Iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal yenye yeetekhnoloji eziluhlaza ezikwaziyo ukusombulula ingxaki yokufudumala kwehlabathi ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Kodwa njengoninzi lwezinye izinto ezinokuhlaziywa, lo mthombo wamandla uza neempawu zawo. Abantu abanqwenela ukusebenzisa le teknoloji kufuneka babe nokuyiqonda kakuhle ukuphepha iindleko ezingeyomfuneko kwaye bancede ukuthintela naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi kokusingqongileyo.
Iimpompo zoBushushu boMbane
Iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal (GHPs), ekwabizwa ngokuba kukutshintshiselana nge-geo, zisebenza ngokutshintsha ubushushu nomhlaba kubunzulu obungaphantsi kweenyawo ezimbalwa, apho amaqondo obushushu aphantse abe ngunyaka wonke.
indlela yokufumana i-zipper kwakhonaAmanqaku afanelekileyo
- Iinyani malunga naMandla eSolar
- Yiya kwimifanekiso eluhlaza
- Ishishini lam linokuLuhlaza njani ukuze ligcine iMali
Ezamandla.gov icacisa iintlobo ze-GHPs ezisetyenziswa ekhaya nakumashishini.
- Inkqubo yokuvala evaliweyo ineentlobo ezintathu ngaphakathi kwayo. Zithe tye, nkqo, kunye nomhlaba. Basebenzisa amanzi adityaniswe nesinqandi-kubanda esijikeleza kwimibhobho evaliweyo ukutshintshisa ubushushu ngomhlaba okanye ngamanzi. Isitshisi sokufudumeza ngaphezulu komhlaba sidlulisa ubushushu phakathi kweefriji zaso kunye nesisombululo sokuthintela ubushushu kwiziporo ezivaliweyo.
- Iinkqubo zokutshintshisa ubushushu ngqo zisebenzisa iifriji ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba evaliweyo ukutshintshisa ubushushu kwaye azinaye umlamli wobushushu ophakathi.
- Iinkqubo ezivulekileyo zokuvula amanzi ngokuqhubekayo zikha amanzi avela kwimithombo yangaphandle njengamanzi okanye amachibi okutshintshiselana ngobushushu kwaye awubuyise njengokukhutshelwa.
Ingxelo yeYunivesithi yaseOregon (Iphe. 6) kwiNkomfa yeHlabathi yoMoya ngo-2015, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho i-1.4 yezigidi ze-GHP eMelika, kwezi 90% ziinkqubo ezivaliweyo zelogo kwaye yi-10% kuphela yeenkqubo ezivulekileyo zeluphu.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo
Ngelixa zininzi izinto eziluncedo kwiimpompo zobushushu bomhlaba, zikwanazo neengozi. Ezinye zizinto eziqhelekileyo kwaye ezinye ziingxaki zenkqubo ethile.
Iindleko zokuqala
Wonke umntu uyavuma ukuba iindleko zokuqala zokufaka i-GHP ziphezulu, kwaye kunzima ukubala , njengoko kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bendlu / isakhiwo, impompo, umhlaba, imozulu kunye neluphu yentsimi. Ikontraktha enamava ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa ngempumelelo.
Uqikelelo lweshishini labucala Amakhaya Amandla kwindlu yeenyawo ezingama-2500 ibonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-6-ton ye-Vertical loop system ixabisa i-34,000 yeedola, i-5-ton ye-Horizontal loop yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa iindleko ezixabisa i-29.500 yeedola, kunye ne-5-ton ye-Horizontal loop edityaniswe neendleko zokufudumeza kwelanga zixabisa i-47, 500 yeedola.
Amakhaya Amandla Ukophula umba weendleko , isithi, 'Oku kujikeleze kabini iindleko zokufudumeza, ukupholisa, kunye nenkqubo yamanzi ashushu, kodwa ukufudumeza komhlaba / iinkqubo zokupholisa zinokunciphisa iindleko nge-40% ukuya kwi-60%.'
Ukungabikho kweeNgcali eziQinisekisiweyo
Itekhnoloji yeGHP inzima kwaye ifuna ulwazi lwemiba eyahlukeneyo. Inkqubo ye- Umanyano lweeNzululwazi eziXhalabileyo Uyaphawula ukuba uninzi lwezifakeli zokufudumeza nokupholisa 'aziqhelananga netekhnoloji,' ethi yona ithintele ukusasazeka kwayo kunye nolondolozo. Kunzima nokufumana iikontraka ezifanelekileyo ezikwaziyo ukufaka iinkqubo ze-GHP kwimimandla ethile yelizwe, ukongeza kwiindleko zenkqubo yokufudumeza komhlaba.
AyisiyiProjekthi ye-DIY
ISebe lezaMandla laseMelika alikukhuthazi ukuphatha i-GHP njengeprojekthi ye-DIY. Obu buchwephesha budinga ulwazi olukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuthatha isigqibo inkqubo efanelekileyo kakhulu Ekhaya okanye kwishishini kuvavanyo olunzulu lwezinto ezinje ngejoloji, i-hydrology, ubukho bomhlaba, iimfuno zokufudumeza nokupholisa kunye nezinye izixhobo zokugcina amandla endlini ziyimfuneko. Akunakwenzeka ukuba wonke umntu abale ubungakanani obugqibeleleyo bentsimi yeluphu okanye impompo efunekayo ukuze afumane okuninzi kule nkqubo.
Yintoni onokuyenza nge patties zehambhega
Ukusetyenziswa kombane
Umbane uyimfuneko ukuqhuba isiguquli sobushushu kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo, kunye nokupompa amanzi unyaka wonke kwiinkqubo ezivulekileyo zelogo, ke iGHP ayithathi ngokupheleleyo ikhabhoni.
Imiba yeNkqubo yokuPhuma evaliweyo
Iisistim zeluphu ezivaliweyo zabelana ngeziphene eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngempembelelo yomhlaba ekusebenzeni nasekufumaneni i-antifreeze. Imiba yeluphu ehambelana nokuma ngokuthe nkqo okanye nkqo ikwakhona, njengoko kukho inkxalabo ngeenkqubo zokutshintshisa ubushushu ngqo kunye neenkqubo zamachibi.
Iindidi zomhlaba
Ubushushu ukugcinwa nokudluliswa ilunge kakhulu kwimihlaba enzima njengodongwe okanye ilitye. Umhlaba oyisanti awunakugcina okanye udlulise ubushushu obuninzi ngoko ke amasimi amakhulu e-loop ayimfuneko. Ukuncipha kokufuma komhlaba okungaphantsi kwe - '12 .5% inefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kweempompo zobushushu Uphononongo luka-2014 olupapashwe kwiiNamandla (Iphe. 3), ngelixa ukwanda kokufuma komhlaba okungaphezulu kwama-25% kuphucula ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Umhlaba owomileyo awulungelanga ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zokutshintshisa ubushushu ngqo.
Isinqandi esibandayo
Iinkqubo ezivaliweyo zisebenzisa amanzi ngesinqandi-kufuma kubushushu. Iimodeli ezindala ezisetyenzisiweyo imethanol Ikhupha ngomphunga ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyityhefu ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni, kungoko ke ivaliwe kwiindawo ezininzi ze-U.S. iEthanol ayinetyhefu njenge methanol kodwa iyabiza. Ixhala I-ethylene glycol Ngaba ukuvuza kungangcolisa imithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kukhokelele kolu hlobo lwesinqandi-kubanda esaye sathintelwa ukuba sisetyenziselwe iinkqubo ze-geothermal kwiindawo ezininzi. I-Brine (i-calcium chloride) lukhetho olulungileyo, nangona kunjalo luyonakalisile, ke ludinga imibhobho yekomityi. Ipropylene glycol ayinaziphumo zibi ebantwini okanye kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Logama nje amanzi exutywe nesinqandi-manzi ejikeleza kwiziporo ezivaliweyo akukho mpembelelo kwindalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuza okuncinci kunokuba yingozi, kungoko kungcono ukubambelela kwi-brine okanye kwi-propylene glycol ye-antifreezes.
Inkqubo ethe tyaba
Inkqubo ye- Iindaba zezoBugcisa Inkqubo eVundlileyo ifuna i-1,500-3,000 yeenyawo zomhlaba weetoni ngetoni nganye yokufudumeza okanye yokupholisa.
- Indawo enkulu iyimfuneko - Lo mhlaba kamva ulungele kuphela ukwenza igadi, kodwa hayi nakuphi na ukwandiswa kwekhaya okanye kolunye ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo. Ezi nkqubo azilungelanga ukuphinda zifumane, njengoko kusenokungabikho sithuba saneleyo.
- Umahluko kubushushu -Kubunzulu obunzulu be-3 ukuya kwi-6 yeenyawo kunokubakho iyantlukwano kubushushu ngenxa yexesha lonyaka, ubunzulu bokungcwatywa, kunye nemvula echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle, nangona ukunciphisa umda kubunzulu kunciphisa iindleko zokombiwa komhlaba lelona candelo libiza kakhulu lokufaka i-loop evaliweyo inkqubo.
- Imiba yomhlaba -Imihlaba enamatye okanye engekho nzulu ayizilungelanga ezi nkqubo, kwimeko apho kufuneka iinkqubo ezime nkqo.
Inkqubo ethe nkqo
Le yeyona nkqubo isebenzayo njengoko iiluphu ezimile okwe-U zihamba iinyawo eziyi-150-450 ezinyaweni zomhlaba, iphawula i-Technical News Bulletin. Eminye imiba ibandakanya:
- Inkcitho -Iiluphu ezimilise u-U kunye nobunzulu bazo zibenza zibize kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkqubo zeGHS.
- Ukufakwa kwezakhono kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo Ngapha koko, ukubhola kwezi zinzulu kufuna izixhobo zokuqhuba ezinesakhono kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa ezingafumanekiyo kuyo yonke indawo.
Inkqubo yokuTshintsha kobushushu ngokuthe ngqo (DX)
I-DX isebenzisa imibhobho yobhedu ezaliswe ngamafriji angcwatyelwe i-4 ukuya kwi-6 yeenyawo phantsi komhlaba. Le nkqubo yeyona indala kuzo zonke iimodeli zeGHP kwaye inefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
izinto zokuthetha kwileta yothando
- Ukubola kwemibhobho yobhedu kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwimihlaba eneasidi, ngoko ke i-DX ayiyilungelanga le mihlaba, kuchaza ilungu Iforum yokuTshintsha yeGeo . Ukuthintela oku, iisampulu zomhlaba kufuneka ziqokelelwe kubunzulu eziza kufakelwa kuzo ukukhangela ubuninzi be-asidi, iichloride, i-hydrogen sulphides, i-sulphates okanye i-ammonia, okwenza inqanaba lokucwangcisa libize. I-Copper isetyenziswa endaweni ye-PVC njengoko ingumqhubi wobushushu obungcono.
- Iifriji yeyona ngxaki iphambili yokusingqongileyo nge-DX. Nokuba iintanda ezincinci zinokuzikhulula zikhokelele kufudumalo lwehlabathi. Iimodeli zangaphambili zazisebenzisa i-chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) kunye nehydrochlorofluorons (HCFCs). Inkqubo ye- Inkqubo yaseMontreal Ukuthintele ukusetyenziswa kwabo njengoko bonakalise umaleko weozone. Iifolorocarbons ezithatha indawo yazo (ii-FCs) kunye neehydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) zinokubangela ukufudumala komhlaba kwaye azivunyelwanga yiNgqungquthela ye-Kyoto Protocol yoTshintsho lweMozulu. Ngo-2016, i I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo (i-EPA) ikhuphe iingcebiso ezijolise ekupheliseni ezi khemikhali kwaye wazidwelisa njengezamkelekanga. I-EPA ayikukhuthazi i-R410A ifriji yakutshanje eyaziwayo njengoko nayo ibangela ukukhutshwa kwendlu eluhlaza.
- Iingcali zoLwakhiwo oluhlaza zithi akukho semthethweni ukuchitha iifriji ezingcolileyo nokuba kungenjongo okanye ngengozi.
Ngo-2001, izazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon (Iphe. 2) ibhengeze iinkqubo ze-DX njengomngcipheko wendalo kwaye musa ukuzicebisa. Akuvunyelwe kwezinye iindawo zase-US, ngenxa yezithintelo zommandla, ngokwe Energy Energy.
Iipompo eziValiweyo zeLoop Systems
Iinkqubo ezivaliweyo zelaptop zinokusebenzisa imizimba yamanzi ukutshintshisa ubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinemicimbi embalwa.
- Amanzi anzulu abonisa umahluko kumaqondo obushushu, kwaye kukho amathuba okuba imibhobho inokonakala kwimithombo yoluntu, ngokwe-technical News Bulletin.
- Ngamachibi kuphela anesisindo esincinci esifunekayo kunye nobungakanani bamanzi aluncedo ngokwe-Energy.gov. Kuya kufuneka ufumane indawo yokwakha eneemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa olu khetho.
Iinkxalabo zeNkqubo eLoop evulekileyo
Iinkqubo ezivulekileyo zikha amanzi equleni okanye amanzi angenzulu njengamachibi kunye namachibi. Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, azisetyenziswa rhoqo e-U.S., Kodwa abantu kusafuneka bazazi iingxaki zabo ezinokubakho.
- Ukungahambi ngokwaneleyo kwamanzi kunokubakho ukuba umthombo owembelwe iluphu awunzulu ngokwaneleyo, okanye ngenxa yokurhoxa okugqithileyo kumthombo wamanzi, ngokwe Inkqubo yeYunivesithi yaseWashington State isifundo (iphe. 5). Amacebo okucoca ulwelo lwentlenga xa kungekho manzi aneleyo. An Idaho Ubushushu Ingxelo iqaphele ukuba ukufunwa kwamaxesha athile okusetyenziswa okunjengokuchela ehlotyeni kunokuchaphazela ubungakanani bamanzi obufumanekayo kwimpompo yobushushu.
- Umgangatho wamanzi ayifani kuyo yonke indawo nonyaka. Ukungcola emachibini yingxaki. Ukunyuka ngenxa yediphozithi zekalika ezivela emanzini anzima zifuna unyango ngamachiza okususa.
- Ukukhula kwebhayoloji, ngakumbi iintsholongwane, kunzima ukuyisusa yakuba ingasetyenziswanga ngaphandle kweekhemikhali, ngokwe-Washington State University Energy Programme (iphe. 5).
- Ingxelo ye-Idaho Geothermal icebisa ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo yokukhutshwa ngaphambi kokufaka inkqubo evulekileyo evulekileyo yaphantsi komhlaba. Umhlaba oyisanti ungakufunqula ngokulula ukukhutshwa, kodwa ukuba umhlaba unzima ukombiwa okongezelelweyo ukuze kuphume ungaphindaphinda iindleko zokomba, oko kuyenza ibize njengesixhobo esivaliweyo. Xa amanzi etsalwe kumachibi, ukukhutshwa kubuyiselwa kuwo.
- Zonke izithintelo zasekuhlaleni malunga nokukhutshwa kufuneka kwakhona kuhlangatyezwane nazo ngokwe-Energy.gov.
- Iindleko zokusebenza ziphezulu, ngokokufunda kweNkqubo yezaMandla yeYunivesithi yaseWashington State (iphe. 5) njengoko iimpompo kufuneka ziqhube unyaka wonke ukufumana amanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkqubo. Ulondolozo lwabo ngumba ophambili nawo.
- Kwimeko yamaqula, ukuthintelwa kwendalo kunye namanzi athintelweyo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo, njengoko amanzi efumaneka mhlawumbi ancitshisiwe ngokwe-Technical News Bulletin.
- Imithombo emileyo yekholamu empompoza amanzi kwi-aquifer can yehlisa itafile yamanzi.
Ngaba kukho icala eliqaqambileyo?
Ngelixa kunokubonakala ngathi iimpompo zokufudumeza komhlaba zinzima kwaye zibiza kakhulu, zininzi izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo. Oorhulumente kunye nenzuzo yokusingqongileyo enje Uxolo oluluhlaza kunye noManyano lweeNzululwazi eziKhathazayo zikhuthaza amandla ashushu. Njengoko ukusebenza kweempompo zobushushu bomhlaba kunxibelelene nezinto ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, ayisiyiyo iplagi kunye netekhnoloji yokudlala. Xa ujonga inkqubo yokufudumeza komhlaba, uhlalutya iinkcukacha ezizodwa zezakhiwo kunye nendawo yokukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo, kunye nokucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokufakelwa, ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo okonwabela okona kulungileyo kule teknoloji.
