I-truffle luhlobo lwe-mushroom (ngokomzimba, isiqhamo somzimba wefungus) onqwenelwa ngabapheki ngenxa yesityebi, umhlaba, incasa yomthi. La makhowa akhetha kakhulu malunga nokukhula kwawo, ahlala kuphela phantsi komhlaba kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ounce ngeyunce, zezinye ze eyona ibiza kakhulu ukutya okusehlabathini.
Ukufumana iiTruffles
Ngokubanzi, zimbini kuphela iintlobo zeetruffle ezizingelwayo nezinexabiso kwilizwe lokupheka: iitruffle ezimhlophe kunye neetruffle ezimnyama. Zombini ziyakhula kwiimeko ezifanayo (phantsi komhlaba, zijikeleze iingcambu zomthi, kumhlaba ongathathi hlangothi okanye wealkaline), kodwa zahlukile enye kwenye. I-truffle yimingundo yonyaka eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhula ngokuxhomekeka kwintlobo yetruffle kunye nelizwe labo lokuzalwa.
Amanqaku afanelekileyo- Iindidi zamakhowa
- Itshokholethi Trivia
- Iindidi zeziqhamo ezingaqhelekanga
Ukongeza ekukhetheni malunga nokuba zikhula phi, azinakubonwa kumphezulu womhlaba ngeliso lenyama. Isilwanyana esiqeqeshiweyo siyafuneka ukufumana ii-truffles. Ngokwesiko, kangangeenkulungwane, esi silwanyana sasiyihagu; namhlanje, ihlala iyinja njengoko iihagu zinomkhwa ombi wokutya ii-truffles ezizifumanayo de umphathi wezilwanyana ayinqande.
Umnyama omnyama
Iitruffle ezimnyama ( Isiqulatho seTuber melanosporum ) kulula ukuzifumana kunabalingane bazo abamhlophe, nangona isengumceli mngeni. Banobudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye nemithi ye-oki efumaneka ePerigord, kumazantsi-ntshona eFrance, nangona ngamanye amaxesha befumaneka Speyin , ElamaTaliyane ( Umbria ngakumbi), Khroweyishiya , kunye Sloveniya .
Iitruffle ezimnyama kufuneka zikhuselwe kubushushu obugqithisileyo behlobo okanye kubanda kakhulu ebusika. Banokonakala xa iqabaka lingena nzulu emhlabeni abakhula kuwo. Ixesha labo lokuvuna lifutshane kwaye zifumaneka kuphela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuDisemba.
I-Truffle emhlophe
I-truffle emhlophe ( I-tuber efanelekileyo ) - i 'trifola d'Alba Madonna' okanye 'iTruffle yoMama oMhlophe' - ayifumaneki ngokuxhaphakileyo kune-truffle emnyama, kwaye ikhula ngokubanzi Ummandla wePiedmont emantla e-Itali. Ziyakhuliswa eLe Marche (emantla mpuma e-Italiya) kwaye zithengiswa kakhulu apho, kubandakanya umthendeleko we-truffle wonyaka . Eminye imimandla kumbindi we-Itali, kubandakanya iMolise, iAbruzzo kunye neenxalenye zeTuscany zivelisa ezinye iitruffle ezimhlophe. Nokuba ezinye iindawo ezikufuphi ICroatia ngamanye amaxesha ivelisa iitruffles ezimhlophe .
Ii-truffles ezimhlophe ngokwesiko zifunyanwa kumhlaba okhathalayo (ocebile nge-minerali, ikalika) ojikeleze iingcambu ze-oki, i-beech, kunye nemithi ye-hazel kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Ezi truffles zase-Italiya zibona uninzi lokukhula kwazo ukusukela nge-1 Disemba ukuya esiphelweni kuJanuwari.
Ezinye iintlobo zeTruffle
Ngelixa umhlophe nomnyama kunokuba yeyona nto ifunwa kakhulu, zikhona ezinye iintlobo abantu abazingela ngazo.
- Inkqubo ye- 'truffle emhlophe' ( UTuber borchii ) ifumaneka eTuscany, Abruzzo, Romagna, Umbria, Marche, naseMolise kwaye ithathwa njengelungileyo, kodwa incinci kakhulu kune-truffle emhlophe enenqaku le-garlicky.
- Inkqubo ye- IsiTshayina truffle ( UTuber himalayensis ) ifumaneka kwingingqi yeHimalaya yaseTibet, emdeni weYunnan kunye neSichuan. Ithunyelwa ngokulula e-United States endaweni yee-truffle ezibiza kakhulu. Nangona kungahambelani ne-truffles emhlophe namnyama eFrance nase-Itali, abanye abapheki bazifumana benokusetyenziswa. Iingcali zihlala zitsho ukuba ezi ziyinyani xa kuthelekiswa neetruffle eziyinyani kwaye zinephunga lemichiza. Abanye abathengisi abanganyanisekanga baya kuzithengisa ezi truffle zaseTshayina zingabizi kakhulu ngexabiso elipheleleyo leTruffle emnyama yasePerigord.
- Inkqubo ye- I-truffle yehlobo ( Ukubonelelwa kweTuber ) ikwaluhlobo lomnyama omnyama ofunyenwe eMantla e-Itali nakwezinye iindawo zase-United Kingdom, nangona incasa yawo ecekeceke kunye noburhabaxa zithathwa njengezinqwenelekayo kunee-truffles eziyinyani. Ifunyanwa ukusuka ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Agasti kwaye ngokubanzi ifunyanwa phantsi kwemithi apho kungekho bomi bumbi bomphezulu bezityalo obunokubonwa.
- Ifunyenwe kumbindi we-Itali, Iigalikhi truffles ( Isicwili seMacrosporum ) zinemibala emnyama, truffles egudileyo enephunga elinamandla legalikhi. Baye babakho kutshanje ifunyenwe e-UK .
- Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezihlonelwayo ezifumaneka kwifayile ye- IPacific Northwest yeU.S. kubandakanya i-Oregon truffle emnyama, i-Oregon spring truffle emhlophe, i-Oregon truffle emhlophe ebusika, kunye ne-Oregon brown truffle. Abanye abapheki baqala ukuza baqwalasele ezi truffles, ngakumbi i-Oregon enqabileyo truffle emdaka, ubumnandi. Uninzi lwezi lufumaneka kwimithi yeDouglas Fir.
- Inkqubo ye- I-Pecan truffle ( UTuber lyonii Ngamanye amaxesha ifunyanwa ikhula phantsi komthi wepecan kumazantsi eUnited States. Ezi zihlala zifunyanwa ngamafama kwiingcambu zemithi kwiifama zepecan.
Iimeko ngokubanzi zokuKhula
I-truffles, ngokulula nje, kunzima kakhulu ukuyifumana kunye nokuvuna. Oku kunqabile sesona sizathu siphambili sethegi yexabiso eliphezulu abaziphetheyo. Ama-truffles akhula kuphela phantsi komhlaba, enza ubudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye nemithi eneengcambu ezikhula kufutshane. Bakhetha i-beech, i-birch, i-hazel, i-hornbeam, i-oki, ipayini kunye nemithi yepoplar. Inkqubo ye- Umhlaba abakhula kuwo ithambekele ekubeni ngumhlaba ococekileyo ophakamileyo we-alkaline (malunga ne-7 okanye i-8.5 Ph). Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka malunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 okanye ngaphantsi ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukuhlakulela iTruffle
I-truffles iye yazingelwa kangangeenkulungwane ngendlela yakudala, nangona abanye abalimi bezama ukulima iitruffle. Oku kubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka, kodwa ngumceli mngeni kunye nomcimbi wokulinga okuninzi kunye nokusilela.
Ngenxa yobunjani be-gourmet kunye nexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu le-truffles, abantu bahlala bezama ukungena kulimo lwe-truffle okanye ekuzingeleni. Ukuzama ukonga abasebenzi kunye nokungaqiniseki okuza nokuvuna, amafama asakhasayo azama ukuwakhulisa kumhlaba wefama, ngasemva kwezindlu, okanye kumagumbi angaphantsi. Ngenxa yobume be-truffle kunye nomthi wayo, nangona kunjalo, oku kubonakala kunzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, Abalimi base-Australia Ziyakhula zaziswa iitruffle ezimnyama kwaye kukho iinzame zoku balime kwiU.S. ngokunjalo, kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo empumelelo.
uzenza mhlophe njani iimpahla ngaphandle kwebhlitshi
I-Gourmet Truffle
Ukuba umhlaba, musky, ivumba elinama-mushroom kunye nesandi sokungcamla ngokuchanekileyo, ke ukucheba iitruffles kwisitya kunokuwuphakamisa umgangatho ukusuka kokukhulu ukuya kokungalinganiyo. Kodwa kuba ii-truffles okwangoku zibiza kakhulu ( ngaphezulu kwe- $ 1200 ngeponti nganye Iitruffle ezimnyama kunye ngaphezulu kwe- $ 2000 ngeponti nganye yee-truffles ezimhlophe) kunye nemizamo yokulima ngobuninzi bazo ayiphumelelanga kakhulu, zilungiselele ukuhlawula idola ephezulu kule fungus kwikamva elibonakalayo.
