮崎), elithetha 'i-shrine cape.' La magama abonisa ubuhle kunye nonxibelelwano kwindalo ehlala ifumaneka kwinkcubeko yaseJapan.
