Kuzo zonke izinto zokudlala zasefama, ukusuka koovimba ukuya ezinkomeni, izixhobo zokubamba umoya ukuya koomatshini, ziitrektara ezindala zokudlala eziphakathi kwezona ziqokelelweyo zaziwayo. Nokuba ukhulele efama okanye unqwenela ukuba wenze njalo, iitrektara zokudlala zibonisa ubuchule kunye nobugcisa bobomi basezilalini baseMelika.
Iitrektara zisuka kwiFama ziye eToyland
Kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ukulima bekusekwe kumandla omzimba: amakhuba ayetsalwa ngamahashe, iimeyile, neenkomo, kwaye zikhokelwa ngabantu abahamba okanye abakhwela emva kwezilwanyana. Iinjini ezisebenzisa umbane kunye negesi zavela kwii-1869s nakwi-1870s, kwaye nge-1880s, iitrektara. Igama elithi 'itrektara' ngokwalo liyimfihlakalo. Yayisetyenziswa kudala ngo-1890 ngu-George Edwards, owayenelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza isithuthi sasefama esiqhutywa ngumphunga , ethe yafunyanwa ngamandla emoto (yiyo loo nto, ' iphecana-okanye ').
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Indawo yakudala iHay Rake
- Imifanekiso yee-Antique Mason Jars: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo xa uthi krwaqu
- Ii-antique zooDoli: Ubuhle boYilo oluncinci
UHenry Ford wayekholelwa ukuba izixhobo zokuphucula ezolimo ziya kuqhubela phambili impucuko ngo-1917, uFord nonyana wakhe babevule umzi-mveliso weFordson ukuvelisa Imodeli yeFordson F itrekta enikwe amandla yigesi. Ukuthandwa komatshini kwakukukhulu kwaye kungekudala, iitrektara zaziqhelekile koomatshini basezifama.
Akuzange kube kudala emva kokuveliswa kwetrektara yobungakanani obupheleleyo ukuba iinkampani zaqala ukunikela ingqalelo kumathuba anikezelwa ziithoyi ezinxulumene nefama. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ngo-1900 abasebenzi baseMelika babebunjwe phantse ngama-40% abasebenzi bezolimo kunye namafama, kwaye izigidi zabantwana zachukunyiswa ngoomatshini abakhulu basefama abanengxolo.
Abavelisi kunye neeNkampani
Inkampani yeArcade yeMveliso yenye yeenkampani zokuqala ukuvelisa iitrektara zokudlala. Ngokusekwe eFreeport, IL kwaye yasekwa ngo-1885, inkampani yaqala ukuvelisa iimpahla zasekhaya, ezinje ngezigaya ikofu, kodwa ngo-1921 bazisa imoto yokudlala kwaye kungekudala, mhlawumbi okokuqala kwenziwa ngentengiso itrektara yokudlala, iFordson . Enye yeemfihlakalo ezimnandi zale nto yokudlala kukuba ingaba indoda iboniswe iqhuba itrektara nguHenry Ford! IArcade ibonakalise ukuba amaMelika aya kuhlawula ngakumbi itoyitisi yasezifama, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zilandelwe kungekudala. (Imbali eneenkcukacha zeArcade Toys, kubandakanya iitrektara, yabhalwa ngu Al Aune .)
Abanye abenzi beetrektara eziphambili babandakanya:
- Inkampani yaseWilkins Toy, ebekwe eKeene, NH. NgokukaBill Vossler kwincwadi yakhe, Iitrektara zeFama yaseToyi , ezinye zezinto zokudlala zasefama zokuqala kusapho lweetrektara zaveliswa apho malunga nonyaka we-1886. Bezizithuthi ezirhuqwa ngamahashe (hayi iitrektara ezizenzela ngokwazo), kodwa izinto zokudlala zentsimbi ezilahliweyo zazingookhokho bazo zonke iitrektara zokudlala kwaye zanikelwa yiMontgomery Ward naseSears. , Iikhathalogu zeRoebuck kunye neNkampani.
Itrekta yensimbi kaHubley kunye nebhokisi
- Inkampani kaHubley yasekwa ngo-1894 eLancaster, PA. Inkampani yenze iithoyi zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo ezazipeyintwe kwaye zinenkcukacha kwinkampani ekusekweni kwayo. Ngama-1940, uHubley wayengoyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi wezinto zokudlala zentsimbi.
- Inkampani yeDent Hardware yasekwa ngo-1898, kwaye yavelisa i-cast iron kunye ne-die-cast-aluminium zokudlala, kubandakanya neetrektara zasefama. Inkampani isekwishishini kodwa yenza iihenjisi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.
- I-Ertl yasekwa e-Iowa ngu-Frederick Ertl ngo-1945 xa wayeqala ukubumba iitrektara kwivenkile yakhe yasekhaya ngelixa wayelinde ugwayimbo emsebenzini wakhe wefektri. Ngo-1952, inkampani yakwa-Ertl yayivelisa iitrektara zikaJohn Deere zokudlala, kwaye ukutyhubela iminyaka yenze izinto zokudlala zokufa zemoto, ifilimu nezinye iinkampani.
Iitrektara zeToyi kumgca weNdibano
Ngelixa iinkampani ezininzi zisenza iitrektara zokudlala, iindlela zemveliso zihlala ziwela kwiindawo ezimbalwa:
- Phosa izinto zokudlala zentsimbi zenziwe ngobumbeko obunjwe kakuhle, ke iitrektara zentsimbi zineenkcukacha ezininzi, ezinye zigqibezela ngesandla. Ukuveliswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kunokuswela iinkcukacha ezintle kwaye kunqabile ukuba kupeyintwe ngononophelo.
- Ukuphosa ukufa kwafezekiswa ngokunyanzela i-alloy yentsimbi ekubumbeni kwinto yokudlala. Izinto ezilahliweyo ngokufuthi zikhaphukhaphu ngaphezu kwentsimbi, kwaye wakube ubona iqhekeza lesinyithi elisecaleni kwetrektara, Umahluko uyabonakala . Ezinye iinkampani ziphinde zaphinda zaphinda zasebenzisa iithoyi ezindala njengeemveliso eziswelekileyo kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuzibona ukuba zenziwe ziinkampani ezinje ngeHubley okanye iArcade. Iitrektara zokudlala ezenziwe eTaiwan zihlala zihlanganisene kakuhle kwaye azinazo iinkcukacha.
- Iithoyi zokuyila zazineempawu ezishicilelwe kwiphepha lesinyithi kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-lithography, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iinkcukacha zazongezwa abagqibileyo abanezakhono . Izinto zokudlala zaye zadityaniswa zaba yimilo zaza zagqitywa. Iitrektara zexabiso lokudlala ezingabizi kakhulu zineethebhu ezibambe amacandelo kunye.
Ezinye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zibandakanya ilothe, iplastiki, irabha kunye nealuminium.
Iinkampani zeTrektara
Phantse yonke inkampani yetrektara imelwe yi-antique (eyi-100 nangaphezulu ubudala) okanyeiidiliya(Iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kweli-100 ubudala) yokudlala, kubandakanya:
- UJohn Deere, kunye ne iconic yabo logo yexhama exhumaxhuma , kunye nemibala eluhlaza kunye negolide enokumela igolide yengqolowa kunye nohlaza lokuvuna
- UFord New-Holland, owaziwa ngu Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye negolide s ngombona we-logo
- I-AGCO (Inkampani yeAllis Gleaner) eyaziwa ngokuba yi ukuvunwa kweboxy isetyenziswe kwi-midwest yase-US
- Umvuni wamazwe aphesheya Farmall, i itrektara ebomvu yeklasikhi
- IMinneapolis-Moline, i itrektara enkulu etyheli
Iinkampani ezininzi ezincinci ngoku zilibalekile, kodwa iwebhusayithi UvimbaData iqulethe uluhlu lweenkampani zeetrektara ezingaphezu kwama-230 kwaye iluncedo olukhulu ekuchongeni iimodeli zeetrektara zokudlala.
Itrektara yanamhlanje yokudlala
Ngama-1970, intsimi yetrektara yayiqhume yaya kwindawo eyaziwayo yokuqokelela kwaye ihlala injalo ngeziganeko, iimagazini, kunye neefriji ezinikezelwe kwiithoyi. Ubungakanani bemodeli esemgangathweni yi-1/16 kunye ne-1/64 (nangona iitrektara zifumaneka kwi-1/8, / 125, 1/32, 1/50, kunye nobunye ubungakanani), oko kuthetha ukuba i-intshi enye kwitrektara yokudlala ilingana 16 ', 32', 64 ', njl.
Iitrektara zokudlala zeediliya nezala maxesha zihlelwa ngokweendidi ezine eziphambili:
- Iitrektara zohlobo lokudlala ezinomda zenziwe ngamanani amancinci, zihlala njengemveliso yanye okanye ngenani elithile lamaqhekeza. Nangona kunjalo, 'ukulinganiselwa' kunokuthetha iziqwenga ezingama-25 okanye iziqwenga ezingama-250. Kuxhomekeka kumenzi.
- Imodeli yetrektara yokudlala igcinwe kwimveliso kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iithoyi ngokubanzi zixabiseke kancinci kunetrekta yohlelo olunomda.
- Itrektara zokudlala ngokuthe ngqo Zineenkcukacha kakhulu, kubandakanya iinxalenye ezinje ngeinjini ezineenkcukacha, iikhabhathi eziphakanyisiweyo kunye nokusebenza kweefestile. Ezi teletele zincinci zihlala zinqwenelwa ngabaqokeleli abanzulu, kwaye iinguqulelo ezintsha zivumela umniniyo ukuba abonise into yokudlala ngaphandle kokuyisusa kwisingxobo sayo santlandlolo.
- Iitrektara zePedal ziitrektara ezinkulu zokudlala ezenzelwe abantwana ukuba bakhwele kuzo.
Ukumisela ubuNani kunye neXabiso
Kuba kukho amawaka eetrektara zokudlala ezithengiswayo kunye neeseti ezininzi zokuqokelela, ukumisela ubunqabileyo kunye nexabiso kunokudideka. Amaxabiso entengiso akutshanje anokujongwa kwiindawo ezinje Ixabiso lePoint (indawo enexabiso lobhaliso) okanye i-eBay, okanye ungaqala ngezikhokelo zamaxabiso asisiseko emva koko udlulele kwizikhokelo ezikhethekileyo. Iingcali zihlala zinxibelelana nomntu kwiivenkile zakudala okanye kwi-Intanethi ngewebhusayithi ezinje ngeLoveToKnow's What It Worth? ekuhlaleni.
Izikhokelo zeNcwadi
Iikopi zezikhokelo ezithile kumenzi wezinto zokudlala, njenge Iitrektara zokudlala ze-Ertl NguPatrick Ertl noCatherine Lee Phillips, iincwadi ngokubanzi ekuqokeleleni iithoyi zasefama, ezifana Ikhathalogu esemgangathweni yeeToyi zaseFama nguKaren O'Brien, kunye nezikhokelo kwiinkampani ezithile zeetrektara, ezifana UJohn Deere Ukuqokelela NguBrenda Kruse. Fumana iincwadi kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo zeencwadi kunye nabathengisi, njengoko uninzi lunokungaprintwa ngoku.
Imizekelo yeToyi zoThotho ezinqabileyo
Iitrektara zokudlala izinto zakudala (iminyaka eli-100 nangaphezulu) ayisoloko izisa amaxabiso aphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukukhutshwa kweediliya okanye ukukhutshwa kwamva nje kunokuba yindleko nje ngesiqwenga esidala kakhulu: Umqokeleli weFama , ezi traktiki zakudala nezokuvuna zifunwa kakhulu, njengoko kubonisiwe ngamaxabiso afunyenweyo (ngokwe-WorthPoint ngecandelo labo lokubhalisela):
- UJohn Deere 430 ngu-Ertl, wayeyinto yokudlala yokuqala eyenziwe yile nkampani yeklasikhi, kwaye amaxabiso enye entsha kwibhokisi yoqobo anokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe- $ 2,000. UJohn Deere 630 ngeharrow wathengisa nge-625 yeedola.
- I-Allis-Chalmers nge-Arcade, ngo-1938 ngebhokisi yoqobo ayinqabile kwaye izise i-1,800 yeedola kwifandesi.
- Ukulima kweArcade yeFarmall itrektara kwibhokisi yoqobo eyayithengiswe nge $ 1,800.
- Phakathi kweetrektara zokuqala ezaziveliswa njengamathoyizi, i-circa ka-1900 enqabileyo yobhedu kunye ne-iron steam traction engine itrektara yathengiswa nge- $ 2,800.
- Phakathi kwezinto ezinqabileyo kakhulu, kwangoko i-1/6 itrekta yesikali (malunga ne-1890) yenjini ye-steam traction eyathengiswa ngo-2009 nge-15,850 yeedola. Ngelixa ingeyiyo into yokudlala, esi siqwenga sibonisa amaxabiso aphezulu aqokelelwa ngabaqokeleli ngezinto ezinxulumene netrektara.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyijongile xa uthenga
Nangona abantu bayo yonke iminyaka beqokelela iitrektara zokudlala, iitrektara ezininzi zithengwa ukuze ziboniswe, hayi njengezinto zokudlala. Amaxabiso aqala kwi-50 yeedola ukuya kumawaka, kodwa imizekelo elungileyo eqokelelweyo inakho iindleko kakuhle phantsi kwe- $ 200 xa kuthengiswa. Eyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba uyayithenga le nto uyifunayo kukuthenga kumthengisi oza kubuyisa ukuthengisa. Iitrektara zethoyi zilishishini elikhulu kwaye abathengisi abaninzi banyanisekile, bayayazi isitokhwe sabo, baya kukuqinisekisa ukuthenga kwakho, kwaye baphendule imibuzo yakho. Okwangoku, ezinye iziseko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zibandakanya:
- Ukunqaba kunokuchaphazela ixabiso letrektara yokudlala, kunye nemizekelo ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1940 izisa amawaka eedola, ngolu hlobo UJohn Deere A. imodeli ye-diecast, eyenziwe kwiminyaka elishumi.
- Imeko esekwe kwifom yantlandlolo yemeko yetrektara, ke kuyakufuneka uyazi ukuba ibijongeka kanjani ngaphambi kokuba ugwebe ukuzala kwakhona. Ungabona uninzi lwezinto zokudlala ezintsha nezindala kwiindawo ezinje ngeMyuziyam yaseFama yeSizwe, kwaye iphepha labo lembombo libonisa inani lokuvelisa kwakhona, kunye nokuqokelelwa kweediliya. Kwiziqwenga ezindala, ukukhangela kwiwebhu kunokukhulisa iziqendu kwiimyuziyam okanye kwiiqoqo ezizimeleyo. Thatha lonke ithuba lokundwendwela imiboniso, ubuze imibuzo, kwaye uvavanye iithoyi zobuqu buqu.
- Xa uvavanya itrekta yakudala okanye yeediliya, cinga ngoku kulandelayo: Ngaba ipeyinti intsha, ikrwitshiwe, icociwe, indala kwiindawo, okanye ilahlekile kwaphela? Ngaba zonke iziqwenga zihleli, kubandakanya amavili kunye nevili lokuqhuba? Ngaba iziqwenga ziphinde zapeyintwa (jonga umbala, ugqibe ipeyinti, amanqaku ebrashi)? Ukuba isinyithi, ngaba kukho nawuphi na umhlwa, okanye amacandelo agugileyo, kwaye ngaba iinkcukacha zicacile? Ngaba ikhona ipeyinti ngaphakathi kwesiqwenga esibunjiweyo? Ukuveliswa kwakhona kwesiqwenga esidala ngokubanzi kunepeyinti efafazwe ngaphandle, ngelixa ezokuqala zinepeyinti ngaphakathi, ngokutsho komqokeleli nombhali uBill Vossler Umqokeleli weFama .
- Ezinye iitrektara zokudlala zentsimbi ezindala, ezifana neFordson, ziphinde zaveliswa kwaye ezo zivelisiweyo zinokuphazanyiswa zezokuqala ngabathengisi nabathengi, utshilo uVossler. Kukho amanqaku ambalwa onokuthi uwabukele ukunqanda impazamo ebiza kakhulu. Iziqwenga ezitsha zihlala zinopende obhityileyo, kunye neenkcukacha ezimbalwa ezipeyintiweyo. Ukuveliswa ngokubanzi kuncinci kunokoqobo ngenxa yokubumba okutsha kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. 'Amaphiko' - iikona zesinyithi ezingafakwanga - kunye namalungu angafakwanga angabonisa ukuveliswa kwakhona kunokuba yitrektara yentsimbi, yakudala okanye yeediliya.
- Ukuveliswa ngokutsha kwe-diecast, kubandakanya neka-Ertl kunye nabanye abavelisi, baziwa ngomgangatho kunye neenkcukacha zabo, ezicace gca xa zibekwe ecaleni kophindaphindo olungabizi kakhulu.
Izixhobo zokuthenga kunye neKhithi
Ukuba ufuna ukulungiswa kwiitektala zokudlala izinto zakudala okanye zokuvuna (okanye uzenzele ezakho), unokufumana izinto kunye nezixhobo kwezi nkampani zilandelayo:
- Izixhobo zeBosson ibonelela ngeemodeli, iithoyi kunye neekiti zeetrektara kunye nabaqokeleli basefama abaqokeleli.
- MiniSteam unikezela ngeekiti, iimodeli kunye nezinto ezinokubuyiselwa kweinjini zokutsala umphunga (iitrektara zakwangoko).
Ukongeza, Umboniso weTrektara yeToyi ibonelela ngonxibelelwano kubathengisi abaninzi, kunye nemithombo yokulungiswa kwezinto zokudlala kunye nokuthenga; bakwadwelisa nemiboniso yeetrektara ngaphesheya kwe-US apho unokufumana khona iitrektara zokuvuna nezinqabileyo zokuthengisa. Banokuba nazo iikiti ezifumanekayo kwimiboniso yabo eyahlukeneyo- jonga enye ezayo ecwangciselwe indawo yakho kungekudala.
Ukuqokelela iitrekta zodidi lweantique kunye nevintage
Ukuba uyakuthanda ukulima, imbali, kunye netekhnoloji emva koko ukuqokelela iitrektara zokudlala kunokuba yeyona nto uyithandayo. Akuthathi xesha lide ukuthandana nale misebenzi mincinci yobugcisa kunye nokuxabisa ukuba netrektara yasefama kwishelufu yakho.
