Abagadi bezitiya abahlala kwiindawo ezingenabusika ezifuna umthi mhle wesiqhamo se tropical kufuneka bakuthathele ingqalelo ukukhulisa umthi wemango ( Mangifera indica ). Iziqhamo ezikhulu zinencasa efanayo nepesika kwaye umthi omnye uvelisa ii-mangos ezaneleyo oya kwabelana ngazo nabo bonke abantu obaziyo.
Isiqhamo esisisiseko kunye nenkcazo yomthi
Iimango Imithi emikhulu ihlala iluhlaza ekhula malunga ne-90 yeenyawo ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi ekukhuleni, ke ifuna indawo enkulu kwimbonakalo yomhlaba ukuze ikhule ngokufanelekileyo. Ziyimithi ehlala ixesha elide kunye nemifuziselo ehlala iminyaka engama-300 kwaye ivelisa iziqhamo. Amagqabi amakhulu akhula ngaphezu kweenyawo ubude kwaye ngelixa amancinci ebomvu kwaye eluhlaza, ajika abe luhlaza ngokupheleleyo xa sele evuthiwe.
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Iipaneli - Ngexesha lasebusika nasentwasahlobo, umthi uvelisa i-panicles ende ezaliswe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4,000 encinci, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe-zimhlophe. Iipanic ziyazichumisa, ziqulethe zombini neentyatyambo zowasetyhini, ke ufuna kuphela umthi omnye wemango ukuze ufumane iziqhamo. - Iziqhamo -Iziqhamo, ezihlelwe njengeedrump, ziza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye neemilo, kuxhomekeke kudidi kunye nokulima kwaye zi-oval, zijikeleze, okanye zinde. Bazilinganisa kancinci ii-ounces ezininzi ukuya kuthi ga kwiiponti ezintlanu. Imibala eyahlukeneyo yeziqhamo ibandakanya oluhlaza, tyheli-luhlaza, orenji, bomvu, mfusa okanye ukudityaniswa kwemibala eliqela.
- Imbewu Imango nganye inembewu enye, enokuba yimonoembryonic okanye ipolyembryonic. Imbewu ye-Poyembryonic ivelisa inzala efanayo nomthi womama kwaye imbewu ye-monoembryonic ivelisa i-hybrids, ethwele iimpawu zemithi yomzali yomibini.
Iipaneli - Ngexesha lasebusika nasentwasahlobo, umthi uvelisa i-panicles ende ezaliswe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4,000 encinci, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe-zimhlophe. Iipanic ziyazichumisa, ziqulethe zombini neentyatyambo zowasetyhini, ke ufuna kuphela umthi omnye wemango ukuze ufumane iziqhamo.- Izifo zemithi yeMango
- Iimpawu zeMango: Funda konke malunga nesi siqhamo seTropiki
- Ungawugcina njani umthi ngeBark eyonakalisiweyo
Iindidi zeMango
Zimbini iintlobo ezisisiseko zemithi yemango, iIndochinese kunye neIndiya. Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwezi zimbini luhlobo lwembewu kunye nombala weziqhamo.
- Iindidi zaseIndiya zivelisa ezona ziqhamo zimibalabala kunye nembewu ye-monoembryonic.
- Iindidi ze-Indochinese zivelisa uluhlaza ukuya kwityheli elityheli kunye nembewu ye-polyembryonic.
 Iimango zaseIndiya |  Imango yeIndochinese indlela yokwenza ityuwa nepepile iinwele zikhanye |
Ukukhetha uMthi
I-Mangos ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iindawo zokugcina izityalo zihlala zithengisa umthi kwizikhongozeli ezintathu kunye nomndilili oziimitha ezine ubude, xa umthi umalunga neenyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Imithi yeMango ejikeleze unyaka ubudala kunye nomndilili oziimitha ezisixhenxe ubude ikhula kwizikhongozeli ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe ukuze inkqubo yeengcambu ingabi yingcambu. Kulumkele ukukhetha umthi ophuma ngaphandle kwesikhongozeli kuba awunakuze ukhule ngokufanelekileyo xa sele utyaliwe.
Jonga amagqabi kwimpawu zezonakalisi okanye izifo. Amagqabi kufuneka aphilile ngaphandle kwamabala, ukujika kombala okanye ukugoba, njengoko kunokuba ziimpawu zengxaki yezempilo okanye ubukho bezinambuzane.
Iimeko ezifunekayo zokuKhula
IiMangos ezikhule phantsi kweemeko ezikhethiweyo ngabavelisi besiqhamo abaninzi. Cinga ngomthi omkhulu xa ukhula xa ukhetha indawo. Khetha indawo emalunga neenyawo ezingama-30 ubuncinci ukusuka kulo naluphi na ulwakhiwo, imithi okanye iingcingo zombane, ezivumela umthi ukuba ufumane ubungakanani bendalo kunye nokumila kwawo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Imozulu ekhethiweyo kunye noKhuselo lweqabaka
Imithi yeMango ikhula nzima kwiindawo ezinemozulu yetropiki nakwindawo ezitshisayo ezibekwe kwimimandla ye-USDA 10 ukuya ku-11 nakumazantsi eendawo 9 anikwe ukhuseleko ebusika. Imithi yemango ekhulileyo iyasokola ukonakala kwamahlamvu nge-25 degrees Fahrenheit, kwaye iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo ziyafa xa amaqondo obushushu entywila ukuya kuma-40 degrees F. Nangona kunjalo, umthi omncinci wemango unokufa xa amaqondo obusika ebusika efikelela kuma-30 degrees F.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bomthi ekukhuleni, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba uwugubungele umthi xa kukho iqabaka engalindelekanga okanye iqabaka, nto leyo enqabileyo kwimimandla ye-10 neye-11. kushushu okanye kugqunywe ngamashiti okanye nge-burlap. Phambi kokuba ukubanda kwe-snap kubanda, nkcenkceshela inkqubo yeengcambu kakuhle ukuyinceda igcine ubushushu.
UkuKhanya okukhethiweyo
Ukukhula kakuhle kunye nokuveliswa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, khulisa imithi yemango kwindawo egcwele ilanga. Ukuba ukhula imithi emincinci kwigreenhouse ngaphambi kokutshintshela kwindawo engaphandle, qiniseka ukuba ifumana ukukhanya okuphezulu ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokukhanya kwendalo. Imithi yemango ayenzi izityalo ezifanelekileyo endlwini ngenxa yobungakanani bayo kunye neemfuno zokukhula kunye neziqhamo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzama ukusasaza imbewu ngaphakathi kwaye ugcine isampling ngaphakathi ide ifike kubude obuyi-1 leenyawo, qiniseka ukuba uyifumana apho ifumana ilanga elipheleleyo okanye ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokukhanyisa okungafunekiyo.
Iimfuno zomhlaba
Imithi ye-Mango ayibalulekanga ngohlobo lomhlaba ukuba nje idreyini kakuhle, ivulekile kwaye inzulu, kwaye ayinalo utyekelo lokuba yi-boggy. Zisebenza kakuhle kwimihlaba ene pH engu 5.5 ukuya ku 7.5.
Ukongeza umhlaba ongaphezulu okanye isichumisi kumhlaba wemveli akuyomfuneko xa utyala imango kwindawo yokuma komhlaba kwaye ukongeza ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokutyala akucebisi kwaye kunokubangela ukukhula komthi. Ukuba unqwenela ukulungisa indawo otyala kuyo ngomhlaba ongaphezulu okanye ngomgquba, sebenza ngezinto eziphilayo kumhlaba wemveli, uqiniseke ukuba umyinge ngowama-50-50.
Ukuba isiza sokutyala sinomdla wokukhukula ngenxa yemvula enkulu, khulisa imango kwinduli ukuphakamisa inkqubo yeengcambu kwimeko efumileyo. Yenza indunduma emhlabeni womthonyama omalunga neenyawo ezintathu ukuphakama kunye neenyawo ezilishumi ububanzi.
Iimfuno zesikhongozelo
Ukuba ukhula umthi wemango kwimbewu, sebenzisa ikhonteyina ezintathu ukuze ungaphazamisi inkqubo yeengcambu de ube uyityale emhlabeni xa ujikeleze iinyawo ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Ithatha umthi okhula ngokukhawuleza malunga neenyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuze ufezekise oku kuphakama. Qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sinamanzi amdaka asezantsi ukuze isampuli nembewu zingaboli. Sebenzisa umxube wokubilisa ococekileyo kwisitya.
Amanyathelo okuTyala iMithi ePhuhlisiweyo
Emva kokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutyala kunye neemeko ezikhethiweyo, ukutyala umthi wemango kubalulekile.
- Susa nayiphi na ingca okanye ukhula kwindawo yokutyala, ukudala indawo engenazityalo malunga neenyawo ezine ububanzi. Gcina lendawo ingenakho ukukhula njengoko oku kunciphisa amathuba okonakala esiqwini nasezingcanjini ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo zengca kunye nokumba.
- Gobhoza umngxuma ophindwe kathathu ubunzulu kwaye ubanzi kwisitya esibambe umthi wemango. Ukwenza umngxuma omkhulu kukhulula umhlaba ukuze ingcambu enzulu yemango ibe nexesha elilula lokusasazeka kuyo yonke loo ndawo.
- Buyela umngxunya ngokwaneleyo emhlabeni owembiweyo ukuze imango ihlale kwinqanaba elifanayo ibikhula ngaphakathi kwesikhongozelo sezityalo. Awufuni ukutyala umthi nzulu kunokuba wawukhula kwisitya sawo njengoko ubeka uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga emthini.
- Gcwalisa umngxuma osembindini ngomhlaba uze uwugingxize ujikeleze iingcambu namanzi ukunceda ukususa iipokotho zomoya. Gcwalisa umhlaba oshiyekileyo.
- Nkcenkceshela indawo yokutyala, uzalisa ngokupheleleyo iingcambu.
Amanyathelo okutyala iMembewu yeMango
Xa uzama ukusasaza umthi wemango ukusuka imbewu , kungcono ukusebenzisa imango entsha engathengwanga kwivenkile yokutya. Ngenxa yamaqondo okushisa abandayo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca inzalo, imbewu yevenkile yokutya ayihlali isebenza. IiMangos ezikhuliswe kwimbewu zihlala zentyatyambo kwaye ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo kwiminyaka emithathu.
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Sebenzisa imbewu entsha yemango engavumelekanga ukuba yome kwaye isuse ikhoba lembewu elingaphandle. - Gcwalisa ikhonteyina yokutsala eyi-3 yeelitha ngomxube oxutywe kakuhle kwaye ubeke icala elinembewu ecaleni embindini wesikhongozeli. Tyala imbewu kwinqanaba lomhlaba kwaye ungabi nzulu kakhulu.
- Nkcenkceshela isikhongozeli emva kokutyala uze ugcine umhlaba ufumile ngokufaka amanzi rhoqo ngeveki.
- Beka isikhongozeli kwindawo enelanga kwaye imbewu kufuneka ihlume malunga nenyanga enye.
Sebenzisa imbewu entsha yemango engavumelekanga ukuba yome kwaye isuse ikhoba lembewu elingaphandle.Ukuqhubeka kokuKhula kweemfuno
Imithi yeMango ineemfuno eziqhubekekayo zoku ukukhula okunempilo . Imithi eneemfuno zayo zokukhula idibene iya kuqala ukudubula kwaye ivelise iziqhamo kwiminyaka emithathu.
yintoni oza kuyifaka kwiingxowa ezimnandi
Iimfuno zamanzi
Imithi yemango esandula ukutyalwa ifuna amanzi amatyeli aliqela ngeveki de ingcambu yomthi izinzile kwindawo yokutyala, ethatha iiveki ezisibhozo ngokubanzi. Emva koko, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba iimeko zinetha, qhubeka unkcenkceshela umthi ngeveki. Ukunciphisa inani lamanzi kube kanye ukuya kabini ngenyanga ngexesha lokuwa kunye nobusika.
Iimfuno zesichumisi
Imithi yeMango iyazuza kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo zesichumiso, kodwa musa ukuchumisa ngaphezulu ukuze ungatshi kumthi. Sebenzisa imveliso eyenzelwe imithi yeziqhamo okanye ngohlalutyo lwe-6-6-6 okanye i-21-0-0 kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yemveliso kwixabiso. Yahlula izicelo zibe zicelo ezintathu ukuya kwezine ezifakwe qho ngenyanga emva kwehlobo. Sasaza isichumisi ngokulinganayo phantsi kombhobho kwaye ukrwelele emhlabeni, uqiniseke ukuba awuyikukhupha imveliso esiqwini somthi. Nkcenkceshela isichumisi emhlabeni.
Iimfuno zokuprintwa
Ukuthena amasebe emithi emango emincinci kunyaka wokuqala kudala umthi obusayo kunye nesakhelo esomeleleyo esivelisa iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Imithi evuthiweyo ayifuni ukuthenwa ngaphandle kokususa amasebe afileyo, onakeleyo okanye agulayo. Cima icandelo elonakeleyo ube ngumthi ophilayo. Ukuba iqabaka okanye umkhenkce wonakalisa umthi, linda de kube sentwasahlobo ukunciphisa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Ukuba umthi ufuna ukuthenwa ukulawula ukumila kwawo okanye ubungakanani bawo, linda de ube umthi lowo udubula kwaye uchume iziqhamo. Imithi yemango ethenwe kakhulu ingathatha ixesha lonke ngaphambi kokuba idubule kwaye iphinde ibe nesiqhamo kwakhona.
Izifo kunye neengxaki zezinambuzane
Iinkumbi nezifo ezininzi zinokosulela imithi yemango. Olona thintelo lulungileyo kukukhula kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo kwaye ugcine indawo phantsi komthi ingenamagqabi awileyo kunye nenkunkuma
Izifo
IiMangos zichaphazeleka kwizifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba i-anthracnose kunye ne-verticillium wilt, kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo powdery isikhumba kunye nerusi ebomvu. I-anthracnose inokunyangwa nge ukutshiza ubhedu kodwa abo bane-verticillium bayathanda ukufumana amahlamvu abomdaka kwaye abune, kukhokelele ekufeni kwemango ekugqibeleni. Umhlwa kunye nomhlwa obomvu bunokunyangwa ngefungicide yobhedu.
Ukuchumisa imithi ye mango ene nitrogen eninzi kakhulu ibangela imeko ithambe impumlo. Iziqhamo ezichaphazeleka yile meko ziya kufiphala phezulu. Lawula imeko ngokufaka isixa esichanekileyo sesichumisi kwaye ungagqithisi ngokufaka kakhulu.
Umngundo weSooty yingxaki yokungunda enxulunyaniswa nobukho bezinambuzane ezincancisa incindi ezinje ngetrips, mealybugs kunye nesikali njengoko zikhupha incindi yobusi. Into emnyama eshinyeneyo igubungela amagqabi kwaye ihlala isongela ubomi. Ukuba ukungunda kuyasinda, susa ngokuhlamba amagqabi ngomsindo omkhulu wamanzi okanye ngokusebenzisa isisombululo esityhafileyo sesepha yesitya kunye namanzi.
ukuba uzothini xa umntu elahlekelwe sisilwanyana sasekhaya
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo zemithi yemango zibandakanya isikali, i-mealybugs, i-thrips kunye ne-mites. Izinambuzane zifunxa incindi kumagqabi omthi kunye nokukhonkotha. Ukuhlolwa okufutshane kwamagqabi kunye namasebe kuhlala kubonisa izinambuzane eziqhotyoshelwe kuloo ndawo. Ukuba i-infestation ayinkulu, yiphule emthini usebenzisa amanzi. Sebenzisa i isepha yokubulala izinambuzane okanye ioyile yokulawula izinambuzane ukuba ngaba intsholongwane inzima kwaye ulandele umkhombandlela welebheli wokuxuba nokufaka. Ukugcina ungatshisi amagqabi emango, sebenzisa isibulali zinambuzane kwakusasa okanye emva kwemini xa imeko zingenelanga.
Ukuvuna iimango
Iziqhamo zemango zikulungele ukuvunwa naphi na ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokudubula. Ukuvumela isiqhamo ukuba sivuthwe emthini kuqinisekisa eyona ncasa intle. Nangona kunjalo, ungazikha ngokufanelekileyo iziqhamo njengoko ziqala ukuvuthwa kwaye uzivumele zivuthwe kubushushu begumbi. Inyama iyatshintsha ukusuka emhlophe iye emthubi kwaye umphezulu wemango uqala ukutshintsha umbala xa ulungele ukuvunwa. Xa sele ikhethiwe, ithatha iintsuku ukuya kwiveki ngaphambi kokuba isiqhamo sivuthwe.
Abanye abantu bayaliwa yincindi ngoko ke nxiba iiglavu xa uvuna isiqhamo kwaye usiphule iziqhamo emthini ngokusika izihlahla endaweni yokuzikhupha. I-Mangos ityumza ngokulula, ke ziphathe ngononophelo iziqhamo ezikhethiweyo kwaye uhlambe incindi kwisiqhamo ukuyigcina ingabonisi kwaye ibole. Ukuba awukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke iziqhamo ngaxeshanye, baya kubambelela emthini iinyanga ezininzi kwisigaba esivuthiweyo ngaphandle kokubi. Kuxhomekeke kubudala bomthi, umthi wemango okhulileyo ojikeleze iminyaka eli-10 ubudala unokuvelisa ngaphezulu kweziqhamo ezingama-200 ngonyaka, kunye nesityalo esonyuka unyaka nonyaka.
Ubumnandi beTropiki kwaye buNencasa
Ngononophelo oluncinci kunye nokhathalelo, umthi wakho wemango kufuneka ube sisongezo esisempilweni kunye nesinomtsalane kwimbonakalo yomhlaba kwiminyaka ezayo kwaye sikunike iziqhamo ezininzi. Yiza nezihloko kwitafile ngokutya iziqhamo ezisandula ukwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa kweziselo, iidizethi, ijeli, ijam okanye ichutney.
