Ii-Hawthorn zihlala kusapho olukhulu kakhulu olubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeentlobo, nangona zonke zinempawu ezifanayo kwaye zonke zivelisa iziqhamo ezinomtsalane. Ngaphandle kokuthintelwa zizitshabalalisi kunye nezifo, bazalisekisa usetyenziso oluninzi ngaphakathi komhlaba.
Iimpawu ekwabelwana ngazo
Kuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusondeleyo ziyafana , kunzima ukwahlula enye kwenye. Uninzi lweentlobo zinamasebe agqunywe ngameva, aqala ngaphantsi nangama-intshi ukuya kuma-intshi ama-3 ubude kwaye zonke zivelisa iziqhamo zepome. Nangona zihlelwe njengemithi emincinci, zinotyekelo lokuthumela ii-suckers, ezikhokelela kwimikhondo emininzi okanye zenze i-shrub enkulu ukuba ayithenwanga. Ziphakathi kwe-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeenyawo ubude kunye nobubanzi. Imithi emincinci ineqondo lokukhula elicothayo ukuya kweliphakathi.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- NgoMeyi iintyatyambo zokuzalwa: ukujonga uLily weNtlambo kunye neHawthorn
- Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zemithi eneentyatyambo ezimhlophe
- Izityalo Eziqhelekileyo Ngameva
Enye indlela yokubuyela ekukhuleni kwabo, ngaphandle kwamasebe anameva, ngaba bathambekele kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki zezinambuzane.
Amahlamvu kunye neNkcazo yeBark
Kuxhomekeke kudidi olwahlukileyo, amaxolo ngokubanzi acekeceke kwaye agudile, nangona ezinye iintlobo zinamaxolo kwaye bomvu-bumdaka ngombala. Amasebe amatsha aluhlaza-orenji kwaye agqunywe ngameva abomvu-bumdaka, kuxhomekeke kudidi.
ukuphakama komndilili weminyaka eli-16 ubudala
Olunye uhlobo lwamagqabi luhlala lucocwe, lumile okwe-wedge, lu-oblong okanye lujikeleze, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nokuluhlaza okucwebezelayo entwasahlobo kwaye kuxhomekeke kudidi, utshintsho kubomvu o-orenji ngexesha lokuwa. Zonke iintlobo ze-hawthorn ziyaqaqamba, ziwisa amagqabi ebusika.
Iintyatyambo
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ii-hawthorn ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, zihlala zigutyungelwe ziintyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe ngokubanzi ezinuka kamnandi. Bangamalungu osapho lwe rose kwaye iintyatyambo zabo zifana neentyatyambo ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo ze-hybridi zivelisa iintyatyambo ze rose okanye ezipinki. Izityalo ziqhakaza kakhulu, zineentyatyambo ezigubungele umthi.
Iziqhamo zePome
Zonke iindidi zivelisa izihloko ezibomvu-ukuya-kumnyama, iziqhamo ezifana nequnube, ezimdaka ngokwazo njengendlu, ezenza iinyanga ezininzi emva kokudubula. Iziqhamo ezingavuthwanga ziluhlaza. Kuxhomekeke kudidi oluthile, iziqhamo zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngalo lonke ixesha lekwindla kwaye ziyaqhubeka kwisityalo kangangeenyanga ezininzi. Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo eziqhamo aquka ii-haws kunye ne-apple-ameva.
Ubungakanani beziqhamo bususela kwi-1/2 intshi ukuya kwi-intshi enye ubukhulu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kwaye kufana ne-cranberry okanye crabapple ekubukekeni nasekungcamleni. Iindidi ezininzi zinencindi enencasa eneasidi, kwaye isiqhamo ngasinye sineembewu ezininzi ezixatyiswa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka. Nangona amajikijolo ayatyiwa, iindidi ezininzi zingcamla ngcono kunezinye, ngeentlobo ezinje ngoMeyi naseNtshona zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iwayini, izithambisi, iidizethi kunye nokulondolozwa, ikakhulu kwiimarike zalapho apho isityalo sikhula khona. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi abona bakhulu bamajikijolo yimivundla, oonomatse, iraccoons, amaxhama kunye neempuku ezincinci.
 Amakhaya avuthiweyo eHawthorn |  Isiqhamo se-Hawthorn esingavuthwanga |
Ukuvuna iziqhamo
Phambi kokuvuna, linda de isiqhamo siphumeze umbala opheleleyo kwaye sivuthwe. Unokukhetha iziqhamo ngesandla, uzibeke kwisitya njengoko usiya, kodwa yinkqubo echitha ixesha. Indlela elula yokuvuna isixa esikhulu seziqhamo ngaxeshanye kukusasaza i-tarp okanye iphepha phantsi komthi kwaye uyigungqise. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo ziya kuwela kwisiciko ngelixa esingavuthwanga sihlala emthini.
Ukukhethwa kweentlobo
Iindidi ezininzi zininzi kakhulu ukuba zingabizwa, kodwa imizekelo embalwa ibandakanya le mithi ilandelayo.
ENtshona
Intshona hawthorn ( Crataegus opaca ), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-mayhaw, yenye yezinto ezityiwayo zemveli ezivelisa iipome ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ijam kunye nesiraphu. Ikhula njengomthi omncinci, onqabileyo kunye nomeva ofikelela kwi-30 yeenyawo ubude kwaye ubanzi ekukhuleni, une-2 intshi yamagqabi aluhlaza anemiphetho egudileyo. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ziqhakaza entwasahlobo, zilandelwa yimizi ebomvu ye-intshi enye ngoMeyi. Iqinile kwimimandla ye-USDA ye-7 ukuya kwe-9 kwaye inokuchasana nezifo.
UCanzibe
Ngamana hawthorn ( Crataegus a festivalis ), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-apple hawthorn, yinto eyahlukileyo, eyahlukileyo yendalo exabisekileyo yejeli eveliswe kwimizi yayo ebomvu ye-intshi enye ngoMeyi. Ezinye izilimo azinameva. Ikhula njengomthi omncinci, ifikelela kwi-30 yeenyawo ubude kwaye ibanzi ekukhuleni, ivelisa iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Luhlaza, okweqanda ama-avareji ama-intshi ama-2 ubude kwaye awutshintshi umbala ekwindla. Umthi uqinile kwii-USDA kwimimandla ye-6 ukuya kwe-11 kwaye unokuchasana nezifo.
EWashington
Washington hawthorn ( UWASHINGTON HAWTHORN ) ngumthonyama, umthi omncinci, omncinci omileyo ophakathi kweenyawo ezingama-20 ubude kwaye ubanzi ekukhuleni. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ziwugubungele umthi kwinxalenye yokuqala yehlobo, zilandelwe ziziqhamo ezi-1/2-intshi ezibomvu-orenji ekwindla exatyiswa zizilwanyana zasendle. Amagqabi aluhlaza afotyiweyo kunye nelobed avareji ama-intshi ama-3 ubude, utshintsho kubomvu olu-orenji ukuwa. Inameva ayi-intshi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 egubungele amasebe, kwaye ithambekele kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinambuzane. Iqinile kwimimandla ye-USDA 3 ukuya ku-8.
Mnyama
I-hawthorn emnyama ( ICrataegus douglasii Ngumthonyama, umthi omncinci ogqumayo omyinge we-30 yeenyawo ubude kwaye ubanzi ekukhuleni. I-green serrated kunye ne-oblong amahlamvu angama-intshi ama-intshi ama-3 ubude kwaye utshintsho kwi-orange-red in fall. Ameva asusela kwi-1/2 ukuya kwi-intshi e-intshi egubungela amasebe. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe zigquma isityalo ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zilandelwe ngamaqoqo e-1/2-intshi amajikijolo amnyama-omnyama avuthwa ekuqaleni kokwindla. Iqinile kwimimandla ye-USDA yesi-2 ukuya kweyesi-7. Ayithandwa ziinambuzane nezifo njengezinye iintlobo.
IsiNgesi
IsiNgesi hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata I-avareji ye-20 yeenyawo ubude kwaye ibanzi ekukhuleni kwaye ngokungafaniyo nabanye abaninzi kusapho, igcina amagqabi ayo aluhlaza ide iwe ebusika. Ameva e-intshi enye agquma amasebe kwaye ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, iintyatyambo zenza imibala emhlophe, epinki okanye evukile, kuxhomekeke kulinywa, zilandelwe zii-berries ezibomvu ezi-1/2-intshi ekuqaleni ukuwa zixatyiswa zizilwanyana zasendle. Olu hlobo luchanabeke kwizifo nakwizinambuzane ezininzi. Yomelele kwimimandla ye-USDA 4 ukuya ku-8.
Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba
I-Hawthorns inokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kubume bendawo, nangona abalimi kufuneka baqwalasele ameva abo xa bekhetha indawo okanye batyale iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingenameva. Ngenxa yobume babo obunameva, ngekhe ufune ukutyala kufutshane neendlela zokuhamba okanye zokungena.
Ngebhanti yabo yokuqhusheka kwisixa esikhulu seentyatyambo, sebenzisa umthi omncinci njengomzekelo apho iintyatyambo, amaqunube kunye nombala wokuwa ungabeka umboniso. Zisebenza kakuhle kwiipolinator nakwiigadi zebhabhathane kuba iintyatyambo zitsala izinambuzane eziluncedo egadini.
Imithi isebenza kakuhle kwizitiya zendalo okanye zasendle, ibonelela ngendawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka. Ukuba ishiywe ingathenwanga, imithi isebenza kakuhle njengothango okanye izityalo zokuhlola, kwaye ukuba ithenwe ukuba ibenomboko omnye ophambili, isebenza kakuhle njengemithi emincinci enomthunzi.
Kuba uninzi lukhula ngokwendalo kufutshane nomjelo weebhanki, zinokutyalwa zijikeleze amachibi kubume bekhaya. Ngenxa yameva abo, mhlawumbi awufuni kuwasebenzisa kwiindawo ezinamachibi.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokuKhula nokuTyala
Nangona uninzi lwazo luthambekele kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo, ziyimithi eqinileyo eqhuba kakuhle kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Xa utyala umthi othengwe ngezityalo, kuya kufuneka utyale ingcambu yebhola kubunzulu obufanayo obabukhula ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli sayo. Ukutyala nzulu kakhulu kubeka uxinzelelo emthini.
Ukuba ukongeza imithi emininzi kwimbonakalo yomhlaba, vumela malunga ne-15 ukuya kwi-20 yeenyawo phakathi kwezityalo ezininzi ukukhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo nokungakhuselekanga. Ukutyala izityalo ezininzi ngokusondeleyo kunciphisa ukujikeleza komoya, okuvula i-hawthorn ukuya kwizitshabalalisi nakwizifo.
Zityale unale migaqo ilandelayo.
zingaphi ii-ounces kwi-750 ml yotywala
- Umhlaba: Le mithi isebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemeko zomhlaba ukusuka kwisanti ukuya kudongwe kunye ne-asidi ukuya kwialkaline. Abadingi gadi ukuba bahlengahlengise imihlaba ngezinto eziphilayo ngaphambi kokutyala kwaye baphumelele kwimihlaba efumileyo efunxa kakuhle.
- Ukukhanya: Imithi iyakhula, idubule, kwaye ivelise iziqhamo kwindawo enomthunzi kwindawo ezinelanga elipheleleyo.
- Ukufuma: Uninzi lweentlobo luyayinyamezela imeko yembalela xa sele kumiselwe kwindawo yokutyala kwaye ziyanyamezela iimeko ezifumileyo. Ukuqala ukutyala, qala ngeveki malunga neenyanga ezimbini zokuqala ngelixa inkqubo yeengcambu izinzile. Emva koko, nkcenkceshela iiveki ezimbalwa, ngakumbi ukuba iimeko zishushu kwaye zomile.
Iindlela zokuSasaza
Abalimi begadi bangasasaza izityalo ezitsha ngokuxhunyelelwa, ukutyala imbewu okanye ukusika i-softwood, nangona imbewu kunye nokusika kuyindlela elula onokuyithatha.
Ukusasaza iMbewu
Ukusasaza izityalo ngoku iimbewu isisiseko sezityalo nezithole ziqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo malunga neminyaka emine emva kokutyala.
- Hlanganisa iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kwaye ubeke kwisitya samanzi kwaye uvumele ukuntywila ubusuku bonke. Iimbewu ezinokubakho zitshona emazantsi esiqulatho kwaye iimbewu ezingasebenziyo zidada ngaphezulu.
- Susa imbewu efanelekileyo emanzini kwaye ususe inyama kwimbewu. Vumela imbewu ukuba yome kwitawuli yephepha kangangeentsuku ezininzi kubushushu begumbi.
- Ukukunceda ukugqobhoza idyasi yembewu elukhuni, gcoba umphandle wembewu ngefayile, kuba oku kuyanceda kwinkqubo yokuhluma.
- Beka i-peat moss emanzi ngaphakathi kwengxowa yeplastiki kwaye ubeke imbewu ngaphakathi kwe-moss. Ukutywina ingxowa kunye nendawo ngaphakathi kwifriji. Gcina imbewu ngaphakathi kwifriji kangangeenyanga ezintathu.
- Tyala imbewu ngaphakathi kokutyala okutyalwa kugalelwe umxube wamanzi kunye namanzi. Gcina umhlaba ufumile kodwa ungangxami.
- Beka isikhongozeli kwindawo enelanga kwaye imbewu kufuneka ihlume kwinyanga enye.
- Emva kokuhluma, tyala umthi kumhlaba emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo.
Ukusasaza ukusika
Ukusasazeka ngokusika kuqinisekisa imveliso ekhawulezileyo yeziqhamo, eyenzeka kwisithuba seminyaka emibini. Inkqubo ilula ngokulula.
- Usebenzisa izixhobo zokuthena ezenziwe sanitised, coca umthi othambileyo ukusika malunga nee-intshi ezili-12 ubude ngelixa umthi ulele.
- Gcwalisa ikhonteyina e-1 yeelitha ekhupha umxube wokuxuba owomileyo kwaye unkcenkceshele umhlaba uwuncede uzinze ngaphambi kokutyala ukusika. Yenza malunga ne-3- ukuya kwi-intshi ye-intshi embindini wesikhongozeli.
- Dipha isiphelo senxalenye esikiweyo kwihomoni yokuqandula kwaye ushukumise ukugqitha. Beka isiphelo sokusika emngxunyeni kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uyasebenza umhlaba ukuze ukusika kutyalwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Beka ikhonteyina kwindawo enelanga.
- Mist ukusika ngamanzi amatyeli aliqela evekini kudala ukufuma kwaye ugcine umhlaba ufumile, kodwa ungangxami.
- Uphuhliso lweengcambu lwenzeka malunga neenyanga ezintathu kwaye kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine emva koko unokutyala ukusika kubume bomhlaba.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zoKhathalelo
Eyona mfuno inkulu yokhathalelo kule mithi kukuthenwa okufanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa ubume obomeleleyo kunye nezixa ezifanelekileyo zesichumiso ukukhula okuninzi kunye nokuveliswa kweziqhamo.
Izicelo zesichumiso
Faka isicelo se-1 yeepawundi isichumiso kwi-intshi nganye ye-trunk's diameter yahlula yaba zizicelo ezibini unyaka wonke. Xa ufaka isicelo, sebenzisa isiqingatha senani lilonke lesichumiso esifunekayo kwisicelo sokuqala ngoFebruwari nesinye isiqingatha ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Sebenzisa umxube we-5-10-10 okhutshwa kancinci kwaye ungagcini kakhulu okanye usebenzise initrogen eninzi njengoko ikhuthaza umlilo.
Nciphisa isichumiso ngokulinganayo kwindawo otyala kuyo, uyigcine kude esiqwini somthi kwaye uyikrwele emhlabeni. Nkcenkceshela isichumisi emhlabeni kwaye ucime nawaphi na amagqabi emva kokufaka isicelo.
Iimfuno zokuprintwa
Ukwenza ifayile isakhiwo esomeleleyo , khetha elona sebe linamandla kwaye lisempilweni kwaye usike zonke ezinye kwinqanaba lomhlaba. Ixesha elingaphezulu, isityalo siya kuqhubeka nokuthumela amahlumelo ongezelelweyo okanye ii-suckers kwaye kungcono ukugcina zisikwa njengoko zihluma.
Imithi inomdla wokuphuhlisa i-canopy evulekileyo njengoko ikhula, ke kungcono ukuba unqumle nawaphi na amasebe akhula ngokusondelelene kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukujikeleza komoya ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki zezinambuzane nezifo. Cima naliphi na isebe elifileyo, elonakeleyo, eligulayo okanye eliwela ngalo naliphi na ixesha enyakeni. Ngaphandle koko, linda de kube isityalo silele ngexesha lasebusika ukwenza nayiphi na into enkulu yokuthenwa okanye ukubumba.
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo
Abagadi bezitiya kufuneka bahlole izityalo zabo rhoqo, bejonga ukuba zinokwenzeka na inkathazo iingxaki. Ezinye izinambuzane zibangela iingxaki zokuthambisa ngaphandle kokulawula ngelixa ezinye izinambuzane zifuna ukunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba abantu bakhule bengalawuleki.
Isapsuckers
I-Hawthorn zichaphazeleka kwizinambuzane ezahlukeneyo ezincancisayo ezifana nezigcawu, i-aphids, i-lacebugs kunye nezikali. Uvavanyo olusondeleyo kufuneka luqaphele izinambuzane emazantsi amagqabi esityalo okanye zihlanganisane neziqu ezitsha. Ii-Sapsuckers zifunxa iincindi ezivela kwisityalo zibangela amagqabi agqwethiweyo kunye nombala. Njengokuba begcina into emnandi ebizwa ngokuba yi-honeydew, ukungunda okumnyama umbala omnyama kugquma amagqabi, ayimithi yokuthambisa.
Amaxesha amaninzi kwaye xa abantu bebancinci, ukutshiza ngokuqhuma ngamandla kwamanzi kukhupha izinambuzane ezivela kwisityalo. Izinambuzane ezidlayo ezinje ngooqongqothwane kunye noonomeva abatya ezinye izinambuzane ezibabulalayo, ngenxa yoko akukho mfuneko yokuqhubeka nokulawula.
Ukuba abantu bayenyuka, igadi inokusebenzisa i isepha yokubulala izinambuzane ukutshiza, okuyindlela ebonakalisa ubuhlobo kubantu abafumana ipollinators, ukulawula iiaphid, ii-lacebugs kunye nezigcawu zesigcawu. Gcwalisa amahlamvu ahlaseleyo kunye ne-insecticide kwaye uphinde ufake isicelo ngeveki, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Izinambuzane ezikhulayo zihlala zihlangana kunye neziqu ezitsha. Ukuba i-infestation incinci, abagadi begadi bangazikhuhla izinambuzane esiqwini. Kwimeko apho kukho uhlaselo olukhulu, tshiza indawo echaphazelekayo nge ioyile yezolimo , ukufaka isicelo kwakhona ngeveki, ukuba kukho imfuneko.
zide kangakanani iibhetri
Amagqabi / iSawfly
Amagqabi Yimibungu yemphunguphungupuphu egubungela umhlaba ongaphantsi kweplaza imibungu ihlala ivela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Umonakalo uhlala ungowokuthambisa kuphela kwaye awuqinisekisi ukulawulwa, uboniswa njengamagqabi amabala okanye imingxunya edliwe kumagqabi.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo
Ikhosi yokuqala yesenzo segadi abanokuthi bayithathe kuthintelo lwe isifo Iingxaki kukugcina indawo ephantsi kwesityalo icocekile kubutyobo bamagqabi neziqhamo. Ukuhlola rhoqo izityalo, kunceda ukulawula iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ziphume esandleni.
Izifo ezinomhlwa
Imithi ichaphazeleka kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zerusi, kubandakanya i-cedar-quince rust kunye ne-cedar-hawthorn rust. Iirussi zibangela ukuwa kwegqabi phambi kwexesha kunye namachokoza amthubi o-orenji otyheli agquma amagqabi esityalo. Zombini ezi ntlobo zerusi zichaphazela iziqhamo, zibangela amabala erusi kunye nokushiyeka.
Lawula iingxaki zerusi ngokungawutyali umthi ngemijunipha, neyongamela umngundo kunye nokutshiza nge ukungunda ubhedu xa ingxaki iqala ukubonisa. Faka isicelo kwakhona kwi-fungicide rhoqo kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.
Izifo eziMnyama
Ukulimala kwamagqabi, ukubola kweziqhamo, kunye nokutsha komlilo ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo zezi zityalo, ngomlilo osisona sizezona zibaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu zokutsha komlilo zibandakanya iingcebiso zamasebe abrowning, athi emva koko ahambe aye emagqabini kunye neentyatyambo zibabulala, kodwa zombini zihlala emthini. Iikhonksi ezi-Sunken zenza amasebe. Lawula ukonakaliswa komlilo ngokungatyali imithi kufutshane nama-apile okanye imithi yamapere, engumbindi kwingxaki kwaye ungagqithisi nge-nitrogen ukukhuthaza ukukhula okugqithileyo. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuthena inzalo ukusika amasebe achaphazelekayo ubuncinci unyawo kumthi ophilileyo ngelixa umthi ulele kwaye ugcine iisucks zigawulwa emhlabeni.
Ukulimala kwamagqabi kunye nokubola kweziqhamo kuyingxaki enkulu ngexesha lasentwasahlobo, kubangela ukuba amagqabi abune ajike abe mdaka kunye nesiqhamo. Olona thintelo lulungileyo kukugcina indawo ephantsi komthi icocekile kuzo zonke iziqhamo eziwileyo kunye nenkunkuma yamagqabi.
Umyezo oMnandi
Nokuba zinokubakho iingxaki, ii-hawthorn zongeza umtsalane kunye nombala kwigadi, kunye nebhonasi yokuthwala isiqhamo. Abantu basebenzise iziqhamo kangangeenkulungwane kwiamayeza esintukunye nokongeza incasa yabo eyahlukileyo kwizitya zokupheka.
