Xa ujonga amanani oqhawulo-mtshato kwaye nihlala kunye, izinto ezahlukeneyo ziya kudlala. Ehlabathini lonke unxibelelwano phakathiukuhlala kunye noqhawulo-mtshatoUnobudlelwane obukhethekileyo obuqhagamshelene nenkcubeko yelizwe, izithethe zentlalo, kunye nemithetho yoqhawulo-mtshato.
Amaxabiso oQhawulo-mtshato kumaqabane ahlalisanayo
Kwi Ukufundwa kwamazwe e-16 Abaphandi baqaphele ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kokuhlala kunye nomtshato ayisiyiyo ngqo ngqo, kodwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezichaphazela kutheni isibiniukhetha ukuqhawula umtshatongaphandle kokuba bahlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato okanye hayi. Iqela leminyaka elivavanywe kolu phononongo yayiyiminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-49 ubudala. Ezinye zezinto ezinefuthe nokuba ngaba abantu abaza kuqhawula umtshato baya kubandakanya imithetho yoqhawulo-mtshato, ukwamkelwa kwamasiko oqhawulo-mtshato, kunye nokwamkelwa ekuhlaleni ngokuhlala kunye ngaphandle komtshato. Iziphumo eziphambili zibandakanya:
- Iipesenti ezili-10 ngaphezulu kwabantwana abadala babazali abaqhawule umtshato ngokuchaseneyo bahlala betshatile babedla ngokuqala ubudlelwane babo nokuhlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato.
- ESweden, eNorway naseFransi malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abatshatileyo bahlala kunye ngaphambi kokutshata malunga nesiqingatha sokuphela koqhawulo-mtshato.
- Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-75 zabo bahlalisanayo babengatshatanga ngaphambili kuninzi lwamazwe afundwayo.
- ESweden, ukuhlala kunye kwizibini ezitshatileyo kwakudume kakhulu (malunga neepesenti ezingama-70), kodwa kwiminyaka engama-34 yokuhlalisana ngaphandle komtshato kwehle kwaba malunga neepesenti ezili-15. Inani loqhawulo-mtshato eSweden landa, kodwa oko kwakulandela ngokukhawuleza indlela ekhululekileyo kwimithetho yoqhawulo-mtshato.
- Ukwabiwa ngokulinganayo koqhawulo mtshato
- Iingcebiso zoMama abangatshatanga
- Ipropathi yoLuntu kunye nokuSinda
Izinto ezichaphazela uqhawulo mtshato kwihlabathi liphela
Kwisifundo samazwe aphesheya esikhankanywe apha ngasentla, iziphumo azibonisanga ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kokuhlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato kunye nokuqhawula umtshato kamva. Ezona zinto zibeka emngciphekweni woqhawulo-mtshato yayikukuyamkela inkcubeko yoqhawulo-mtshato, ukuba abazali babatshatile ngexesha lobuntwana babo, kwaye batshata besebancinci. Ezinye iziphumo zibandakanya:
- Ukonyuka kwenqanaba loqhawulo-mtshato kwandulela ukonyuka kwamanani okuhlala ndawonye kuwo onke amazwe ali-16.
- Amaxabiso oqhawulo mtshato ayethanda ukunyuka njengoko imithetho yoqhawulo-mtshato ishenxayo kwii-1970s kunye nee-1980 kuwo onke amazwe afundwayo.
- Ukuqhawula umtshato kwabazali kudala umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba abantwana babo ekugqibeleni baqhawule umtshato nokuba bahlala kunye.
- Ukuhlala kunye kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabo babengatshatanga ngaphambili ngokuchasene nabo babeqhawule umtshato.
- Kumazwe apho izibini zitshate zisencinci, amaqondo oqhawulo-mtshato ayephezulu kunalawo atshate ebudaleni. La mabhinqa aselula aqhawule umtshato ayedla ngokuhlala kunye namaqabane awo alandelayo endaweni yokutshata.
Uqhawulo mtshato kunye nobudala ngexesha lomtshato
Ngoku ka uphando Ukutshata usekwishumi elivisayo kukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuqhawula umtshato, kodwa ukutshata xa uneminyaka eko 30 ubunokubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuqhawula umtshato. Ezinye iziphumo zibandakanya:
- Abantu abatshatayo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini aneminyaka engama-50 kunamathuba amancinci okuqhawula umtshato xa kuthelekiswa nabo batshata beneminyaka engama-20.
- Abo batshata phakathi kwe-30s banethuba eliphezulu leepesenti ezintlanu lokuqhawula umtshato kwiminyaka yabo yokutshata.
- Unyaka ngamnye womtshato ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-32 unciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhawula umtshato nge-1 pesenti.
Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba abo baneminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-32 okwangoku banomngcipheko ophantsi woqhawulo-mtshato e-United States, kwaye nangona kungacacanga ncam ukuba kutheni, ukukhula, uzinzo kwezemali, kunye nobukrelekrele kwezobudlelwane kubonakala ngathi banefuthe elikhulu.
Ukuhlala kunye nabadala
Amaqabane aneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu ahlala kunye ngamanani amakhulu kunakuqala. Ngoku ka Forbes.com , ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1.8 samaMelika kwelo qela lihlala kunye. Amashumi alithoba eepesenti aba bantu abahlolokazi okanye abaqhawule umtshato, okanye bohlukene namaqabane abo omtshato. Izizathu zinokubandakanya ezi zinto:
- Abantu abadala baseMelika banokukhetha ukuhlala kunye endaweni yokutshata ukuphepha ukuthatha unqabiso kwiintlawulo zabo zoKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye kwi-annuity yomntu osindileyo abayifumana kumqeshi weqabane langaphambili.
- Inkxalabo malunga nelifa labo ukuba lingadluli ebantwaneni babo ukuba bangaphinda batshate banokudlala indima kwisigqibo sokuhlala kunye.
- Abanye abantu abadala, banokuthatha isigqibo sokuhlala neqabane ngenxa yeendlela ezifanayo nezabantu abancinci abazenzayo. Basenokungafuni ukutshata okanye ukuphinda batshate ukunqanda ukuqhawula umtshato, ukugcina amatyala ahlukene, okanye kuba bengakholelwa emtshatweni.
Isilayidi xa kuthelekiswa nesigqibo
Ingcinga ukutyibilika uthatha isigqibo ibhekisa kwindlela izibini ezizinikeleyo ngayo kubudlelane bazo. Amaqabane 'atyibilika' kwisinyathelo esilandelayo okanye ukuzibophelela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokwahlukana, xa kuthelekiswa nezibini eziceba ukuba kunye kunye nokuvavanya ukuhambelana kwazo ngaphambi kokuba ziye kumanqanaba aphezulu okuzibophelela. Kuphononongo lwabantu abayi-1,300 kubudlelwane obuchasene nabantu besini esahlukileyo eMelika:
- Iipesenti ezingama-70 zeesampulu zezibini zihlala kunye ngaphambi kokuba zitshate. Ukuhlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato eUnited States kumyinge ophakathi kwama-70 ukuya kuma-75 epesenti, olu phononongo lubonisa.
- Malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zamaqabane esampulu ahlala kunye namaqabane angaphambili.
- Abo bakuleipesenti ezingama-40 baqhubeka nokutshata amaqabane abalandele nabo ababehlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato baxela amanqanaba asezantsi omgangatho womtshato.
Uninzi lwabantu abatshatileyo abahlalisanayo ngaphambi komtshato luye lwaphawula ukuba 'kwenzeke nje' njengempendulo yokuba kutheni behleli kunye, nto leyo ebonisa ngaphezulu 'kwesilayidi' sokuzibophelela, endaweni yokuxoxa ngezicwangciso zexesha elizayo kwaye 'bathathe isigqibo' sokuba zezona zilungileyo omnye komnye. Ezi zibini zichaze amanqanaba asezantsi okwoneliseka emtshatweni kamva kwisifundo. Ababini abaceba kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba bahlale kunye ngaphambi komtshato ngenxa yokuba babenenqanaba elifanayo lokuzibophelela kunye neenjongo ezizayo baxela ukoneliseka okuphezulu emtshatweni.
Iziphumo zokuhlala kunye
Kwi Olunye uphononongo olwenziwe ngabaphandi abafanayo abavavanye umbono 'wokutyibilika ngokuchasene nokuthatha isigqibo', bajonge i-1,050 yamadoda nabafazi abatshatileyo abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-34 ubudala. Bafumanise ukuba:
- Iipesenti ezingama-43 zabathathi-nxaxheba abaye bahlala kunye ngaphambi kokubandakanyeka baxela ukoneliseka okuncinci emtshatweni kwaye babenethuba lokuqhawula umtshato kunakwisithuba seepesenti ezili-16 ababehlala kunye emva kokutshata.
- Iipesenti ezingama-18.7 zabo bahlala kunye ngaphambi kokuba bathembisane bacebise ngoqhawulo-mtshato ngaxa lithile emtshatweni wabo xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezili-10.2 zabo bengahlali kunye ngaphambi komtshato.
- Iipesenti ezili-12.3 zabo bahlala kunye emva komtshato baye bazisa uqhawulo-mtshato ngaxa lithile emtshatweni wabo.
Olona phando lubaluleke kakhulu kukuba ukuhlala kunye ngaphambi kothethathethwano yeyona nto iphambili kuqhawulo-mtshato, ngelixa ukuhlala kunye emva kokutshata okanye emva kokutshata akunampembelelo kubalo mtshato wabo. Oku kungabonisa ukuba abantu abatshatileyo abakhethe ukuhlala kunye ngaphambi kothethathethwano banokuthi batyibilike kweli nqanaba lokuzibophelela, endaweni yokuqinisekisa ukuba babelana ngeenjongo ezifanayo ngekamva labo njengesibini, ngaloo ndlela bebeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokungoneliseki emtshatweni kunye nokuqhawula umtshato.
Amaxabiso oQhawulo-mtshato wokuhlalisana kwabesini esifanayo nabasetyhini xa kuthelekiswa namaqabane esini esahlukileyo
UPhononongo lwaBantu oluNje ngo-2019 loNgezelelo lweNtlalo nezoQoqosho Iingxelo zokuba kukho malunga nama-543,000abantu besini esifanayo abatshatileyo amakhayakunye ne-469,000 yabantu abatshatileyo abatshatileyo abahlalisanayo. Ezinye izibalo zibandakanya:
- Uphando lubonisa Ukuhlala kunye kodwa ungatshatanga kwababini abatshatileyo banamaxabiso afanayo okwahlukana njengabantu abatshatileyo abesini esiphakathi kweminyaka engama-26 ukuya kuma-32.
- Kwisithuba seminyaka emi-4,5, uphononongo luphawula ukuba iipesenti ezingama-27 zabantu abathandana besini esinye kunye neepesenti ezingama-28 zabantu abatshatileyo ababa kunye kodwa abangatshatanga baphelisa ubudlelwane babo.
- Olunye uphononongo luphawula ukuba malunga Iipesenti ezingama-61 zesini esifanayo Nditshatile ngo-2017 kwaye malunga ipesenti enye kubo iya kuqhawula umtshato .
Kude kube nini emva kokutshata ngaba abantu abatshatileyo baqhawula umtshato?
Ngokomndilili, imitshato ihlala ihleli malunga neminyaka esibhozo . Imiba yomngcipheko woqhawulo mtshato kubandakanya ubundlobongela obusondeleyo kumaqabane, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, ukungathembeki, kunye nokungathembani. Ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana, ukunyamezela amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo, nokuba nabantwana abancinci nako kunokonyusa ukungavisisani emtshatweni, kwaye kukhokelele kuqhawulo mtshato.
Umtshato Emva kokuhlala kunye
Kwizibini ezithatha isigqibo sokuhlala kunye, ngaphezulu nje kwesiqingatha sazo sitshatile kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu. Ngelo xesha linye, iipesenti ezingama-40 zezibini zahlukana. Phantse iipesenti ezili-10 zabo ziyaqhubeka nokuhlala kunye ngaphandle kokutshata.
Ukuqonda ukuhlalisana kunye nempumelelo yomtshato
Abantu abathatha isigqibo sokuhlala kunye banokwenza njalo ngolindelo lokuba iyakubanceda baqonde ukuba baya kuba nomtshato ophumelelayo kunye neqabane labo. Abantu abathatha isigqibo sokuhlala neqabane labo banokuba semngciphekweni wokuqhawula umtshato ukuba abonelisekanga bubudlelwane emva kokuthatha izifungo, kuba banokuba nembono ephantsi kakhulu ngomtshato. Uphando lubonisa iziphumo eziphikisanayo malunga nokuba ukuhlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato kuyawonyusa amathuba okuqhawula umtshato kamva ukuba isibini sitshatile. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kokuhlala kunye ngaphambi komtshato kunye noqhawulo-mtshato ayisiyiyo ngqo, kodwa endaweni yoko kukudibana okunzima kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
