Imithombo yeendaba, uluntu, kunye noluntu lwenzululwazi lujolise kakhulu kunakuqala kwezona zinto zixhalabisayo ezingama-30 zokusingqongileyo uMhlaba ojamelene nazo ngoku. Uninzi lwezinto ezixhalabisayo zidibene, zilandela iwebhu yobomi. Njengobungqina obandayo obuxhasa isiphumo esonakalisayo sabantu kwindalo esingqongileyo, abantu abaninzi bathabatha amanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokufundisa abanye.
Iinkxalabo ezi-6 eziPhezulu zoLuntu
AmaMelika axhalabile malunga nemiba emithandathu yokusingqongileyo.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Imifanekiso yeMicimbi yangoku yezeNdalo
- Imifanekiso yeZiphumo zokuFudumala kweHlabathi
- Ungcoliseko lwaManzi Imifanekiso
1. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zibandakanya zonke izinto eziphilayo kulo mhlaba. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezixhalabisayo ngongcoliseko, iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni kunye nokwanda kokutshabalala kweentlobo neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko, kwenza ukuba izinto eziphilayo zibe yeyona nto iphambili kwezendalo. Ngokusekwe kwinqanaba elonyukayo lokutshabalala kweentlobo, isazinzulu esithile satsho ukuba umhlaba ukwingqumbo ye ulwandiso lwesithandathu , yesihlanu ibikho xa iidinosaurs zanyamalala. Uphando olwenziwe ngu UMbutho weSizwe weJografi kunye neIpsos (uphando lwentengiso) I-12,000 yabantu kwihlabathi liphela ityhile uninzi lukholelwa ukuba isiqingatha soMhlaba kufuneka sinikezelwe kukhuseleko lomhlaba nolwandle.
2. Ungcoliseko lwaManzi okusela
Ungcoliseko lwamanzi amatsha asetyenziselwa iimfuno zasekhaya, kubandakanya nongcoliseko lwemilambo, amachibi kunye namachibi aphezulu, kuluhlu oluphezulu kuluhlu lweenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ze-61% yabantu baseMelika. Inkqubo ye- I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo (i-EPA) imisele imigangatho yokuqinisekisa ubulunga bamanzi okusela ukukhusela impilo yoluntu ngokuthintela amanqanaba ezingcoliseko ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeentsholongwane, izibulala-ntsholongwane kunye nezinto ezivela kuzo, iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, iikhompawundi eziphilayo kunye neeradionuclides.
NgoFebruwari 2019, Iindaba ze-PR uxele uphononongo lukazwelonke oluqhutywa yinkampani yeTekhnoloji ye-Bluewater, ityhila ukuba isinye kwisithathu sabaseMelika babenemicimbi yokungcola kwamanzi kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Ama-50% amaMelika axhalabile malunga nokungcola kunikezelo lwamanzi. Uninzi lwamanzi okusela luhlobo oluthile lokungcola. Ungajonga umgangatho wamanzi akho okusela usebenzisa i-zipcode lookup kwi Iwebhusayithi ye-EWG (yeQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo) .
3. Ungcoliseko lwaManzi
Ukukhathazeka ngokubanzi malunga nongcoliseko lwamanzi kunye nemicimbi enxulumene nokusingqongileyo ixhalabisa kakhulu ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMelika abathathe inxaxheba kuvoto luka-2016. Imithombo emininzi yamanzi enjengemilambo, imilambo neelwandle iyangcola. Imiba enxulumene noko ibandakanya ukuwa kwekhephu , ungcoliseko lwezondlo Ukulahlwa kwenqanawa elwandle, ukuqengqeleka edolophini, ukuchitheka kweoyile, ulwelo iasidi, kunye namanzi amdaka.
Imilambo yaseMelika ipapashe ingxelo yayo ye-2019, eyona Mlambo isengozini eMelika. imilambo eAsia, eAfrika nase Mzantsi Melika ingcolile. E-US kukho i-12 ukuya kwi-18 yezigidi zezifo ezithwala amanzi ezichazwe ngonyaka, isiqingatha sazo sisasazeka ngemvula. Ehlabathini jikelele, 'ukugqabhuka kwezifo ezithile ezibangelwa kukutya' kunxulunyaniswa nongcoliseko lwamanzi.
4. Ungcoliseko lomoya
Iinkxalabo malunga nongcoliseko lomoya zihlala zizinzile kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngaphezulu kwama-40 eepesenti abantu baseMelika bexhalabile ngomgangatho wangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezinje ngomcimbi wezinto, iisulfure oxides, iikhompawundi eziguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo, iRadon kunye nefriji.
Ngokwe-2019 Ingxelo yeWorld Health Organisation (WHO) , Abantu aba-9 kwabali-10 baphefumla umoya onezinga eliphezulu lokungcola. I-WHO inika ingxelo yokuba zizigidi ezi-4.2 zabantu ababhubha minyaka le ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya lwangaphandle. Kulabo bahlala kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ama-80% akwimimandla apho amanqanaba okungcoliseka komoya egqitha kwimida ye-WHO. Inkqubo ye- Imeko yoMoya weHlabathi Iingxelo zongcoliseko lomoya zikwindawo yesihlanu kwihlabathi liphela ngokubangela umngcipheko wokufa kwabantu. Eyona nto inkulu ekungciphekeni komhlaba kukungcoliseka komoya omncinci. IPhoto.org uxele isifundo se-2019 esenziwe ngu IBhunga laMazwe ngaMazwe kuThutho oluCocekileyo (ICCT) Ukufumana izithuthi zedizili kubangela ukuba i-47% yokukhutshwa kweemoto zikhuphe ukufa. Ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kobushushu bokukhutshwa kwedizili e-Itali, eJamani, eFrance nase-India babengama-66%.
5. Ukuphulukana namahlathi emvula
Phantse ama-40% amaMelika akhathazekile malunga neengxaki ezikude njengokulahleka kwamahlathi ashushu. Amahlathi emvula agubungela kuphela iipesenti ezimbini zomhlaba kodwa axhasa ama-50% ohlobo lwawo ngokwe Umongabay . Ukanti phakathi kwamahlathi ashinyeneyo indawo yamahlathi emvula ecociweyo lelona liphezulu, kwaye uninzi lwayo luqhutywa ngaphandle. 'Nyaka ngamnye indawo enehlathi elinemvula elingana neNew Jersey iyagawulwa itshatyalaliswe,' utshilo uMongabay. Kwi-2019, imililo yehlobo eyonakalise IAmazon yaseBrazil kwaye ulitshise ihlabathi ngezikhalo.
6. Utshintsho lwemozulu
Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nemiba enxulumene noko yayiyinkxalabo yama-37% yabantu baseMelika ngo-2016. Oku kubandakanya ukutshabalala kwe-ozone tropospheric okubangelwa zii-CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). Ukwanda kumanqanaba okukhupha iigesi zegreenhouse I-NASA iirekhodi zokuba amaqondo obushushu ayi-1.7 ° F ngaphezulu ukusukela ngo-1880, ukwehla nge-13% kwishumi leminyaka kwisimbozo somkhenkce e-Arctic, kwaye malunga nokunyuka nge-intshi ezi-7 kumanqanaba olwandle kule minyaka iyi-100 idlulileyo. Ngapha koko, ulwandle olufudumeleyo, umkhenkce onyibilika encotsheni yeentaba, kunye neziganeko ezigabadeleyo ezandayo e-U.S. Ziboniswa njengobungqina bokutshintsha kwemozulu I-NASA .
Ngokwe-2019 Uphando lwePew I-poll, utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubeka luyimpikiswano ye-geopolotiki kunye ne-84% yedemokhrasi ekholelwa ukuba abantu bangunobangela kwaye kuphela i-27% yeeriphabliki iyavuma. Ngokwe- IPoll yeendaba ye-CBS ye2019 , 'Amashumi amabini anesibini eepesenti abantu baseMelika bacinga ukuba phantse zonke izazinzulu zemozulu ziyavuma ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ngoyena nobangela wotshintsho lwemozulu, ngelixa ama-48% esithi kusekho ukungavisisani phakathi kwezazinzulu malunga nokuba ngaba esona sizathu siphambili sabantu.'
Izinto ezongezelelekileyo ezingama-23
Eminye imiba ephezulu ejongene nokusingqongileyo namhlanje idweliswe ngokulandelelana kwealfabhethi.
7. Izinto ezingcolisayo : I I-EPA ithi 'ungcoliseko lwebhayoloji, okanye luveliswa zizinto eziphilayo.' Oku kubandakanya iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, ukungunda, ukungunda, idander, uthuli, izilwanyana kunye nomungu, njengezinto ezingcolisayo zangaphakathi. Zifumaneka kwiindawo apho kukho ukutya kunye nokufuma okufumanekayo. Banokubangela uguquko okanye izifo ezosulelayo, apho abantwana nabantu abadala besengozini.
Umatshini wekhabhoni: Ubungakanani bekhabhoni sisixa sokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni umntu ngamnye akwenzayo. Abantu banokunciphisa lo nyathelo kunye nefuthe labo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo (amandla elanga, iimpompo zokufudumeza komhlaba), ukurisayikilisha, kunye nokuphila okuzinzileyo.
9. UkuSebenzisa abathengi: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kuchaphazela iplanethi. Imithombo yendalo iphelile kwaye iyatshatyalaliswa ziipateni zokusetyenziswa zangoku. Kwi Ngo-2019, i-PNAS (Inkqubo ye-National Academy yeSayensi) ipapashe iphepha elibonisa indlela imveliso yorhwebo lwezityalo zezolimo eyila ngayo ilahleko yendalo eyahlukileyo. A Uphando lwesayensi lwe-2017 uthi imixokelelwane yonikezelo lwehlabathi isoyikisa iintlobo zezityalo kwiindawo ezininzi ezinezinto eziphilayo. Ngapha koko i-50-80% yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo iyalelwa kukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, ngokwe Olunye ufundisiso luka-2015 (iphepha 1).
10. Amadama kunye nefuthe lazo kokusingqongileyo : WWF Iingxelo kukho amadama angama-48,000 emhlabeni, akhelwe ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela kunye nokunkcenkceshela, kunye namandla. Nangona kunjalo, zikhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwendalo, ukulahleka kweentlobo, kunye nokushenxisa izigidi zabantu.
yeyiphi iplanethi itaurus elawulwa
11. Inkqubo yendalo intshabalalo: Ukuhla kweendawo zokuhlala ezinje nge-aquaculture, amachweba, ukukhusela i-shellfish, ukulungiswa komhlaba, kunye nemigxobhozo inoxanduva lokulahleka kweentlobo, kwaye inokukhuselwa ngokubuyiselwa kwendalo. Nangona amalinge ehlabathi, njenge Ingqungquthela yokwahluka kwendalo (CBD) eyatyikitywa ngamazwe ali-150 ngo-1992, isanda ngokukhusela indalo uphononongo lwesayensi kwi2016 kufunyenwe phantse isiqingatha seendawo zokuhlala zisengozini enkulu.
12. Ulondolozo lwamandla: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ekhayeni nakwishishini, ukusebenza ngokukuko kwamandla, kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-fossil fuel ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
13. Ukuloba kunye nefuthe lalo kwindalo yolwandle: Iindlela ezininzi zokuloba njengokuloba ngokudubula, ukuloba ngecyanide, ukuloba ngentambo ezantsi, ukuloba iintlanzi kunye nokuloba kakhulu kube nefuthe elibi kubomi bamanzi. Ngokuka-MNN (uMama weNdalo yeNdalo), kuye kwakho ukwehla kwinani lama-36% eentlobo, isardadi kwiminenga ye-baleen, ngenxa yokuvuna kakhulu.
14. Ukhuseleko lokutya: Iziphumo ezongezwayo ezinje ngehomoni, ii-antibiotics, izilondolozo, kunye nongcoliseko olunetyhefu, okanye ukuswela ulawulo lomgangatho kunokuba nayo empilweni. 'Nyaka ngamnye, umntu om-1 kwabathandathu baseMelika ugula kukutya ukutya okungcolileyo,' iingxelo Iziko loLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo (I-CDC).
15. Ubunjineli bemfuzo: Abantu baxhalabile kukutya okuguqulweyo (GMOs) kunye nongcoliseko lwemfuzo. Inkqubo ye- Iziko loKhuseleko loKutya Iingxelo eU.S., ukutya okwenziwe ngemfuza kubalasele kunikezelo lokutya. Iipesenti zokutya kwe-GE zibandakanya, i-92% yengqolowa, i-94% yekotoni, i-94% yeembotyi zesoya kunye ne-72% yako konke ukutya okucutshungulwayo.
16. Ukulima okunzulu : Ukulima uhlobo olunye, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokusebenzisa kakhulu izichumisi zamachiza kunye nezitshabalalisi kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuchuma komhlaba kunye nokwanda kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokwe Umanyano lweeNzululwazi eziXhalabileyo (UCS). Kwangokunjalo, ukufuya iinkomo kufama yoshishino kuxhomekeke kwizibulali ntsholongwane eziyingozi ebantwini. Ngapha koko, njengoko WWF ikhomba kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ukukhuliswa kweenkomo kubangela ukugqithisa emadlelweni, ukutshatyalaliswa kwehlathi kunye nokuthotywa, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemethane.
17. Ukuthotywa komhlaba : Ukuthotywa komhlaba kuchaphazela i-1.5 yezigidigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela ngokwe amazwe adbeneyo (UN). Iziswa ngokulima, ngokutya emadlelweni, nangokugawula amahlathi, nangokugawula imithi. Ukuwohloka okugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekubeni umhlaba ube yintlango ngenxa yezigidi ezili-12 zehektare ezingabinamveliso ngonyaka.
18. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba Utshintsho olukhokelela ekutshintsheni uhlaza lwendalo kunye nokwanda kwedolophu kunye neefama kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwendalo, ukuqhekeka, ukunqongophala kwendawo yabantu kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Inkqubo yoPhando ngeHlabathi yeU.S.
19. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukugawulwa kwemithi kunye nokusikwa okucacileyo kutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala zasendle kwaye zezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokuphela kweentlobo. Ngapha koko oku kunegalelo kufudumezo lwehlabathi njengoko imithi ibambisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi, kwaye ngokungabikho kwayo oku kunyuka kuyenyuka, ngokuka Indawo yeSizwe .
20. Imigodi: Imigodi ichaphazele kakubi amahlathi endalo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, yenzakalisa imeko-bume yabantu, ikhokelela ekuvuzeni ukungcola okunetyhefu kunye nesinyithi esinzima esingcolisa amanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya. IPatagonia Alliance , kwaye ke ngoko ucebisa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokumba umgodi. Umjelo wam wamanzi we-Acid nawo zisongele ubutyebi bamanzi .
21. Iinanotechnology kunye neziphumo ezizayo ze-nanopollution / nanotoxicology: Amasuntswana enano angangcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ekugqibeleni angene kwityathanga lokutya, apho anokuba yingozi empilweni. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wempilo abawubekayo awaziwa kuba uphando kule ndawo luthathwe njengolungenaxanduva kwaye ngenxa yoko alunakwenzeka, ngokuka Umbutho waseAmerican Chemical .
22. Iintlekele zendalo: Iinyikima zomhlaba, iintaba-mlilo, iitsunami, izikhukula, iinkanyamba, iinkanyamba, ukuqhekeka kweqhwa, ukudilika komhlaba kunye nokutsha kwamahlathi ziintlekele zemvelo ezisongela abantu nokusingqongileyo. Njenge UCS ingxelo ngamanqaku obushushu behlabathi abonisa ukuba, kuye kwakho ukwanda kweziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu njengokuwa kwekhephu, izaqhwithi kunye nezikhukula e-U.S. ezinxulumene notshintsho lwemozulu. IStatista Iingxelo zokuba ngaphandle kwe-U.S., China kunye nePhilippines zezona zichaphazeleke kakubi, kunye nokufa okupheleleyo kufikelela kumakhulu amawaka.
23. Imiba yenyukliya: Inkxalabo malunga nokuchaphazeleka kwabantu kukuthembela kumandla enyukliya njengokuwa kwenyukliya, ukunyibilika kwenyukliya, kunye nemveliso yenkunkuma eqhumayo yexesha elide inengxaki kubantu abaninzi baseMelika. Uxolo oluluhlaza ithathela ingqalelo amandla enyukliya ahamba kancinci kwaye ayabiza, egqiba kwelokuba umngcipheko uzodlula kude izibonelelo zawo.
24. Eminye imiba yongcoliseko : Ukungcoliseka kokukhanya kunye nongcoliseko lwengxolo kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bokuhlala, impilo yabantu kunye nokuziphatha. Malunga ne-100 lezigidi zabantu baseMelika bachatshazelwa lungcoliseko ngengxolo ngokwe IMercola . Inkqubo ye- ISebe leFizikiki kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida Atlantic , icacisa umphumo wokungcoliseka kokukhanya kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana ngokuchaphazela iwotshi yazo yendalo, echaphazela iintaka ezifudukayo, izinambuzane kwanobomi bamanzi.
Ukuxinana kwabantu: Ukuxinana kwabantu kungabonakala kunefuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo ngokuphungula oovimba, kodwa oku kuyanzima kukusetyenziswa kweepateni, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, ukufumaneka kwetekhnoloji, kunye nemimandla apho ukwanda kwabantu kwenzeka khona. Nangona kunjalo, Ngo-2019, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Ihlaziye ingxelo yabemi behlabathi kuqikelelo lwangaphambili lwabantu abali-11.2 bhiliyoni ngo-2100. Idatha entsha ibonakalisa ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuzalwa ngenani labantu liyancipha.
26. Ukupheliswa kwezixhobo: Izibonelelo zendalo ezigqityiweyo zixhaphazwa kakhulu. IPhoto.org kwaye EzoLimo lweHlabathi Ixeliwe ngoJulayi 2019 yoSuku loMhlaba oluPhezulu. Umhlaba ubusebenzise bonke oovimba bendalo bonyaka. Olu hlobo lokusetyenziswa okungazinzanga lubeka umngcipheko wokuba umhlaba ungaphelelwa zizinto eziyimfuneko kwaye uchaphazele uqoqosho kunye nokuphila kwabantu.
27. Ungcoliseko lomhlaba : Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ukungcola komhlaba, kunye nongcoliseko lomhlaba ngenkunkuma, i-pesticides, isinyithi esinzima, kunye nongcoliseko oluqhubekayo lwezinto eziphilayo ezixhalabisa amaMelika.Umhlabaiyimfuneko ekuxhaseni ubomi noqoqosho.
28. Uluntu oluzinzileyo: Ukuphuhliswa koluntu oluzinzileyo kuxhomekeke ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kwizibaso, ukuxhasa amafama asekuhlaleni kunye nabarhwebi, ukukhuthaza iindlela eziluhlaza kunye nokwakha, ukuqwalasela izilwanyana zasendle zasekhaya, ukwamkelwa kwezothutho ngobuninzi kunye neendlela ezicocekileyo zokuhamba. Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo luyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimfuno zabantu ezifana nezindlu ziyafikelelwa, ukukhusela izibonelelo kunye nendalo, ukulawula utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
29. Ityhefu : Imichiza enetyhefu isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, ezolimo, iilebhu, izibhedlele, iinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma nkqu namakhaya ahlala abantu, kwaye zibandakanya i-chlorofluorocarbons, isinyithi esinzima, i-pesticides, i-herbicides, inkunkuma enetyhefu, i-PCB, i-DDT, i-bioaccumulation, i-endocrine ephazamisayo, i-asbestos. Oku kunokuvela kulawulo lwenkunkuma oluyimpumelelo olungaphunyezwanga kakuhle. Ezi zinokuqina, zingamanzi okanye zinerhasi kwaye zingangcolisa umoya, amanzi kunye nomhlaba. Xa bengena kwityathanga lokutya, babeka umngcipheko wezempilo ngakumbi kubantwana nakubantu abadala ngoku Indawo yeSizwe .
30. Inkunkuma: Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nolawulo kudala ukubulawa kwemicimbi yokusingqongileyo, enjengokungcola, ukungcola komhlaba, ukutshisa, ubumdaka baselwandle, inkunkuma ye-e, kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi nomhlaba obangelwe kukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kunye neetyhefu ezilahlekileyo, ngokwe Encyclopedia.com .
Ukuguqula inkxalabo ibe zizenzo
Ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokugcinwa kweplanethi luxanduva lomntu ngamnye kunye noluntu emhlabeni. Chonga inkxalabo enomdla kolu luhlu lungentla ukuthatha inyathelo kwinqanaba lomntu kunye nelekhaya ukuba nefuthe kwiplanethi kunye nokufundisa amanye amalungu oluntu ngemicimbi yendalo.
